西安市雨水综合利用技术与雨水资源化研究
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摘要
我国西北地区的城市面临水资源短缺和水环境污染的问题,雨水作为自然界水循环系统中的重要环节,对调节、补充地区水资源和生态环境起着极为关键的作用。城市雨水综合利用是改善城市生态环境的重要组成部分,也是实现水资源利用与水环境可持续发展的重要途径之一。
本论文主要研究了西安市城市雨水利用的可行性与雨水利用技术,以期为西安市城市雨水利用提供依据和技术支持。
本文首先在大量国内外文献及应用实例的基础上,分析归纳了城市雨水利用的不同方法与途径,继而对西安市的水资源情况、雨水径流的污染状况和水质特性进行了分析,研究了西安市城市雨水利用的可行性。
在上述研究的基础上,重点对造粒流化床固液分离技术应用于雨水处理进行了动态试验研究,应用此技术对雨水进行集蓄利用将是西安市雨水利用的重要途径;雨水的渗透利用也是雨水利用的一种方法,本文也对此进行了试验研究;论文最后总结了可用于西安市雨水综合利用与资源化的重要途径与方法。
本论文主要研究成果与结论包括:(1)西安市多年平均降雨量为583.7mm,雨水资源丰富,近70%的降雨量集中在夏、秋两季,为雨水集蓄与净化利用创造了便利的条件。(2)西安市降雨径流中主要污染物是SS、COD、石油类,在径流初期COD_(Cr)高达1230mg/l,SS达2288mg/L,石油类高达161mg/L。降雨稳定后COD_(Cr)也在300～400mg/l左右,SS在800～1000 mg/L,均高于《污水综合排放标准》1、2级标准,污染严重,必须得到充分的净化处理后方可利用。(3)利用西安建筑科技大学专利技术造粒型高效固液分离装置进行了校园内雨水处理的动态试验研究,处理负荷为2m~3/h,得出了凝聚剂PAC、助凝剂PAM、水流上升速度和强制搅拌转速的控制条件。处理后水的浊度达到10NTU以下,其余各项水质指标均满足《城市杂用水水质控制指标》GB/T18920规定。(4)提出了雨水利用的绿地净化集蓄技术方案。储存在绿地内的雨水在不降雨时利用毛细作用供植物生长,节约大量的灌溉用水。(5)提出了西安市城市雨水综合利用与资源化的多种途径。
At present, many cities in Northwest China are facing with the problems of water resource shortage and water environment pollution. Rainwater, as the important ink of the water circulation system in nature, takes key effect on adjustment and replenishment of the regional water resource and ecological environment. The comprehensive utilization of cityscape rainwater is an important composition to improve the urban ecological environment, and is one of major approaches to achieve the water resource sustained growth.
This subject aimed at study the feasibility and the technical scheme of the cityscape rainwater utilization in Xi'an, which could provide scientific basis and technical support for the city's rainwater utilization.
In this paper, on the basis of analysis of a large number of literature and its application cases both at home and abroad, diverse methods and means of cityscape rainwater utilization were summed up, and then through analyzing the situation of water resources, the pollution of storm runoff and the characteristics of water quality in Xi'an, the feasibility of the cityscape rainwater utilization were researched.
Based on the above research, a dynamic test that applied the fluidized pellet bed solid-liquid separation technology to treat rainwater was stated. This process could collect and utilize rainwater, and would be an important approach to make use of rainwater in xi'an. In addition, the utilization of rain permeation was another approach, so a relevant pilot test was conducted. At last, the major approaches and means of rainwater comprehensive utilization for xi'an city were concluded.
The major conclusions of this paper are stated as follow: (1) the average rainfall for many years in Xi'an was 583.7 mm, rainfall was rich in resources, nearly 70 percent of the rainfall concentrated in the summer and autumn, which it could provide a very convenient condition for rainwater collection and utilization, (2) In Xi'an runoff, the major pollutants is the SS, COD and like oil, in the early runoff COD_(Cr) as high as 1230 mg /l, SS of 2288 mg / L, oil up to 161 mg / L. Rainfall is also stable COD_(Cr)300～400 mg/laround, SS in the 800～1000 mg/L, were higher than those in "Integrated wastewater discharge standard," 1,2-class standards, cause serious pollution, must be fully dealt with before the use of purification, (3) The utilization of rainwater is an important measure to resolve a city's water resources shortage. Applying the high efficiency granulation-type Solid-liquid separation equipment, the patent technology of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, the dynamic test of campus rainwater treatment was accomplished, in which the control factors of the coagulant dosage of PAC, the aid coagulant dosage of PAM, the flow velocity and the forced stirring speed were obtained when the treatment load was 2m~3/h. the treated water's turbidity could reach 10NTU below, the water quality indexes of the treated water could meet the standard of City Miscellaneous Water Quality Control Indicators (GB/T18920). (4) By the use of green water purification technology has a set programme. green space could have restore water function, and the restored rainwater could be the supply for plant growth by capillary action in un-rainfall time, so it would save numerous irrigation water, (5) many approaches and means of rainwater comprehensive utilization for xi'an city were suggested.
本论文主要研究了西安市城市雨水利用的可行性与雨水利用技术,以期为西安市城市雨水利用提供依据和技术支持。
本文首先在大量国内外文献及应用实例的基础上,分析归纳了城市雨水利用的不同方法与途径,继而对西安市的水资源情况、雨水径流的污染状况和水质特性进行了分析,研究了西安市城市雨水利用的可行性。
在上述研究的基础上,重点对造粒流化床固液分离技术应用于雨水处理进行了动态试验研究,应用此技术对雨水进行集蓄利用将是西安市雨水利用的重要途径;雨水的渗透利用也是雨水利用的一种方法,本文也对此进行了试验研究;论文最后总结了可用于西安市雨水综合利用与资源化的重要途径与方法。
本论文主要研究成果与结论包括:(1)西安市多年平均降雨量为583.7mm,雨水资源丰富,近70%的降雨量集中在夏、秋两季,为雨水集蓄与净化利用创造了便利的条件。(2)西安市降雨径流中主要污染物是SS、COD、石油类,在径流初期COD_(Cr)高达1230mg/l,SS达2288mg/L,石油类高达161mg/L。降雨稳定后COD_(Cr)也在300～400mg/l左右,SS在800～1000 mg/L,均高于《污水综合排放标准》1、2级标准,污染严重,必须得到充分的净化处理后方可利用。(3)利用西安建筑科技大学专利技术造粒型高效固液分离装置进行了校园内雨水处理的动态试验研究,处理负荷为2m~3/h,得出了凝聚剂PAC、助凝剂PAM、水流上升速度和强制搅拌转速的控制条件。处理后水的浊度达到10NTU以下,其余各项水质指标均满足《城市杂用水水质控制指标》GB/T18920规定。(4)提出了雨水利用的绿地净化集蓄技术方案。储存在绿地内的雨水在不降雨时利用毛细作用供植物生长,节约大量的灌溉用水。(5)提出了西安市城市雨水综合利用与资源化的多种途径。
At present, many cities in Northwest China are facing with the problems of water resource shortage and water environment pollution. Rainwater, as the important ink of the water circulation system in nature, takes key effect on adjustment and replenishment of the regional water resource and ecological environment. The comprehensive utilization of cityscape rainwater is an important composition to improve the urban ecological environment, and is one of major approaches to achieve the water resource sustained growth.
This subject aimed at study the feasibility and the technical scheme of the cityscape rainwater utilization in Xi'an, which could provide scientific basis and technical support for the city's rainwater utilization.
In this paper, on the basis of analysis of a large number of literature and its application cases both at home and abroad, diverse methods and means of cityscape rainwater utilization were summed up, and then through analyzing the situation of water resources, the pollution of storm runoff and the characteristics of water quality in Xi'an, the feasibility of the cityscape rainwater utilization were researched.
Based on the above research, a dynamic test that applied the fluidized pellet bed solid-liquid separation technology to treat rainwater was stated. This process could collect and utilize rainwater, and would be an important approach to make use of rainwater in xi'an. In addition, the utilization of rain permeation was another approach, so a relevant pilot test was conducted. At last, the major approaches and means of rainwater comprehensive utilization for xi'an city were concluded.
The major conclusions of this paper are stated as follow: (1) the average rainfall for many years in Xi'an was 583.7 mm, rainfall was rich in resources, nearly 70 percent of the rainfall concentrated in the summer and autumn, which it could provide a very convenient condition for rainwater collection and utilization, (2) In Xi'an runoff, the major pollutants is the SS, COD and like oil, in the early runoff COD_(Cr) as high as 1230 mg /l, SS of 2288 mg / L, oil up to 161 mg / L. Rainfall is also stable COD_(Cr)300～400 mg/laround, SS in the 800～1000 mg/L, were higher than those in "Integrated wastewater discharge standard," 1,2-class standards, cause serious pollution, must be fully dealt with before the use of purification, (3) The utilization of rainwater is an important measure to resolve a city's water resources shortage. Applying the high efficiency granulation-type Solid-liquid separation equipment, the patent technology of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, the dynamic test of campus rainwater treatment was accomplished, in which the control factors of the coagulant dosage of PAC, the aid coagulant dosage of PAM, the flow velocity and the forced stirring speed were obtained when the treatment load was 2m~3/h. the treated water's turbidity could reach 10NTU below, the water quality indexes of the treated water could meet the standard of City Miscellaneous Water Quality Control Indicators (GB/T18920). (4) By the use of green water purification technology has a set programme. green space could have restore water function, and the restored rainwater could be the supply for plant growth by capillary action in un-rainfall time, so it would save numerous irrigation water, (5) many approaches and means of rainwater comprehensive utilization for xi'an city were suggested.
引文
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