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镀银铝粉的制备技术与性能研究
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摘要
镀银铝粉作为一种功能性导电填料,可将其添加于涂料、粘合剂、油墨、塑料、橡胶,广泛应用于导电涂料、电磁屏蔽材料、吸波材料、防静电等领域.由于铝粉自身的特点,与其他被镀材料相比,镀覆难度大。本文利用双重化学镀的方法成功的获得了导电性优良、性能稳定的镀银铝粉。首先将粒径为40μm的铝粉进行镀铜,得到的镀铜粉体再进行镀银。
     通过条件实验,我们探讨了NaOH~*浓度、Cu~(2+)浓度、NH_3·H_2O浓度、Cu、Ag比、Ag~+络合剂A浓度、NaOH浓度、装载量、含银量、粉体粒度对镀银铝粉颜色、松装密度、压实电阻、抗氧化性及镀银时间的影响。具体结果如下:
     (1)镀银铝粉的颜色随NaOH~*浓度、Cu~(2+)浓度、装载量的增加逐渐变深,随含银量、NH_3·H_2O浓度、Ag~+络合剂A浓度、Cu/Ag比、粉体粒度的增加变浅,随NaOH浓度的增加先变浅后变深。
     (2)镀银铝粉的压实电阻随Cu~(2+)浓度、装载量的增加而升高,随NaOH~*浓度、含银量、Ag~+络合剂A浓度、粉体粒度的增加而降低,随Cu/Ag比、NaOH浓度、NH_3·H_2O浓度的增加先降低后升高。
     (3)粉体的松装密度随Ag~+络合剂A浓度、装载量、含银量、粉体粒度的增加逐渐变大,随Cu/Ag比的增加先变大后变小,其它因素对松装密度都无明显的影响,均保持在1.3-1.4g/cm~3。
     (4)镀银铝粉的抗氧化性稳定,将镀银铝粉置于空气一个月后发现,各因素下制得的镀银铝粉颜色和压实电阻均没有明显变化。
     (5)镀银时间除随装载量、含银量、粉体粒度的增加延长外,同其它因素的变化趋势均相反。
     扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)的观察结果表明,镀银铝粉的分散性好,表面镀层均匀、致密,未见有氧化物的出现。进一步分析表明,镀银铝粉实际是以Al为核心,Cu为内层,Ag为外层构成的核壳结构。
     总之,联合使用化学镀铜、化学镀银可以得到低密度、低压实电阻、浅色、包覆致密、分散性好的镀银铝粉。该工艺操作简单、成本低、污染小、实用性强,具有较好的应用前景。
Silver coated aluminum powder is a kind of functionality conductive filler, which is applied to the fields of conducting resign, electromagnetic shielding materials, absorbing materials, anti-static materials when it was appended in coating, bond, printing ink, plastic, rubber. Because of the characteristics of aluminum powder, the electroless plating of aluminum powder is difficult. In this paper, the silver coated aluminum powder which had good electric property and stable property was produced by twice electroless plating. The aluminum powder whit 40μm in size was firstly coated copper and then the copper coated powder was coated silver.
    The influence of NaOH~* concentration, Cu~(2+) concentration, NH_3·H_2O concentration, Cu/Ag ration, Ag~+ complexing reagent A concentration, NaOH concentration, loadage, silver content and granularity on the color, compact resistance, apparent density and anti-oxidation property of silver coated aluminum powder and silver plating time were studied by condition experiment. The results as fallows:
    (1) The color became dark with the increase of NaOH~* concentration, Cu~(2+) concentration and loadage, it became light with the increase of silver content, NH_3·H_2O concentration, Ag~+ complexing reagent A concentration, Cu/Ag ration and granularity, and it firstly became light and then became dark with the increase of NaOH concentration.
    (2) The compact resistance increased with the increase of Cu~(2+) concentration and loadage, it decreased with the increase of NaOH~* concentration, silver content, Ag~+ complexing reagent A concentration and granularity, and it was firstly decreased and then increased with the decrease of Cu/Ag ration, NaOH concentration and NH_3·H_2O concentration.
    (3) The apparent density increased with the increase of Ag~+ complexing reagent A concentration, loadage, silver content and granularity, it firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of Cu/Ag ration, and it had no relation to other factors, and it was 1.3-1.4g/cm~3 usually.
    (4) The anti-oxidation property of silver coated aluminum powder was steady, the color and compact resistance didn't change when putted it which was produced in all
    factors to air for a month.
    (5) The silver plating time prolonged with the increase of loadage, silver content and granularity, it was contrary to other factors.
    The SEM and XRD micrograph indicated that the silver coated aluminum had good dispersibility and the coating is even, dense and pure, which didn't contain oxide. It showed that the silver coated aluminum was a core-shell structure of Al core, Cu inner layer and Ag outer layer by analyzed further.
    In a word, low density, low compact resistance, light color, dense coating and dispersed silver coated powder can be gotten by elctroless copper plating and electroless silver plating. This method had many advantages such as, easy operability, low cost, environment friendly and strong practicability, having better application prospect.
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