高应力软岩巷道变形破坏特征及让压支护机理研究
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摘要
随着煤矿开采深度的增加,高应力软岩巷道的支护与维护问题显得越来越突出,探索正确的软岩巷道围岩变形破坏及控制机理成为一个急需解决的问题。为此,本文基于大量软岩三轴压缩试验,首次提出软岩粘弹性塑性应变软化蠕变模型,并将其嵌入FLAC内置本构关系中,进而运用数值模拟等研究手段,系统分析了高应力软岩巷道变形破坏特征与让压支护机理,并将研究成果成功运用到高应力软岩巷道支护的工程实践,其主要创新性成果体现在如下五个方面:
(1)基于软岩不同围压下常规三轴压缩试验曲线,建立了软岩峰后应变软化力学模型,通过莫尔应力圆确定了不同等效塑性剪切应变εps和不同围压σ3条件下软岩峰后的广义粘聚力c和广义内摩擦角? ,进而利用最小二乘曲面拟合得出了软岩峰后力学参数的软化规律,并将其嵌入FLAC内置应变软化本构关系中,通过数值验证,结果表明该应变软化模型能够准确地描述软岩的峰后力学特性。
(2)依据软岩三轴压缩的分级加载蠕变试验曲线的规律与时效特征,首次提出了一种由经典Burgers粘弹性模型与应变软化塑性模型串联的软岩蠕变力学模型,并依据粘弹塑性力学的基本理论,推导了该模型的三维蠕变本构方程,进而借助非线性回归分析辨识了模型的7个参数。在此基础上,将该模型嵌入到FLAC内置蠕变本构关系中,通过数值验证,结果表明该模型能够更为完善地描述软岩蠕变三个阶段的力学性态。
(3)基于软岩粘弹塑性应变软化蠕变本构模型,运用FLAC2D数值模拟,系统研究了高垂直应力和高水平应力作用下软岩巷道的变形破坏特征,给出了围岩变形、应力、塑性区以及破碎区随着时间推移的变化规律。
(4)运用数值模拟研究了不同支护强度对高应力软岩巷道围岩的控制作用,揭示了高应力软岩巷道围岩初期变形破坏具有不可克服性,据此提出了“让压”支护理念,并建立了支护体让压支护的力学模型,分析了不同自由让压距离和不同极限变形量对让压支护效果的影响。
(5)针对霍州煤电集团李雅庄煤矿高应力软岩巷道支护存在的问题,提出了以高强让压锚杆与带肋锚索为核心的高阻让压支护体系,通过现场观测,结果表明该支护体系有效地控制了巷道围岩的剧烈变形和持续蠕变,巷道安全性大大提高。
With coal mining depth increase, the support and maintenance problem of high stress soft rock roadway becomes more and more prominent, the deformation and failure of surrounding rock and its control mechanism becomes a problem needing solve urgently. Therefore, based on the massive soft rock triaxial compressive test, viscoelastic plastic strain softening creep constitutive model of soft rock was first proposed in the paper, and the model was inserted to the FLAC built-in construction relations, then the deformation and failure mechanism and the yield pressure support mechanism of high stress soft rock roadway were analyzed by numerical simulation. The research production was successfully used in the project practice. Its main innovative achievement manifests in the following five aspects:
(1)Based on curve of tri-axial compression test under different confining pressure, mechanics model of strain softening is builded, generalized cohesive force c and generalized internal friction angle ? of different equivalent plasticity shear strainεpsand different confining pressureσ3 is determined by Mohr stress circle, then softening rule of mechanic parameters on soft rock are embedded into the softening constitutive relation in FLAC simulation software, which are obtained by least surface fit and are approved be fit to describe the mechanic characteristics of soft rock after peak value.
(2) Based on rules and ageing behavior of creep curve of soft rockmass sample under every level of load, a new creep mechanic model of soft rock series connected by classic visco-elasticity and plasticity mechanic model and strain softening mechanic model is builded up firstly, then the tri-dimension creep constitutive equations is deduced and the 7 parameters of the above model is identified by nonlinear regression analysis. Based on this, insert this model to FLAC built-in creep construction relations, through the numerical simulation, the result indicates that the model can describe the three stage mechanics conditions of soft rock.
(3) Based on viscoelastic plastic strain softening creep constitutive model, the deformation and failure characters at the high vertical stress and the high level stress condition was analyzed using numerical simulation method. The evolution rule of the deformation, stress, plastic and crush zone along with time was got.
(4)The control action at different support intensity for the high stress soft rock roadway was studied using numerical simulation. The result shows that the initial deformation of high stress soft rock roadway was insurmountable. So the“yield pressure support”is proposed. The yield pressure support mechanics model was established, and the support effects influenced by different yield distance and different limited deformation amount was analyzed.
(5) Aims at the problem of high stress soft rock roadway in Li Yazhuang Coal Mine, Huozhou Coal Electricity Group, the high-resistance and yield stress support system taking high strength with yield stress function bolt and ribbed anchor as the core is proposed. Through the scene observation, the result indicates that the support system has controlled the roadway fierce deformation and continue creep effectively, and the roadway security enhances greatly.
(1)基于软岩不同围压下常规三轴压缩试验曲线,建立了软岩峰后应变软化力学模型,通过莫尔应力圆确定了不同等效塑性剪切应变εps和不同围压σ3条件下软岩峰后的广义粘聚力c和广义内摩擦角? ,进而利用最小二乘曲面拟合得出了软岩峰后力学参数的软化规律,并将其嵌入FLAC内置应变软化本构关系中,通过数值验证,结果表明该应变软化模型能够准确地描述软岩的峰后力学特性。
(2)依据软岩三轴压缩的分级加载蠕变试验曲线的规律与时效特征,首次提出了一种由经典Burgers粘弹性模型与应变软化塑性模型串联的软岩蠕变力学模型,并依据粘弹塑性力学的基本理论,推导了该模型的三维蠕变本构方程,进而借助非线性回归分析辨识了模型的7个参数。在此基础上,将该模型嵌入到FLAC内置蠕变本构关系中,通过数值验证,结果表明该模型能够更为完善地描述软岩蠕变三个阶段的力学性态。
(3)基于软岩粘弹塑性应变软化蠕变本构模型,运用FLAC2D数值模拟,系统研究了高垂直应力和高水平应力作用下软岩巷道的变形破坏特征,给出了围岩变形、应力、塑性区以及破碎区随着时间推移的变化规律。
(4)运用数值模拟研究了不同支护强度对高应力软岩巷道围岩的控制作用,揭示了高应力软岩巷道围岩初期变形破坏具有不可克服性,据此提出了“让压”支护理念,并建立了支护体让压支护的力学模型,分析了不同自由让压距离和不同极限变形量对让压支护效果的影响。
(5)针对霍州煤电集团李雅庄煤矿高应力软岩巷道支护存在的问题,提出了以高强让压锚杆与带肋锚索为核心的高阻让压支护体系,通过现场观测,结果表明该支护体系有效地控制了巷道围岩的剧烈变形和持续蠕变,巷道安全性大大提高。
With coal mining depth increase, the support and maintenance problem of high stress soft rock roadway becomes more and more prominent, the deformation and failure of surrounding rock and its control mechanism becomes a problem needing solve urgently. Therefore, based on the massive soft rock triaxial compressive test, viscoelastic plastic strain softening creep constitutive model of soft rock was first proposed in the paper, and the model was inserted to the FLAC built-in construction relations, then the deformation and failure mechanism and the yield pressure support mechanism of high stress soft rock roadway were analyzed by numerical simulation. The research production was successfully used in the project practice. Its main innovative achievement manifests in the following five aspects:
(1)Based on curve of tri-axial compression test under different confining pressure, mechanics model of strain softening is builded, generalized cohesive force c and generalized internal friction angle ? of different equivalent plasticity shear strainεpsand different confining pressureσ3 is determined by Mohr stress circle, then softening rule of mechanic parameters on soft rock are embedded into the softening constitutive relation in FLAC simulation software, which are obtained by least surface fit and are approved be fit to describe the mechanic characteristics of soft rock after peak value.
(2) Based on rules and ageing behavior of creep curve of soft rockmass sample under every level of load, a new creep mechanic model of soft rock series connected by classic visco-elasticity and plasticity mechanic model and strain softening mechanic model is builded up firstly, then the tri-dimension creep constitutive equations is deduced and the 7 parameters of the above model is identified by nonlinear regression analysis. Based on this, insert this model to FLAC built-in creep construction relations, through the numerical simulation, the result indicates that the model can describe the three stage mechanics conditions of soft rock.
(3) Based on viscoelastic plastic strain softening creep constitutive model, the deformation and failure characters at the high vertical stress and the high level stress condition was analyzed using numerical simulation method. The evolution rule of the deformation, stress, plastic and crush zone along with time was got.
(4)The control action at different support intensity for the high stress soft rock roadway was studied using numerical simulation. The result shows that the initial deformation of high stress soft rock roadway was insurmountable. So the“yield pressure support”is proposed. The yield pressure support mechanics model was established, and the support effects influenced by different yield distance and different limited deformation amount was analyzed.
(5) Aims at the problem of high stress soft rock roadway in Li Yazhuang Coal Mine, Huozhou Coal Electricity Group, the high-resistance and yield stress support system taking high strength with yield stress function bolt and ribbed anchor as the core is proposed. Through the scene observation, the result indicates that the support system has controlled the roadway fierce deformation and continue creep effectively, and the roadway security enhances greatly.
引文
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