山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力评价研究
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摘要
随着经济一体化的发展,企业间的竞争越来越激烈,如何增强企业核心竞争力,在竞争中立足是企业面临的首要问题。当前,企业问的竞争本质上就是创新实力和科技实力的竞争,如何提高企业自主创新能力及科技实力已成为政府、产业界和理论界共同面临的问题。山东省作为一个工业大省,中小型工业企业占很大比重,其自主创新能力的高低直接影响到山东经济的发展。因此,提高山东省中小型工业企业的核心竞争力,推动山东经济跨越式发展,企业自主创新能力亟需提高。
本文以山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力为研究对象,首先综合述评了中小企业和自主创新能力的相关概念,探讨了影响自主创新能力的主要因素,并阐述了自主创新能力评价指标体系和评价方法等基本理论；其次,通过《中国科技统计年鉴》、《山东省统计年鉴》和其他相关数据的收集、整理、统计和归纳,对山东省中小型工业企业的自主创新能力现状进行分析；然后,在综合比较国内外自主创新评价指标体系的基础上,从创新投入能力、产出能力、支撑能力三方面建立指标体系,并采用因子分析法,客观、准确地对山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力进行评价,并找出制约其自主创新能力发展的主要原因是自主创新潜力和科技资金投入产出能力较差；最后,结合其他省份已有成功经验,从企业、政府、高校三个方面给出提高山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力的对策和建议。本研究的主要结论如下：
(1)山东省中小型工业企业的自主创新能力在全国28个省、自治区、直辖市中位于第三位,自主创新整体水平较高。
(2)与广东、江苏省相比,山东省中小型工业企业仍存在企业创新活力不足,产学研合作机制不完善等突出问题,特别在创新潜力、企业投入强度和政府投入强度方面与其他省份差距较大,山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力有待进一步提高。
Along with the development of global economic integration, the enterprises' competition is more and more fierce. How to strengthen the competitive capacity is the enterprises' primary problem. Essentially, the competition between the enterprises is the competition of the innovation ability and the technical strength. While, how to improve the enterprises' self-innovation ability and the technological strength has become a common facing problem for the government, industry and scholars. As an industrial province, the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong take up a large proportion, its' self-innovation ability directly impacts the Shandong economic development. Therefore, it's need of improving the enterprises' self-innovation ability, in order to improve the core competence of Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises and to achieve a leapfrog development of Shandong economy.
This thesis intends to study on the self-innovation ability of Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong province. Firstly, this thesis makes a comprehensive review of the related concepts of SME and self-innovation, discusses the main factors which impact self-innovation ability, and discusses the basic theory which is the evaluation index system of self-innovation and the selection of evaluation methods. Secondly, by studying "China Almanac for the Statistic of Science and Technology", "Shandong Almanac for The Statistic" and by collecting, sorting, statistics and concluding the other data, the thesis analyses the status of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises' self-innovation ability; then, based on the generalized analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the evaluation index system, this thesis sets up a evaluation index system from three aspects which are the innovation input capability, output capability and supporting ability, meanwhile, by using the factor analysis method, the article makes a objective and accurate evaluation of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises' self-innovation ability in Shandong, and the article tries to find out the key factors that limit the development of self-innovation ability are the poor innovation potential and the input-output ability; at last, learning other provinces which have successful experience in self-innovation, this thesis gives the countermeasures and suggestions of promoting the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises' self-innovation ability. The main conclusions of the research are as follows:
(1) The self-innovation ability of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong is in third in the twenty-eight provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.
(2) Compared with Guangdong, Jiangsu province, there are some problems of self-innovation for the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong, such as the shortage of innovation vigor and the imperfection of the production-study-research cooperation mechanism, especially, in the aspects of innovation potential, enterprise input intensity and government input intensity. The self-innovation ability of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong will be further developed.
本文以山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力为研究对象,首先综合述评了中小企业和自主创新能力的相关概念,探讨了影响自主创新能力的主要因素,并阐述了自主创新能力评价指标体系和评价方法等基本理论；其次,通过《中国科技统计年鉴》、《山东省统计年鉴》和其他相关数据的收集、整理、统计和归纳,对山东省中小型工业企业的自主创新能力现状进行分析；然后,在综合比较国内外自主创新评价指标体系的基础上,从创新投入能力、产出能力、支撑能力三方面建立指标体系,并采用因子分析法,客观、准确地对山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力进行评价,并找出制约其自主创新能力发展的主要原因是自主创新潜力和科技资金投入产出能力较差；最后,结合其他省份已有成功经验,从企业、政府、高校三个方面给出提高山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力的对策和建议。本研究的主要结论如下：
(1)山东省中小型工业企业的自主创新能力在全国28个省、自治区、直辖市中位于第三位,自主创新整体水平较高。
(2)与广东、江苏省相比,山东省中小型工业企业仍存在企业创新活力不足,产学研合作机制不完善等突出问题,特别在创新潜力、企业投入强度和政府投入强度方面与其他省份差距较大,山东省中小型工业企业自主创新能力有待进一步提高。
Along with the development of global economic integration, the enterprises' competition is more and more fierce. How to strengthen the competitive capacity is the enterprises' primary problem. Essentially, the competition between the enterprises is the competition of the innovation ability and the technical strength. While, how to improve the enterprises' self-innovation ability and the technological strength has become a common facing problem for the government, industry and scholars. As an industrial province, the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong take up a large proportion, its' self-innovation ability directly impacts the Shandong economic development. Therefore, it's need of improving the enterprises' self-innovation ability, in order to improve the core competence of Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises and to achieve a leapfrog development of Shandong economy.
This thesis intends to study on the self-innovation ability of Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong province. Firstly, this thesis makes a comprehensive review of the related concepts of SME and self-innovation, discusses the main factors which impact self-innovation ability, and discusses the basic theory which is the evaluation index system of self-innovation and the selection of evaluation methods. Secondly, by studying "China Almanac for the Statistic of Science and Technology", "Shandong Almanac for The Statistic" and by collecting, sorting, statistics and concluding the other data, the thesis analyses the status of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises' self-innovation ability; then, based on the generalized analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the evaluation index system, this thesis sets up a evaluation index system from three aspects which are the innovation input capability, output capability and supporting ability, meanwhile, by using the factor analysis method, the article makes a objective and accurate evaluation of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises' self-innovation ability in Shandong, and the article tries to find out the key factors that limit the development of self-innovation ability are the poor innovation potential and the input-output ability; at last, learning other provinces which have successful experience in self-innovation, this thesis gives the countermeasures and suggestions of promoting the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises' self-innovation ability. The main conclusions of the research are as follows:
(1) The self-innovation ability of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong is in third in the twenty-eight provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.
(2) Compared with Guangdong, Jiangsu province, there are some problems of self-innovation for the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong, such as the shortage of innovation vigor and the imperfection of the production-study-research cooperation mechanism, especially, in the aspects of innovation potential, enterprise input intensity and government input intensity. The self-innovation ability of the Small and Medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shandong will be further developed.
引文
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[18]秦颖.自主创新主体的再界定[J].经济问题,2007(12)：16-18.
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[20]孙冰,吴勇.地区自主创新能力评价指标体系的构建—以大中型工业企业为实例的研究[J].科技与经济,2006(4)：17-19.
[21]王春法.关于自主创新能力的几点思考[J].理论视野,2007(1)：48-50.
[22]宋河发,穆荣平.自主创新能力及其测度方法与实证研究—以高技术产业为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009(3)：73-80.
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[29]Mohamed S.M. Salem. An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Determine Benchmarking Criteria for Manufacturing Organizations[J]. International Journal of Trade, Economies and Finance,2010(7):1-5.
[30]范德成,沈红宇.基于AHP模糊综合评价法的黑龙江省装备制造业持续创新能力评价[J].科技管理研究,2010(8)：29-31.
[31]黄鹂鸽.新疆大中型企业自主创新模式选择研究[D]新疆：新疆大学,2009：31.
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[33]林平凡,高怡冰.企业自主技术创新能力评价指标体系研究[J].科技管理研究,2006(12)：40-43.
[34]孙冰,吴勇.基于集对分析法的地区大中型工业企业自主创新能力评价[J].价值工程,2007(2)：49-51.
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