沉积物中污染物释放原位控制实验研究
摘要
富营养化已成为影响地表水体水质最主要的环境问题。水体中过量的营养元素是引起富营养化的根本原因,其中磷和氮是重要的控制因素。一个主要的原因就是在适当条件下沉积物中的营养盐通过间隙水与上覆水体进行物理、化学和生物交换作用,将这些物质分解转化并向水体释放。因此控制沉积物中营养元素的释放成为湖泊(水库)科学研究的重点。
本次实验以西安市近郊汤峪水库和扬州运河沉积物为研究对象,通过实验室静态模拟,分别研究了化学稳定剂控制水库水体底泥中营养盐的释放和填料原位覆盖+微生物固定化技术控制景观水体底泥中营养盐的释放效果。
化学稳定结合扬水曝气控制沉积物污染物释放研究结果表明：
(1)化学稳定剂结合扬水曝气可以有效的控制沉积物中磷酸盐的释放,从而降低上覆水中P043-的浓度。PAC的浓度越高抑制磷释放的效果越明显,抑制率的平均值分别为37.06%、41.36%、49.96%和63.16%。PAC和PAM联合使用的抑制效果较单独使用PAC的抑制效果好,抑制率的平均值可达88.38%。Ca(N03)2对于抑制磷酸盐的释放效果比较明显且持续时间较长,经过20天,抑制率达到95%.
(2)化学稳定剂控制Fe2+的释放效果明显,Fe2+的释放与P043-的释放相关,随着PAC浓度的增大,平均抑制率分别为28.57%、49.52%、69.52%和89.49%。Ca(N03)2对于抑制Fe2+的释放作用效果最好,整个实验过程中6≠反应器中Fe2+的浓度始终低于0.13mg/L,PAC联合PAM抑制铁释放的效果优于单独使用PAC。
(3)Ca(NO3)2在富氧的环境中促使底泥中的Mn向水体释放,在缺氧环境中抑制Mn向水体释放。
(4)2#-5#反应器中NOM的平均抑制率分别为36.22%、25.02%、30.75%和34.09%.化学稳定剂抑制底泥中有机物的释放与水体中Zeta电位大小有一定的关系,Zeta电位越靠近中性,抑制效果越好。
(5)沉积物中磷形态分析结果表明,化学稳定剂主要抑制了底泥中Fe／Al-P的释放,Ca-P相对比较稳定,不易释放。
针对景观水体(扬州运河)底泥中氮磷高负荷污染控制问题,考察了不同溶解氧条件下硝酸钙原位处理、填料覆盖(沸石、方解石、沸石和方解石)+微生物固定化技术对底泥氮磷释放控制的作用。研究结果表明：
(1)单独使用一种填料时,沸石控制底泥中氨氮释放的效果比其他几种填料好,对氨氮的去除率为84.3%。方解石对磷酸盐的去除率比其他几种填料高,可达87.9%。
(2)对于氨氮浓度较高的景观水体,组合填料覆盖层可以有效的去除水体中的氨氮,未挂膜填料和挂膜填料对氨氮的去除率分别为79.98%和74.31%。
(3)挂膜覆盖层促使底泥中的正磷向水体释放,与未挂膜的填料相比,更容易使底泥中的正磷释放出来。
Eutrophication has become important environment problemsthat draw our attention in the fields of water resources management. The basic reason of eutrophication is the excessive nutrients in water,in which the main controlling factors are nitrogen and phosphorus. The main reason is largely due to the release of nutrients from sediments into overlying water through physical, chemical and biological exchange.So it is necessary to do further study about controlling the inner pollution of sediment of the lakes (reservoirs).
In this experiment, The sediments of Tangyu reservoir in Xi'an City and Yangzhou canal is the research object. Based on the laboratory static simulation of sediment-water interface environment,the effect of chemical stabilization inhibiting pollutions releasing from sediment,and the technology of filler in situ coverage+immobilized microorganisms removing pollution from water were studied. Chemical stabilization with Water-lifting Aerator controling sediments pollutants released results show that:
(1) As shown in the data of experiment, it can be concluded that this new method can inhibit phosphorus releasing from sediment effectively. As to reactors (2#-5#), it can be concluded that the higher the PAC concentration was, the better the inhibiting efficiency was. And the PAM can strengthen the inhibiting efficiency of PAC, which was illustrated by the curve 5#. The mean E of 2#-6# for PO43- were 37.06.%,41.36%, 49.96% and 63.16% and 88.38% respectively. After 20 days incubation time, the E of reactor (6#) was kept constant at 95% or so, which was higher than that of others.
(2) Chemical stabilization can inhibit Fe2+ releasing from sediment effectively,the researche on pollutants releasing from the sediments indicated that the Fe2+ released into the overlying water was positively correlated with phosphate concentration. As to Fe2+, the corresponding values of 2#-6# were 28.75%,49.52%,69.52%,89.49% and 82.88% respectively.
(3) It can be concluded that at aerobic condition Ca(NO3)2 can accelerate Mn release from sediments and at anaerobic condition which opposited to that of in an anaerobic or anoxic condition
(4) As2#-5#,all these agents were effective in inhibiting the release of NOM and the mean E value of them were 36.22%,25.02%,30.75%,34.09% and 39.53% respectively. The inhibiting efficiency PAC and PAM on NOM was positively correlated with Zeta potential.
(5) Phosphorus form in sediment analysis results show:the PO43- released into overlying water was main from Fe/Al-P,while Ca-P was considerable stable.
For high concentration nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in landscape water sediment(Yangzhou canal). Studying the condition of different oxygen, the technology of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus release by calcite in situ treatment, filler coverage (zeolite, calcite and compound capping with zeolite and calcite) biological filter media filler in situ coverage+biological filter media
(1) The results showed that zeolite can inhibit ammonia releasing from sediment effectively. The mean E of zeolite for ammonia were84.3.%. For removal rate of phosphate, the calcite remove phosphorus effectively than other kinds of filler.The mean E of calcite for phosphate were 87.9%.
(2) In the high concentration ammonia of landscape water, combined filler and biological filter media can remove ammonia from water effectively.the removal rate were 79.98% and 74.31% respectively. Filter and calcium nitrate can improve microbial activity and speed up the removal rate of ammonia.
(3) Compared with filler, biological filter urge phosphate to release to surface water from sediments.
本次实验以西安市近郊汤峪水库和扬州运河沉积物为研究对象,通过实验室静态模拟,分别研究了化学稳定剂控制水库水体底泥中营养盐的释放和填料原位覆盖+微生物固定化技术控制景观水体底泥中营养盐的释放效果。
化学稳定结合扬水曝气控制沉积物污染物释放研究结果表明：
(1)化学稳定剂结合扬水曝气可以有效的控制沉积物中磷酸盐的释放,从而降低上覆水中P043-的浓度。PAC的浓度越高抑制磷释放的效果越明显,抑制率的平均值分别为37.06%、41.36%、49.96%和63.16%。PAC和PAM联合使用的抑制效果较单独使用PAC的抑制效果好,抑制率的平均值可达88.38%。Ca(N03)2对于抑制磷酸盐的释放效果比较明显且持续时间较长,经过20天,抑制率达到95%.
(2)化学稳定剂控制Fe2+的释放效果明显,Fe2+的释放与P043-的释放相关,随着PAC浓度的增大,平均抑制率分别为28.57%、49.52%、69.52%和89.49%。Ca(N03)2对于抑制Fe2+的释放作用效果最好,整个实验过程中6≠反应器中Fe2+的浓度始终低于0.13mg/L,PAC联合PAM抑制铁释放的效果优于单独使用PAC。
(3)Ca(NO3)2在富氧的环境中促使底泥中的Mn向水体释放,在缺氧环境中抑制Mn向水体释放。
(4)2#-5#反应器中NOM的平均抑制率分别为36.22%、25.02%、30.75%和34.09%.化学稳定剂抑制底泥中有机物的释放与水体中Zeta电位大小有一定的关系,Zeta电位越靠近中性,抑制效果越好。
(5)沉积物中磷形态分析结果表明,化学稳定剂主要抑制了底泥中Fe／Al-P的释放,Ca-P相对比较稳定,不易释放。
针对景观水体(扬州运河)底泥中氮磷高负荷污染控制问题,考察了不同溶解氧条件下硝酸钙原位处理、填料覆盖(沸石、方解石、沸石和方解石)+微生物固定化技术对底泥氮磷释放控制的作用。研究结果表明：
(1)单独使用一种填料时,沸石控制底泥中氨氮释放的效果比其他几种填料好,对氨氮的去除率为84.3%。方解石对磷酸盐的去除率比其他几种填料高,可达87.9%。
(2)对于氨氮浓度较高的景观水体,组合填料覆盖层可以有效的去除水体中的氨氮,未挂膜填料和挂膜填料对氨氮的去除率分别为79.98%和74.31%。
(3)挂膜覆盖层促使底泥中的正磷向水体释放,与未挂膜的填料相比,更容易使底泥中的正磷释放出来。
Eutrophication has become important environment problemsthat draw our attention in the fields of water resources management. The basic reason of eutrophication is the excessive nutrients in water,in which the main controlling factors are nitrogen and phosphorus. The main reason is largely due to the release of nutrients from sediments into overlying water through physical, chemical and biological exchange.So it is necessary to do further study about controlling the inner pollution of sediment of the lakes (reservoirs).
In this experiment, The sediments of Tangyu reservoir in Xi'an City and Yangzhou canal is the research object. Based on the laboratory static simulation of sediment-water interface environment,the effect of chemical stabilization inhibiting pollutions releasing from sediment,and the technology of filler in situ coverage+immobilized microorganisms removing pollution from water were studied. Chemical stabilization with Water-lifting Aerator controling sediments pollutants released results show that:
(1) As shown in the data of experiment, it can be concluded that this new method can inhibit phosphorus releasing from sediment effectively. As to reactors (2#-5#), it can be concluded that the higher the PAC concentration was, the better the inhibiting efficiency was. And the PAM can strengthen the inhibiting efficiency of PAC, which was illustrated by the curve 5#. The mean E of 2#-6# for PO43- were 37.06.%,41.36%, 49.96% and 63.16% and 88.38% respectively. After 20 days incubation time, the E of reactor (6#) was kept constant at 95% or so, which was higher than that of others.
(2) Chemical stabilization can inhibit Fe2+ releasing from sediment effectively,the researche on pollutants releasing from the sediments indicated that the Fe2+ released into the overlying water was positively correlated with phosphate concentration. As to Fe2+, the corresponding values of 2#-6# were 28.75%,49.52%,69.52%,89.49% and 82.88% respectively.
(3) It can be concluded that at aerobic condition Ca(NO3)2 can accelerate Mn release from sediments and at anaerobic condition which opposited to that of in an anaerobic or anoxic condition
(4) As2#-5#,all these agents were effective in inhibiting the release of NOM and the mean E value of them were 36.22%,25.02%,30.75%,34.09% and 39.53% respectively. The inhibiting efficiency PAC and PAM on NOM was positively correlated with Zeta potential.
(5) Phosphorus form in sediment analysis results show:the PO43- released into overlying water was main from Fe/Al-P,while Ca-P was considerable stable.
For high concentration nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in landscape water sediment(Yangzhou canal). Studying the condition of different oxygen, the technology of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus release by calcite in situ treatment, filler coverage (zeolite, calcite and compound capping with zeolite and calcite) biological filter media filler in situ coverage+biological filter media
(1) The results showed that zeolite can inhibit ammonia releasing from sediment effectively. The mean E of zeolite for ammonia were84.3.%. For removal rate of phosphate, the calcite remove phosphorus effectively than other kinds of filler.The mean E of calcite for phosphate were 87.9%.
(2) In the high concentration ammonia of landscape water, combined filler and biological filter media can remove ammonia from water effectively.the removal rate were 79.98% and 74.31% respectively. Filter and calcium nitrate can improve microbial activity and speed up the removal rate of ammonia.
(3) Compared with filler, biological filter urge phosphate to release to surface water from sediments.
引文
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