增程式电动汽车能量管理策略研究
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摘要
随着汽车保有量的不断增加，能源危机与环境污染的问题变得日渐突出。在这种背景下低油耗，低排放同时保持传统汽车续驶里程、价格合理的混合动力汽车成为当前国内外研究的热点。不同结构的混合动力汽车具有不同的性能，其中增程式电动汽车EREV(ExtendedRange Electric Vehicle)具有纯电动续驶里程长，可以利用燃油提供动力增加续驶里程的优点，成为混合动力汽车研究领域中的一个重点研究方向。本文以合肥工业大学对EREV整车研究中的子课题——EREV能量管理系统研究为背景，重点对能量管理策略进行了研究。
本文按照“整车性能需求一一能量管理策略设计一一试验验证”的思路对EREV能量管理策略进行了研究，主要工作如下：
针对EREV整车提出的设计需求，提出EREV动力系统参数匹配的方法，计算得出动力系统各个部件的关键性能参数，为后续具体能量管理策略的研究提供了参数依据。建立了能量管理系统的软硬件方案，对硬件的输入输出信号进行了研究，对软件所需要实现的功能进行了定义，并设计了整车的CAN通讯协议，为能量管理策略提供了设计输入。同时对能量管理控制原理进行了研究，并确定了能量管理策略需要研究的内容。
根据驾驶员的操作提出了车辆需求转矩识别的策略。根据模糊控制原理，建立了符合驾驶员意图的车辆需求转矩模糊控制系统。在Matlab/simulink中搭建了模糊控制策略的仿真模型，对提出的控制策略进行了仿真。
为了不改动传统制动系统并使得EREV具有良好的制动能量回收能力，提出基于路面识别的并联式制动能量回收策略。通过对EREV驱动时的特性进行分析，提出典型路面的识别方法，并设计了各种典型路面状况下的电制动力分配策略。在Matlab/simulink中建立了该策略的仿真模型，对制动能量回收效果进行了仿真。
为了使车辆在增程模式下发动机具有较低的燃油消耗，对瞬时等效燃油消耗最低控制策略（ECMS，Instantaneous Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy)进行了研究。针对ECMS在实车上应用难度大及以往实车上发电机组控制策略下车辆燃油经济性不佳的问题，提出一种模糊控制策略对发电机组工作点进行控制。该策略使得发电机组的工作点跟随车辆需求功率在有限的高效工作点之间切换，让车辆拥有较好的燃油经济性。在Matlab/simulink中建立了ECMS和模糊控制策略的仿真模型，对两种策略的控制效果进行了仿真比较。
最后通过Cruise整车仿真软件和底盘测功机实车试验验证了车辆的性能满足设计要求，通过HIL台架对能量管理控制器可靠性进行了验证，并进行了实车道路测试，对能量管理策略的控制效果进行了验证。
With car ownership increasing, the problems of energy crisis and environment pollution havebecome outstanding day by day. Under this background, hybrid electric vehicles which havecharacteristics of low fuel consumption, low emission while maintaining long driving range, andreasonable prices like traditional vehicles have become hot researches currently at home and abroad.The different structures of hybrid electric vehicles have different performances. Among thesestructures, Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) have advantages of that long driving range inpure electric modes, and can increase the driving range with fuel power, which become a keyresearch direction in the field of hybrid electric vehicle research. This paper focus on the researchof EREV energy management control strategies under the background of EREV energymanagement control systems research which is a sub-topic of EREV research in new energyautomobile engineering research institute of Hefei university of technology.
This paper research energy management control strategies of EREV according to the sequenceof that:"vehicle performances demand energy management control strategies design experimental verification." The main work are as follows:
Power system parameter matching method is proposed according the design requirements ofEREV. The key performance parameters of each components of the power system are obtained bycalculating, provided the basis for follow-up research of the specific energy management controlstrategies. The software and hardware projects of the energy management control system areestablished. Hardware input and output signals are researched. The software functions needed toachieved are defined, and Control Area Network (CAN) bus control system is designed. Thesework provide design inputs for vehicle control strategies. At the same time energy managementcontrol principle is researched, and the contents of energy management control strategies aredetermined.
A 'recognize strategy of vehicle demanded torque is proposed according to drivers operating.A f'uzzy control system based on drivers intention for recognizing the demanded torque of tractionmotor is built according to the principle of fuzzy control. A simulation model is built for thiscontrol system in Matlab/simulink, the simulation experiment is completed.
In order to make vehicle have good brake energy regeneration ability without changing thetraditional braking system, a parallel brake energy regeneration strategy based on road recognitionis proposed. By analyzing the drive characteristic of EREV, a method of typical road recognition isproposed, and electric braking force distribution strategies of various typical road conditions are designed. Simulation model of this strategy is built in Matlab/simulink, to have the simulationexperiment of brake energy regeneration effects.
In order to make the engine of EREV have lower fuel consumption, Instantaneous EquivalentConsumption Minimization Strategy(ECMS) is researched. Against the problems of that ECMS ishard to use in real vehicle, and other generator group control strategies used in real vehicle in the'past cant make vehicle achieve good fuel economy, a fuzzy control strategy for generator groupoperating points is proposed. This strategy can control operating points of generator group toswitch between some limited operating points which are very efficient followed the vehicle demandpower, to make the vehicle have good fuel economy. Simulation model of ECMS and fuzzy controlstrategy are built in Matlab/simulink, to have the simulation experiment of their control effects.
Last, the vehicle performances meet the design requirements are proved by experiments ofcruise simulation and real vehicle test on chassis test bench. The reliability of energy managementcontrol unit is tested on Hardware In the Loop (HIL) test bench. And the effects of energymanagement control strategies are verified from real vehicle road experiment.
本文按照“整车性能需求一一能量管理策略设计一一试验验证”的思路对EREV能量管理策略进行了研究，主要工作如下：
针对EREV整车提出的设计需求，提出EREV动力系统参数匹配的方法，计算得出动力系统各个部件的关键性能参数，为后续具体能量管理策略的研究提供了参数依据。建立了能量管理系统的软硬件方案，对硬件的输入输出信号进行了研究，对软件所需要实现的功能进行了定义，并设计了整车的CAN通讯协议，为能量管理策略提供了设计输入。同时对能量管理控制原理进行了研究，并确定了能量管理策略需要研究的内容。
根据驾驶员的操作提出了车辆需求转矩识别的策略。根据模糊控制原理，建立了符合驾驶员意图的车辆需求转矩模糊控制系统。在Matlab/simulink中搭建了模糊控制策略的仿真模型，对提出的控制策略进行了仿真。
为了不改动传统制动系统并使得EREV具有良好的制动能量回收能力，提出基于路面识别的并联式制动能量回收策略。通过对EREV驱动时的特性进行分析，提出典型路面的识别方法，并设计了各种典型路面状况下的电制动力分配策略。在Matlab/simulink中建立了该策略的仿真模型，对制动能量回收效果进行了仿真。
为了使车辆在增程模式下发动机具有较低的燃油消耗，对瞬时等效燃油消耗最低控制策略（ECMS，Instantaneous Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy)进行了研究。针对ECMS在实车上应用难度大及以往实车上发电机组控制策略下车辆燃油经济性不佳的问题，提出一种模糊控制策略对发电机组工作点进行控制。该策略使得发电机组的工作点跟随车辆需求功率在有限的高效工作点之间切换，让车辆拥有较好的燃油经济性。在Matlab/simulink中建立了ECMS和模糊控制策略的仿真模型，对两种策略的控制效果进行了仿真比较。
最后通过Cruise整车仿真软件和底盘测功机实车试验验证了车辆的性能满足设计要求，通过HIL台架对能量管理控制器可靠性进行了验证，并进行了实车道路测试，对能量管理策略的控制效果进行了验证。
With car ownership increasing, the problems of energy crisis and environment pollution havebecome outstanding day by day. Under this background, hybrid electric vehicles which havecharacteristics of low fuel consumption, low emission while maintaining long driving range, andreasonable prices like traditional vehicles have become hot researches currently at home and abroad.The different structures of hybrid electric vehicles have different performances. Among thesestructures, Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) have advantages of that long driving range inpure electric modes, and can increase the driving range with fuel power, which become a keyresearch direction in the field of hybrid electric vehicle research. This paper focus on the researchof EREV energy management control strategies under the background of EREV energymanagement control systems research which is a sub-topic of EREV research in new energyautomobile engineering research institute of Hefei university of technology.
This paper research energy management control strategies of EREV according to the sequenceof that:"vehicle performances demand energy management control strategies design experimental verification." The main work are as follows:
Power system parameter matching method is proposed according the design requirements ofEREV. The key performance parameters of each components of the power system are obtained bycalculating, provided the basis for follow-up research of the specific energy management controlstrategies. The software and hardware projects of the energy management control system areestablished. Hardware input and output signals are researched. The software functions needed toachieved are defined, and Control Area Network (CAN) bus control system is designed. Thesework provide design inputs for vehicle control strategies. At the same time energy managementcontrol principle is researched, and the contents of energy management control strategies aredetermined.
A 'recognize strategy of vehicle demanded torque is proposed according to drivers operating.A f'uzzy control system based on drivers intention for recognizing the demanded torque of tractionmotor is built according to the principle of fuzzy control. A simulation model is built for thiscontrol system in Matlab/simulink, the simulation experiment is completed.
In order to make vehicle have good brake energy regeneration ability without changing thetraditional braking system, a parallel brake energy regeneration strategy based on road recognitionis proposed. By analyzing the drive characteristic of EREV, a method of typical road recognition isproposed, and electric braking force distribution strategies of various typical road conditions are designed. Simulation model of this strategy is built in Matlab/simulink, to have the simulationexperiment of brake energy regeneration effects.
In order to make the engine of EREV have lower fuel consumption, Instantaneous EquivalentConsumption Minimization Strategy(ECMS) is researched. Against the problems of that ECMS ishard to use in real vehicle, and other generator group control strategies used in real vehicle in the'past cant make vehicle achieve good fuel economy, a fuzzy control strategy for generator groupoperating points is proposed. This strategy can control operating points of generator group toswitch between some limited operating points which are very efficient followed the vehicle demandpower, to make the vehicle have good fuel economy. Simulation model of ECMS and fuzzy controlstrategy are built in Matlab/simulink, to have the simulation experiment of their control effects.
Last, the vehicle performances meet the design requirements are proved by experiments ofcruise simulation and real vehicle test on chassis test bench. The reliability of energy managementcontrol unit is tested on Hardware In the Loop (HIL) test bench. And the effects of energymanagement control strategies are verified from real vehicle road experiment.
引文
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