复合振动激光微多普勒效应的实验研究
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摘要
激光雷达微多普勒效应在目标探测、识别中由于测量精度高、抗干扰能力强等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。复合振动比单频振动更复杂,因此研究复合振动目标的特征提取与识别更具现实意义。本文首先建立了一套基于Michelson-Morley动态干涉仪的复合振动激光微多普勒效应的探测系统,开展了实验研究,采用时频域联合分析的方法对实验信号进行了分析。通过对多种时频分析方法的比较表明:采用重排谱图分布得到的时频图像具有较为理想的时频特性,该方法适合于复合振动目标微多普勒信号的分析,从所得的时频图中可以获取复合振动目标的某些特征。通过对单、双频振动目标的微多普勒实验结果的对比,证明了我们建立的实验系统和采用的时频分析方法获取目标复合振动频率是真实、可靠的。其次通过建立激光雷达微多普勒效应探测运动目标复合振动数学模型,利用MATLAB编程进行了复合振动激光微多普勒效应的仿真研究,对仿真信号进行基于重排谱图的时频分析。在与实验中目标各运动参数相同的条件下,用模型仿真了复合振动目标的微多普勒信号,并且与实验的结果有很好的符合。通过仿真结果与实验结果的对比研究,验证了提出的复合振动仿真模型的正确性。
Laser radar micro-Doppler effect has good application prospects in the detection and identification of for it’s high measurement precision and strong anti-interference ability. Because complex vibrating targets are more complex than single-frequency targets, so it is more practical to research the feature extraction and identification of complex vibrating targets. Firstly, a detecting system based on Michelson-Morley dynamic interferometer for laser micro-Doppler effect of the complex vibration was designed and built, some experiments have been done. The experiment signals were analyzed using a method of joint time-frequency analysis. Through the comparison of several different time-frequency analysis methods, it is shown that the time-frequency image which is gotten by reassigned spectrum picture distribution has much ideal time-frequency characteristics, this method is fit for the analysis of micro-Doppler signal induced by target complex vibration, some features of the complex vibrating target can be extracted from the time-frequency image. The comparing of micro-Doppler experiment results of single-frequency vibrating target and double-frequency vibrating target testifies the validity and reliability of using our experimental system and time-frequency method to extract the complex vibrating frequency of target. Secondly, a mathematical model for detecting the complex vibration of moving target by micro-Doppler effect in laser radar was built, then simulation research for laser micro-Doppler effect of the complex vibrating target was conducted using MATLAB, and the time-frequency analysis of reassigned spectrum picture was used for simulated signal. In the same cases of experimental parameters, the micro-Doppler signal of complex vibration was simulated and it agreed with the experiment results very well. The validity of the mathematical model was confirmed by the comparison of simulation results and experiment results.
Laser radar micro-Doppler effect has good application prospects in the detection and identification of for it’s high measurement precision and strong anti-interference ability. Because complex vibrating targets are more complex than single-frequency targets, so it is more practical to research the feature extraction and identification of complex vibrating targets. Firstly, a detecting system based on Michelson-Morley dynamic interferometer for laser micro-Doppler effect of the complex vibration was designed and built, some experiments have been done. The experiment signals were analyzed using a method of joint time-frequency analysis. Through the comparison of several different time-frequency analysis methods, it is shown that the time-frequency image which is gotten by reassigned spectrum picture distribution has much ideal time-frequency characteristics, this method is fit for the analysis of micro-Doppler signal induced by target complex vibration, some features of the complex vibrating target can be extracted from the time-frequency image. The comparing of micro-Doppler experiment results of single-frequency vibrating target and double-frequency vibrating target testifies the validity and reliability of using our experimental system and time-frequency method to extract the complex vibrating frequency of target. Secondly, a mathematical model for detecting the complex vibration of moving target by micro-Doppler effect in laser radar was built, then simulation research for laser micro-Doppler effect of the complex vibrating target was conducted using MATLAB, and the time-frequency analysis of reassigned spectrum picture was used for simulated signal. In the same cases of experimental parameters, the micro-Doppler signal of complex vibration was simulated and it agreed with the experiment results very well. The validity of the mathematical model was confirmed by the comparison of simulation results and experiment results.
引文
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[16]刘增东,冯巍巍,刘美娟等.一种新型的多普勒调制技术[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):556-559.
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[20]原帅,王学勤,盛美菊,等.激光微多普勒探测运动目标复合振动的实验研究[J].激光与红外,2007,37(10):1036-1038.
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[29]胡劲松.面向旋转机械故障诊断的经验模态分解时频分析方法及实验研究[D].浙江:浙江大学, 2003.
[30]魏庆国,吴建华.非平稳信号时频分析的重排方法及其在语言信号处理中的应用[J].南昌大学学报,2004,28(2):174-177.
[31]杨国光.《近代光学测试技术》[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1997.430-433.
[32]金国藩,李景镇.《激光测量学》[M].科学出版社,1998.283-289.
[33]罗先和,张广军,骆飞等.《光电检测技术》[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.86-91.
[34]亓洪兴.导弹目标激光散斑特征提取的方法研究.[D].烟台:烟台大学光电学院,2004.
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[42]李传保.打印口EPP协议.电子科技,陕西,西安.2001. 45-46.
[43]程佩青.数字信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.33-40.
[44] Eugene F. Greneker, Jonathan L. Geisheimer, David Asbell,“Extraction of micro-Doppler data from vehicle targets at x-band frequency”[J], Proc.SPIE vol.4374:1-9.
[45] Eugene F. Greneker, Vincent B. Sylvester.“Use of envelope detection method to detect micro-Doppler”[J].Proc. SPIE vol.5077: 167-174.
[46]杜振辉,陶知非,蒋诚志,等.激光多普勒效应在地震波勘探中的应用研究[J].光电子.激光,2004,15(8):955-958.
[2] Victor C. Chen, Ronald D. Lipps. Time frequency signatures of micro-Doppler phenomenon for feature extraction[J]. Proc. SPIE 2000,Vol. 4056:220-226.
[3]陈行勇,黎湘,姜斌.基于微多普勒特征的空中目标识别[J].现代雷达,2006,28(10):30-33.
[4] Victor C. Chen. Analysis of radar micro-Doppler with time-frequency transform[J]. IEEE Statistical signal and array processing, 2000.463-466.
[5] Victor C. Chen, Li. F, Ho.S-S. Analysis of micro-Doppler signatures[J].Proc. SPIE 2003,150(4):220-226.
[6] Victor C. Chen. Micro-Doppler effect of micro-motion dynamics: a review[J]. Proc. SPIE ,2003,Vol. 5102: 240-249.
[7] Victor C. Chen. Advanced synthetic aperture radar imaging and feature analysis[J]. Proceedings of the international radar conference, 2003.22-26.
[8] Victor C. Chen. Spatial and temporal independent component analysis of micro-Doppler features[J].IEEE International Radar Conference, 2005.348-353.
[9] Stove, A. G., Sykes, S .R.. A Doppler-based automatic target classifier for a battlefield surveillance radar[J]. IEE Radar 2002.419-423.
[10] Chengjie Cai, Weixian Liu, Fu J.S etal.“Empirical mode decomposition of micro-Doppler signature”[J]. 2005 IEEE International Radar Conference, IEEE Proceedings 2005.895-899.
[11] Zhaonian Zhang, Philippe O. Pouliquen. Acoustic micro-Doppler Radar for Human Gait Imaging[J]. Acoustical Society of America 2007.110-113.
[12]陈行勇,黎湘,郭桂荣,等.基于旋翼微动雷达特征的空中目标识别[J].系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(3):372-375.
[13]陈行勇,刘永祥,黎湘等.微多普勒分析和参数估计[J]..红外与毫米波学报,2006, 25(5):360-363.
[14]陈爱武.微多普勒效应分析与应用研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2007.
[15]亓洪兴,刘增东,江荣熙.一种利用Michelson-Morley动态干涉仪技术的多普勒调制器[J].烟台大学学报,2003(4):248-251.
[16]刘增东,冯巍巍,刘美娟等.一种新型的多普勒调制技术[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):556-559.
[17]王学勤,董艳群,原帅等.激光雷达微多普勒效应的仿真研究[J].激光技术,2007,31(2):117-119.
[18]王学勤,原帅,盛美菊等.振动目标光学微多普勒信号的获取与处理研究[J].光电子.激光,2007,18(12):1474-1477.
[19]王学勤.激光微多普勒效应的仿真与实验研究[D].烟台:烟台大学光电学院,2007.
[20]原帅,王学勤,盛美菊,等.激光微多普勒探测运动目标复合振动的实验研究[J].激光与红外,2007,37(10):1036-1038.
[21] (英)特瑞恩著;王仕康译《激光多普勒技术》[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1985.44-64.
[22] Jiajin Lei.“Pattern recognition based on time-frequency distribution of radar micro-Doppler dynamics”[J]. IEEE Proc. Sixth international conference on software engineering ,artificial intelligence ,networking and parallel/distributed computing, 2005. 14-18.
[23] Jiajin Lei, Chao Lu.“Target classification based on micro-Doppler signatures”[J]. IEEE international radar conference, 2005. 179-183.
[24] J.Li, H.Ling.“Application of adaptive chirplet representation for ISAR feature extraction from targets with rotating parts”[J].IEE Proc. Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2003, 150(4): 284-291.
[25]张贤达,保铮.《非平稳信号分析与处理》[M].国防工业出版,1998.
[26]张贤达.《现代信号处理》[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[27]刘东霞.脉内调制信号的分析与自动识别[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2003.
[28]楼顺天,李博菡.《基于MATLAB的时频分析与设计:信号处理》[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,1998.
[29]胡劲松.面向旋转机械故障诊断的经验模态分解时频分析方法及实验研究[D].浙江:浙江大学, 2003.
[30]魏庆国,吴建华.非平稳信号时频分析的重排方法及其在语言信号处理中的应用[J].南昌大学学报,2004,28(2):174-177.
[31]杨国光.《近代光学测试技术》[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1997.430-433.
[32]金国藩,李景镇.《激光测量学》[M].科学出版社,1998.283-289.
[33]罗先和,张广军,骆飞等.《光电检测技术》[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.86-91.
[34]亓洪兴.导弹目标激光散斑特征提取的方法研究.[D].烟台:烟台大学光电学院,2004.
[35](苏)巴伊鲍罗金,尚惠春等译.《激光技术手册》[M].机械工业出版社,1986.
[36] Tektronix TDS3000 series Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes Programmer Manual[M]. 071-0381-01, 1999.
[37]张世萁,《自动测试系统》[M].电子科技大学出版社,1990.
[38] HEWLETT, HP Standard Instrument Control Library Reference Manual,1996.
[39] HEWLETT,HP Standard Instrument Control Library User’s Guide for windows,1996.
[40] Tektronix TDS3000 series Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes Programmer Manual 071-0381-01,1999.3.2-3.10.
[41] Instruction Manual of Model 5301 Lock-in Amplifier EG&G PRINCETON APPLIED RESEARCH 1986.
[42]李传保.打印口EPP协议.电子科技,陕西,西安.2001. 45-46.
[43]程佩青.数字信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.33-40.
[44] Eugene F. Greneker, Jonathan L. Geisheimer, David Asbell,“Extraction of micro-Doppler data from vehicle targets at x-band frequency”[J], Proc.SPIE vol.4374:1-9.
[45] Eugene F. Greneker, Vincent B. Sylvester.“Use of envelope detection method to detect micro-Doppler”[J].Proc. SPIE vol.5077: 167-174.
[46]杜振辉,陶知非,蒋诚志,等.激光多普勒效应在地震波勘探中的应用研究[J].光电子.激光,2004,15(8):955-958.