基于共词分析的技术分解结构方法研究
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摘要
技术分解结构是将复杂的技术分解为相对简单的子技术。随着以“技术知识爆炸”、“技术加速扩散”和“技术全球化”为特征的“新经济时代”的来临,建立在信息技术、生物技术和其他学科发展基础之上的高新技术正在向规模化、集成化、复杂化方向发展,给技术评估、技术选择和技术投资等带来巨大困难。如果能够将这些大型复杂技术分解为较为简单的子技术,再对其进行研究,对已经成熟的子技术少考虑或不考虑,重点攻关不成熟的子技术,则可以大幅减少工作量。
本文提出技术分解结构,将理论、模型与实证分析融为一体,从共词分析的角度对技术分解结构进行判断与分析,建立了基于共词分析的技术分解结构的构建框架,将较为复杂的技术转化为相对简单的子技术,再进行分析识别,可部分达到降低技术复杂性的目的。本文首先通过文献检索工具对技术的文献进行检索,然后抽取出关键词,利用齐普夫定律推导出关键词选取公式确定样本关键词的个数,再根据包容性指数生成关键词共现相关矩阵,最后利用多元统计分析对相关矩阵进行分析,得出最终的技术分解结构。最后,通过对智能电网领域的实证研究,较好的验证了本文提出的技术分解结构的可操作性。
Since 1990s, with the upcoming of the New Economic Era featured as the knowledge explosion, accelerated diffusion and globalization of technology, the emerging technology based on IT, Bio Technology and so on had been shortening the time interval between the laboratory and the market. Each breakthrough of the technology has brought people with a revolutionary change. It is a critical factor for a developing county to identify the technology and enter the new area of the it as soon as possible.
This thesis proposes the Technology Breakdown Structure (TBS), and makes the judgment and analysis of the TBS from the angle of co-word analysis. In order to reduce the complexity of the technology in part, the complicated technology is broken down into some simple child-technology for analysis, and the constructing framework of the TBS based on co-word analysis is established. At first, using the documents retrieving tools, the technology document are retrieved. The using the Law Zipf, the keywords are abstracted and the number of the keywords is determined by the Formula Keywords Abstracting. Thirdly, the keyword co-relative matrix is created based on the inclusion index. At last, by analyzing the co-relative matrix using multi-state statistic analysis, the final Technology Breakdown Structure is achieved.Using a demonstration research on the Smart Grid, the ETBS evaluation framework is validated.
本文提出技术分解结构,将理论、模型与实证分析融为一体,从共词分析的角度对技术分解结构进行判断与分析,建立了基于共词分析的技术分解结构的构建框架,将较为复杂的技术转化为相对简单的子技术,再进行分析识别,可部分达到降低技术复杂性的目的。本文首先通过文献检索工具对技术的文献进行检索,然后抽取出关键词,利用齐普夫定律推导出关键词选取公式确定样本关键词的个数,再根据包容性指数生成关键词共现相关矩阵,最后利用多元统计分析对相关矩阵进行分析,得出最终的技术分解结构。最后,通过对智能电网领域的实证研究,较好的验证了本文提出的技术分解结构的可操作性。
Since 1990s, with the upcoming of the New Economic Era featured as the knowledge explosion, accelerated diffusion and globalization of technology, the emerging technology based on IT, Bio Technology and so on had been shortening the time interval between the laboratory and the market. Each breakthrough of the technology has brought people with a revolutionary change. It is a critical factor for a developing county to identify the technology and enter the new area of the it as soon as possible.
This thesis proposes the Technology Breakdown Structure (TBS), and makes the judgment and analysis of the TBS from the angle of co-word analysis. In order to reduce the complexity of the technology in part, the complicated technology is broken down into some simple child-technology for analysis, and the constructing framework of the TBS based on co-word analysis is established. At first, using the documents retrieving tools, the technology document are retrieved. The using the Law Zipf, the keywords are abstracted and the number of the keywords is determined by the Formula Keywords Abstracting. Thirdly, the keyword co-relative matrix is created based on the inclusion index. At last, by analyzing the co-relative matrix using multi-state statistic analysis, the final Technology Breakdown Structure is achieved.Using a demonstration research on the Smart Grid, the ETBS evaluation framework is validated.
引文
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[6] Globerson,S.Impact of Various Work-breakdown Structures on Project Conceptualization[J]. International Journal of Project Management.1994.12(3:) 165-171.
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[8] Chua, David K.H. Use of a WBS matrix to improve interface management in projects[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2006(1).
[9] Iranmanesh, H,Madadi, M. An intelligent system framework for generating activity list of a project using WBS mind map and semantic network.Proceedings of World Academy of Science,2009,40.
[10]江萍,成虎施工项目结构分解(WBS)方法及准则研究[J]东南大学学报,2000,30(4)
[11]郭富才,黄辉.项目管理工作结构分解(WBS)方法及其准则研究[J].管理工程学报,2002(10).
[12]陈宝涛.利用WBS促进油田地面工程项目管理[J].油气田地面工程,2005,25(4).
[13]胡欣悦,刘金兰,汤勇力.基于任务分解结构的虚拟企业伙伴优化选择[J].制造自动化,2005,27(1).
[14]郭志涛,杨海鹰.基于进度WBS的大型工程项目集成控制[J].煤炭工程,2007(10).
[15]李清富,焦美菊,刘建华.基于WBS的桥梁结构损伤度模糊综合评估[J].郑州大学学报,2007(1).
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[18]任睿.WBS在费用进度集成控制中的应用[J].科技进步与对策,2008(10).
[19]胡仲春,刘军,梁化磊.基于WBS-RBS与“一法三卡”的工程项目安全管理[J].矿业研究与开发,2009(3).
[20]潘燕华,田宗州,查春霞.基于MSWBS的造船项目层次网络计划研究[J].船舶工程,2010(1).
[21]莫尔琴,段辰,郝逸然.基于WBS网络营销新概念的电子商务外包研究[J].中国电子商务,2011(9).
[22]董洁.天线产品研制项目管理WBS方法分析[J].测控与通信,2011(2).
[23]崔纪梅.WBS在我国海洋工程中的研究[J].价值工程,2011(9).
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[30]康梅.基于(k,y)空间技术分解的企业投资效率评价[J].中国管理科学,2007(6).
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[35]张晗,崔雷.生物信息学的共词分析研究[J].情报学报,2003,23(5):613-617.
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[37] Rokaya Mahmoud,Atlam Elsayed,Fuketa Masao,Dorji Tshering C,Aoe Jun-ichi.Randingg of field association using Co-word analysis[J].Information Processing and Management,2008,44(2):738-755.
[38]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报,2006,32(2):88-92.
[39]马费成,望俊成,陈金霞,胡超.我国数字信息资源研究的热点领域:共词分析透视[J].情报理论与实践,2007,30(4):438-443.
[40]赵丽红.国外2001-2006年老年病学研究热点的共词聚类分析[J].中国老年学杂志,2007,27(22).
[41]岳洪江,刘思峰.国外管理学博士论文研究主题的可视化分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,29(3).
[42]廖胜姣,肖仙桃.基于文献计量的共词分析研究进展[J].情报学报,2008(6).
[43]钟伟金,李佳,杨兴菊.共词分析法研究-共词聚类分析法的原理与特点[J].情报杂志,2008,27(7).
[44]苏娜.基于共词分析的数字图书馆领域研究主题及进展分析[J].情报杂志,2009(6).
[45]高继平,丁堃．专利研究文献的可视化分析[J].情报杂志,2009(7).
[46]韩真.基于共词分析的主题类型划分方法比较研究[J].图书馆,2009(2).
[47]伍若梅,孔悦凡.共词分析与共引分析方法的比较研究[J].情报资料工作,2010(1).
[48]李栎,张志强,安培浚.基于共词分析的国际遥感传感器研究发展态势分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2010(3).
[49]杨彦荣,张阳.加权共词分析法研究[J].情报理论与实践,2011,34(4).
[50]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报,2006(2).
[51]张晗,王晓瑜,崔雷.共词分析法与文献被引次数结合研究专题领域的发展态势.情报理论与实践,2007,30(3).
[52]姜秉权,许振亮.基于知识图谱的国际生态文明研究前沿:共词分析视角[J].科学技术与经济,2009(5).
[53]张勤,马费成.国内知识管理研究结构探讨—以共词分析为方法.情报学报,2008,27(1).
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[56]刘艳琼,陈英武,范晓樯.基于技术分解结构的装备研制项目技术风险评估法及其应用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,(7).
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[2]徐森.工程项目集成化管理的研究[D].合肥工业大学学位论文.2002,3
[3] Project Management Institute Standards Committee.A Guild to the Profect Management Body of Knowledge[M].New York:Project Management Institute,2000
[4] Russell,A.D.Managing High Technology Programs and Projects,2nd Edn.[M].John Wiley and Sons,Inc.1992.
[5] Harrison,F.L.Advanced Project Management-A Structures Approach,3rd Edn.[M].John Wiley and Sons,Inc.1992.
[6] Globerson,S.Impact of Various Work-breakdown Structures on Project Conceptualization[J]. International Journal of Project Management.1994.12(3:) 165-171.
[7] J.M.Gracia-Fornieles,i.s.Fan,A.Perez,C.Wainwright and K.Sehdev.A Work Breakdown Structure that Integrates Different Views in Aircraft Modification Projects[J].Concurrent Engineering:Research and Applications.2003.11(1):47-54.
[8] Chua, David K.H. Use of a WBS matrix to improve interface management in projects[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2006(1).
[9] Iranmanesh, H,Madadi, M. An intelligent system framework for generating activity list of a project using WBS mind map and semantic network.Proceedings of World Academy of Science,2009,40.
[10]江萍,成虎施工项目结构分解(WBS)方法及准则研究[J]东南大学学报,2000,30(4)
[11]郭富才,黄辉.项目管理工作结构分解(WBS)方法及其准则研究[J].管理工程学报,2002(10).
[12]陈宝涛.利用WBS促进油田地面工程项目管理[J].油气田地面工程,2005,25(4).
[13]胡欣悦,刘金兰,汤勇力.基于任务分解结构的虚拟企业伙伴优化选择[J].制造自动化,2005,27(1).
[14]郭志涛,杨海鹰.基于进度WBS的大型工程项目集成控制[J].煤炭工程,2007(10).
[15]李清富,焦美菊,刘建华.基于WBS的桥梁结构损伤度模糊综合评估[J].郑州大学学报,2007(1).
[16]田捷.采用WBS方法对高速公路机电工程施工期风险的识别[J].交通标准化,2011(16).
[17]刘维庆,仇鹏,朱效清.WBS在客运专线施工进度管理中的应用[J].中国铁路,2008(12).
[18]任睿.WBS在费用进度集成控制中的应用[J].科技进步与对策,2008(10).
[19]胡仲春,刘军,梁化磊.基于WBS-RBS与“一法三卡”的工程项目安全管理[J].矿业研究与开发,2009(3).
[20]潘燕华,田宗州,查春霞.基于MSWBS的造船项目层次网络计划研究[J].船舶工程,2010(1).
[21]莫尔琴,段辰,郝逸然.基于WBS网络营销新概念的电子商务外包研究[J].中国电子商务,2011(9).
[22]董洁.天线产品研制项目管理WBS方法分析[J].测控与通信,2011(2).
[23]崔纪梅.WBS在我国海洋工程中的研究[J].价值工程,2011(9).
[24]何苗,杨海成,敬石开.基于产品分解结构的复杂产品工作分解技术研究[J].中国机械工程,2011(16).
[25]单汨源,李仁茂,任斌.基于成组技术的复合工作分解结构及其配置方法[J].统计与决策,2011(14).
[26] Anon.Product briefing:A technology breakdown of what is new in the industry[J].Hart E and P,2011(6).
[27] He.Hua,Ying.Mingyou,Zhang.Luning,Chen,Jingxian.An approach to structuring a technology base[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers,2007,24(1)
[28]李晓瑛.用普通技术分解PET树脂[J].世界发明,1997(11).
[29]刘艳琼,陈英武,范晓樯.基于技术分解结构的装备研制项目技术风险评估法及其应用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(1).
[30]康梅.基于(k,y)空间技术分解的企业投资效率评价[J].中国管理科学,2007(6).
[31]龚三乐.技术进步、技术分解与就业[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(3).
[32] Qin He.Knowledge Discovery Through Co-Word Analysis[J].Library Trends,1999,48(1).
[33] Ding YingIncorporating the results of co-word analyses to increase search variety for information retrieval[J].Journal of Information Science,2000,26(6).
[34] Coulter N,Monarch,Konda S.Software engineering as seen through its research literature:a study in co-word analysis[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1998,49(13).
[35]张晗,崔雷.生物信息学的共词分析研究[J].情报学报,2003,23(5):613-617.
[36] Hui S.C,Fong A.C.M.Document retrieval from a citation database using conceptual clustering and co-word analysis[J].Online Information Review,2004,28(1):22-32.
[37] Rokaya Mahmoud,Atlam Elsayed,Fuketa Masao,Dorji Tshering C,Aoe Jun-ichi.Randingg of field association using Co-word analysis[J].Information Processing and Management,2008,44(2):738-755.
[38]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报,2006,32(2):88-92.
[39]马费成,望俊成,陈金霞,胡超.我国数字信息资源研究的热点领域:共词分析透视[J].情报理论与实践,2007,30(4):438-443.
[40]赵丽红.国外2001-2006年老年病学研究热点的共词聚类分析[J].中国老年学杂志,2007,27(22).
[41]岳洪江,刘思峰.国外管理学博士论文研究主题的可视化分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,29(3).
[42]廖胜姣,肖仙桃.基于文献计量的共词分析研究进展[J].情报学报,2008(6).
[43]钟伟金,李佳,杨兴菊.共词分析法研究-共词聚类分析法的原理与特点[J].情报杂志,2008,27(7).
[44]苏娜.基于共词分析的数字图书馆领域研究主题及进展分析[J].情报杂志,2009(6).
[45]高继平,丁堃．专利研究文献的可视化分析[J].情报杂志,2009(7).
[46]韩真.基于共词分析的主题类型划分方法比较研究[J].图书馆,2009(2).
[47]伍若梅,孔悦凡.共词分析与共引分析方法的比较研究[J].情报资料工作,2010(1).
[48]李栎,张志强,安培浚.基于共词分析的国际遥感传感器研究发展态势分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2010(3).
[49]杨彦荣,张阳.加权共词分析法研究[J].情报理论与实践,2011,34(4).
[50]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报,2006(2).
[51]张晗,王晓瑜,崔雷.共词分析法与文献被引次数结合研究专题领域的发展态势.情报理论与实践,2007,30(3).
[52]姜秉权,许振亮.基于知识图谱的国际生态文明研究前沿:共词分析视角[J].科学技术与经济,2009(5).
[53]张勤,马费成.国内知识管理研究结构探讨—以共词分析为方法.情报学报,2008,27(1).
[54]陈念文,杨德荣,高达声.技术论[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1987
[55]谭跃进,陈英武,易进先系统工程原理[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999
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