变行程风力提水机研究
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摘要
风能利用对人类的经济发展和社会生活具有重要的意义。风力提水技术是风能利用的一个重要方面,而降低风力提水机的启动风速和提高风力提水过程中的风能利用率一直是人们研究的重点。变行程机构可以通过调节活塞泵的行程实现风力机与水泵功率的合理匹配,同时实现降低启动风速和提高风能利用率的目的。
本课题首先根据活塞泵的特性及变行程过程中活塞泵与风力机的匹配特点,确定了适合于牧区独户使用的高扬程小流量变行程风力提水机水泵的基本参数。设计了平板式多叶片风力机模型,并通过风力机模型试验,得到了该风力机的空气动力特性曲线和机械特性曲线,为牧区独户使用的高扬程小流量变行程风力提水机整机模型的建立和试验打下了基础。
其次,课题分析了变行程对启动风速的影响及变行程的变化规律。利用Pro/E建模软件和ADAMS动力学仿真软件建立了变行程机构的虚拟样机,通过虚拟样机的运动学仿真,得到了变行程风力提水机的行程变化规律曲线及机构中主要部件的运动规律曲线。通过虚拟样机的动力学仿真,发现了机构中加入配重可以降低风力机输出扭矩,并找出了合适的配重质量;同时在动力学仿真中还检验了在样机总体高度不变的情况下,机构中各零件长度的变化对风力机扭矩的影响,及行程改变时,风机轴输出扭矩的变化情况。
通过本次课题发现变行程机构的重量、结构及尺寸的改变对变行程风力提水机整机的工作特性有很大的影响,所以本课题为优化变行程风力提水机的结构提供了参考依据。
Wind energy utilization is important to the development of economy and society, and Wind-powered Water Pumping System is an important aspect of wind energy utilization. Long before, people have started to research wind-powered water pumping, and have done a lot of effort to lower the start-up wind speed and heighten wind energy utilization ratio. The Wind-powered Water Pumping System with VSM (Variable Stroke Mechanism) can increase the stroke length of the piston pump in proportion to the wind speed squared, so it can lower the start-up wind speed and at the same time heighten wind energy utilization ratio.
According to the characteristic of piston pump and the VSM(Variable Stroke Mechanism) matching characteristic between piston pump and windmill, the basic pump parameters of High-head and Large-discharge Wind-powered Water Pumping System with VSM were obtained, this Wind-powered Water Pumping System is suitable for using in pasturing areas. At the same time, a Flat Windmill was designed, and the aerodynamic characteristic curves and mechanical characteristic were obtained through model experiment, which made a foundation for building a High-head and Large-discharge Wind-powered Water Pumping System with VSM.
Using Pro/Engineer software and ADAMS software, a VSM prototype was built. Through kinematics simulation, we got the stroke length changing law and parts movement laws. Through kinematics simulation, we got the mass of counter weight which is used to balance the weight of VSM, and at the same time we computed the change of the windmill output in proportion to the change of parts dimension and pump stroke length.
In this subject, we found that the changes of weight, structure and dimension of VSM had significant influence on the operating characteristic of whole Wind-powered Water Pumping System, so the building and simulating of prototype would give a reference to optimizing the wind-powered water pumping system structure with VSM.
本课题首先根据活塞泵的特性及变行程过程中活塞泵与风力机的匹配特点,确定了适合于牧区独户使用的高扬程小流量变行程风力提水机水泵的基本参数。设计了平板式多叶片风力机模型,并通过风力机模型试验,得到了该风力机的空气动力特性曲线和机械特性曲线,为牧区独户使用的高扬程小流量变行程风力提水机整机模型的建立和试验打下了基础。
其次,课题分析了变行程对启动风速的影响及变行程的变化规律。利用Pro/E建模软件和ADAMS动力学仿真软件建立了变行程机构的虚拟样机,通过虚拟样机的运动学仿真,得到了变行程风力提水机的行程变化规律曲线及机构中主要部件的运动规律曲线。通过虚拟样机的动力学仿真,发现了机构中加入配重可以降低风力机输出扭矩,并找出了合适的配重质量;同时在动力学仿真中还检验了在样机总体高度不变的情况下,机构中各零件长度的变化对风力机扭矩的影响,及行程改变时,风机轴输出扭矩的变化情况。
通过本次课题发现变行程机构的重量、结构及尺寸的改变对变行程风力提水机整机的工作特性有很大的影响,所以本课题为优化变行程风力提水机的结构提供了参考依据。
Wind energy utilization is important to the development of economy and society, and Wind-powered Water Pumping System is an important aspect of wind energy utilization. Long before, people have started to research wind-powered water pumping, and have done a lot of effort to lower the start-up wind speed and heighten wind energy utilization ratio. The Wind-powered Water Pumping System with VSM (Variable Stroke Mechanism) can increase the stroke length of the piston pump in proportion to the wind speed squared, so it can lower the start-up wind speed and at the same time heighten wind energy utilization ratio.
According to the characteristic of piston pump and the VSM(Variable Stroke Mechanism) matching characteristic between piston pump and windmill, the basic pump parameters of High-head and Large-discharge Wind-powered Water Pumping System with VSM were obtained, this Wind-powered Water Pumping System is suitable for using in pasturing areas. At the same time, a Flat Windmill was designed, and the aerodynamic characteristic curves and mechanical characteristic were obtained through model experiment, which made a foundation for building a High-head and Large-discharge Wind-powered Water Pumping System with VSM.
Using Pro/Engineer software and ADAMS software, a VSM prototype was built. Through kinematics simulation, we got the stroke length changing law and parts movement laws. Through kinematics simulation, we got the mass of counter weight which is used to balance the weight of VSM, and at the same time we computed the change of the windmill output in proportion to the change of parts dimension and pump stroke length.
In this subject, we found that the changes of weight, structure and dimension of VSM had significant influence on the operating characteristic of whole Wind-powered Water Pumping System, so the building and simulating of prototype would give a reference to optimizing the wind-powered water pumping system structure with VSM.
引文
[1] 刘茂祥.我国风电设备制造技术现状及发展建议[J] :水利水电快报.2006, 27(12):18
[2] 朱瑞兆.我国的风能资源.电力工业部.2006
[3] 王建中,李红.风力提水技术[J]:内蒙古水利.2004, (4):50
[4] 世界能源理事会.新的可再生能源[Z].海洋出版社. 1998
[5] 胡玉龙.无减速箱可变行程风力提水机的试验研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2003:12
[6] 吴双群,刘志璋,赵丹平等.风力提水机性能的改进[J]:新能源.2000, 22(12):71-73
[7] 董永福.无减速箱可变行程风力提水机的试验研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2003
[8] 张立茹.电液控制可变行程风力提水机的试验研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2003
[9] 朱彦香.户用风力发电泵水系统的研究[D].内蒙古工业,2006
[10] 沈德昌.近年来我国风力提水机械的发展[J]:农村农机化.1998
[11] 刘跃峰. Pro/ENGINEER 2001 基础教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[12] 韦涛.旋风风能提水系统的研究[J]:新能源与新材料.2004, (5):31-34
[13] 林清安. Pro/ENGINEER 2001 零件装配与产品设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[14] 包小庆,吴永忠.一种可与风轮高效匹配的水泵设计[J]:农村能源.1997, (2):21-24
[15] 孙江宏,黄小龙.Pro/ENGINEER 2001 零件设计与装配[M].北京:北京市燕山印刷厂,2003
[16] 魏建明,沈德昌. 新型 IT 风力提水机组[J]: 农机与食品机械.1998, (1):33-34
[17] 谭珍贵. 小型风电提水风力机的研究[J]: 电工技术.2001, (7): 39-40
[18] 郑建荣.ADAMS 虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[19] 李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等.ADAMS 实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[20] 王昌明,鲍光明,曹根基等.机械设计基础[M].2 版(修订本).南京:东南大学出版社,2003
[21] 梁建和,余爱民. 机械设计基础[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002
[22] 成大先.机械设计手册,单行本,轴承[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[23] 成大先.机械设计手册,单行本,联接与紧固[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[24] 王淑兰,童祖楹,杜玉衡等.机械设计手册,单行本,轴及其联接[M]. 2 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[25] 李元科. 机械设计手册 4,滚动轴承[M].2 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[26] 霍天强,张立茹,郭茂丰.风力提水机变行程的电液控制[J]:实用技术.2005, (120):43
[27] 朱俊华,战长松.往复泵[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1992
[28] 李庆宜.小型风力机设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1986
[29] D·勒古里雷斯.风力机理论与设计[M].施鹏飞.北京:机械工业出版社.1987
[30] 张之一,吴秀庭,包国兴.风力机[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社.1979
[31] 陈云程,陈孝耀,朱成名等.风力机设计与应用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社.1990
[32] 杰克·派克.风能及其利用[M].孙云龙.北京:能源出版社.1984
[33] 朱瑞兆,祝昌汉,薛桁.中国太阳能风能资源及其利用[M].北京:气象出版社.1988
[34] 张希良.风能开发利用[M].北京:化学工业出版.2005
[35] 彭永载.提水和发电用小型风力机试验方法[S].中华人民共和国机械行业标准 JB/T 10137-1999. 呼和浩特畜牧机械研究所发布。
[36] Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Wind-Powered Water Pumping Systems for Livestock Watering [Z]: http://www.iklimnet.com/save/windwaterpump.html.2006
[37] M. Velasco, O. Probst. Theory of wind-electric water pumping [J]: Renewable Energy 2004 (29):873–893
[38] Per Dannemand Andersen, Ph.D. Review of Historical and Modern Utilization of Wind Power [J]. GUODAO. 2006
[39] 王承煦.风力发电实用技术[M].2 版.北京:金盾出版社.1999
[40] 李红.独户使用小型风力发电提水技术[J]:能源应用.2002, (2):69-70
[41] 查咏.风力机与水泵匹配的研究[J]: 农业机械学报.2004, 35(4):204-206
[42] 刘惠敏,吴永忠,刘 伟. 风力提水与风力发电提水技术[J]:可再生能源. 2005, (3):59-61
[43] Yen J.T.Tornado-type wind energy system[C].In Proceeding of the 10th Intersociety Energy Conference, Eng.Conf.2000, 987-994
[44] 机械工业部.风力提水用拉杆泵技术条件JB/T 6941-93[S]. 中华人民共和国机械工业部发布.1993
[45] 张宏芳,白志乐. 低速风力机JBIT 9740.1.9740.4- 1999[S]. 1999
[46] 张晖,贺德馨. 离网型风力发电机组第3部分:风洞试验方法GB/T 19068.3-2003[S]. 2003
[47] 查咏.风力提水与牧区水利[J]:水利建设. 2003(2):19-20
[48] 乌苏水利局.乌苏市农牧区改水防病工程供水管理试行办法[Z].http://www.wsslj.net/xw_xx.aspx?id=2617,2006
[49] Al Suleimani Z.,Rao N.R. Wind-powered electric water-pumping system installed in a remote location [J]. Applied Energy.2000, (9):339-347
[2] 朱瑞兆.我国的风能资源.电力工业部.2006
[3] 王建中,李红.风力提水技术[J]:内蒙古水利.2004, (4):50
[4] 世界能源理事会.新的可再生能源[Z].海洋出版社. 1998
[5] 胡玉龙.无减速箱可变行程风力提水机的试验研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2003:12
[6] 吴双群,刘志璋,赵丹平等.风力提水机性能的改进[J]:新能源.2000, 22(12):71-73
[7] 董永福.无减速箱可变行程风力提水机的试验研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2003
[8] 张立茹.电液控制可变行程风力提水机的试验研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2003
[9] 朱彦香.户用风力发电泵水系统的研究[D].内蒙古工业,2006
[10] 沈德昌.近年来我国风力提水机械的发展[J]:农村农机化.1998
[11] 刘跃峰. Pro/ENGINEER 2001 基础教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[12] 韦涛.旋风风能提水系统的研究[J]:新能源与新材料.2004, (5):31-34
[13] 林清安. Pro/ENGINEER 2001 零件装配与产品设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[14] 包小庆,吴永忠.一种可与风轮高效匹配的水泵设计[J]:农村能源.1997, (2):21-24
[15] 孙江宏,黄小龙.Pro/ENGINEER 2001 零件设计与装配[M].北京:北京市燕山印刷厂,2003
[16] 魏建明,沈德昌. 新型 IT 风力提水机组[J]: 农机与食品机械.1998, (1):33-34
[17] 谭珍贵. 小型风电提水风力机的研究[J]: 电工技术.2001, (7): 39-40
[18] 郑建荣.ADAMS 虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[19] 李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等.ADAMS 实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[20] 王昌明,鲍光明,曹根基等.机械设计基础[M].2 版(修订本).南京:东南大学出版社,2003
[21] 梁建和,余爱民. 机械设计基础[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002
[22] 成大先.机械设计手册,单行本,轴承[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[23] 成大先.机械设计手册,单行本,联接与紧固[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[24] 王淑兰,童祖楹,杜玉衡等.机械设计手册,单行本,轴及其联接[M]. 2 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[25] 李元科. 机械设计手册 4,滚动轴承[M].2 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[26] 霍天强,张立茹,郭茂丰.风力提水机变行程的电液控制[J]:实用技术.2005, (120):43
[27] 朱俊华,战长松.往复泵[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1992
[28] 李庆宜.小型风力机设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1986
[29] D·勒古里雷斯.风力机理论与设计[M].施鹏飞.北京:机械工业出版社.1987
[30] 张之一,吴秀庭,包国兴.风力机[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社.1979
[31] 陈云程,陈孝耀,朱成名等.风力机设计与应用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社.1990
[32] 杰克·派克.风能及其利用[M].孙云龙.北京:能源出版社.1984
[33] 朱瑞兆,祝昌汉,薛桁.中国太阳能风能资源及其利用[M].北京:气象出版社.1988
[34] 张希良.风能开发利用[M].北京:化学工业出版.2005
[35] 彭永载.提水和发电用小型风力机试验方法[S].中华人民共和国机械行业标准 JB/T 10137-1999. 呼和浩特畜牧机械研究所发布。
[36] Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Wind-Powered Water Pumping Systems for Livestock Watering [Z]: http://www.iklimnet.com/save/windwaterpump.html.2006
[37] M. Velasco, O. Probst. Theory of wind-electric water pumping [J]: Renewable Energy 2004 (29):873–893
[38] Per Dannemand Andersen, Ph.D. Review of Historical and Modern Utilization of Wind Power [J]. GUODAO. 2006
[39] 王承煦.风力发电实用技术[M].2 版.北京:金盾出版社.1999
[40] 李红.独户使用小型风力发电提水技术[J]:能源应用.2002, (2):69-70
[41] 查咏.风力机与水泵匹配的研究[J]: 农业机械学报.2004, 35(4):204-206
[42] 刘惠敏,吴永忠,刘 伟. 风力提水与风力发电提水技术[J]:可再生能源. 2005, (3):59-61
[43] Yen J.T.Tornado-type wind energy system[C].In Proceeding of the 10th Intersociety Energy Conference, Eng.Conf.2000, 987-994
[44] 机械工业部.风力提水用拉杆泵技术条件JB/T 6941-93[S]. 中华人民共和国机械工业部发布.1993
[45] 张宏芳,白志乐. 低速风力机JBIT 9740.1.9740.4- 1999[S]. 1999
[46] 张晖,贺德馨. 离网型风力发电机组第3部分:风洞试验方法GB/T 19068.3-2003[S]. 2003
[47] 查咏.风力提水与牧区水利[J]:水利建设. 2003(2):19-20
[48] 乌苏水利局.乌苏市农牧区改水防病工程供水管理试行办法[Z].http://www.wsslj.net/xw_xx.aspx?id=2617,2006
[49] Al Suleimani Z.,Rao N.R. Wind-powered electric water-pumping system installed in a remote location [J]. Applied Energy.2000, (9):339-347