尖山磷矿边坡监测及预测预报研究
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摘要
本文以尖山磷矿边坡为研究对象,在广泛地质调研的基础上,分析了尖山磷矿边坡的地质环境特征、工程地质特性、岩体结构特征,同时通过对国内外边坡监测方法和技术的适用性评价的基础上,建立TM30+GeoMos尖山磷矿边坡自动监测系统；根据监测过程中获取的监测数据,采用插补方法和奇异值检验方法对监测数据进行了预处理研究,在预处理研究和边坡滑移机理研究的基础上,对边坡的变形分析方法进行研究,分析了尖山磷矿边坡变形时空演化规律、变形特征和失稳模式。在边坡变形预测预报模型应用研究的基础上,结合边坡综合预报预警判据,开展了边坡综合预测预报方法研究。
通过尖山磷矿边坡的现场监测、变形分析、预测预报模型研究和预报预警判据研究,主要取得了以下研究成果：
(1)实现了尖山磷矿边坡自动监测。在对尖山磷矿边坡工程地质环境分析的基础上,确定该边坡监测以表面变形监测为主,辅以裂缝观测、巡视检查相结合的监测方案。在监测技术适用性分析的基础上,结合监测成本和监测效果等因素,确定了尖山磷矿边坡采用测量机器人技术对该边坡进行表面变形监测,建立TM30+GeoMos尖山磷矿边坡自动监测系统,实现了对尖山磷矿边坡进行实时、动态、自动监测。从监测结果反映的实际情况看,尖山磷矿边坡监测系统较为合理,获取的监测数据为边坡失稳破坏灾害的预测预报及工程治理效果分析提供了可靠的科学依据,与常规方法相比测量机器人具有效率高、精度高、自动化程度高、维护方便、运行成本低等优点。
(2)实现了尖山磷矿边坡变形的实时、动态综合分析。在对边坡的滑移机理进行分析的基础上,认为对边坡体上监测点的变形量的大小由监测点的位移量或位移速率来决定,边坡体上监测点的运动方向由位移矢量角和方位角来决定。传统的分析方法只考虑位移量或位移速率的大小,没有结合滑移方向来综合分析,这种分析方法不够全面。因此,本文提出综合位移-时间序列分析法、位移速率角分析法、位移矢量角分析法、和位移方位角分析法和三维位移矢量场分析法的边坡变形综合分析方法,编写边坡变形分析程序,实现了尖山磷矿边坡变形的实时、动态综合分析。
(3)提出了边坡变形三维位移矢量场分析方法。针对传统边坡变形二维位移矢量场分析方法的不足,本文提出了边坡变形三维位移矢量场图分析方法,分析得出尖山磷矿边坡整体的变形失稳模式为滑移-弯曲型,即边坡体上部呈整体下滑的趋势,监测点F1、F2、F3三个监测点隆起现象较为明显,边坡体在监测点F1、F2、F3周围的一定范围内已经发生了溃屈破坏。应用研究表明,该方法可以直观、准确地分析边坡变形特征及失稳模式,是分析边坡变形失稳模式的一种可靠的新方法。
(4)立边坡失稳破坏预报预警综合判据。根据边坡位移-时间过程曲线、边坡位移矢量角、边坡位移速率角、边坡位移方位角、边坡突变级数以及边坡宏观变形特征,采用定性分析和定量分析方法,建立了注意级(蓝色)、警示级(黄色)、警戒级(橙色)、预报级(红色)四个级别的多参数综合预警判据。
(5)现了尖山磷矿边坡动态、综合预测预报。将边坡失稳预测预报模型和预报预警判据相结合,开展了动态、综合预测预报方法研究,编写了综合预测预报程序。实现了尖山磷矿边坡动态、综合预测预报。当尖山磷矿边坡进入橙色预警时,及时发出预报,并提出了应急处置措施。该预测预报程序在尖山磷矿边坡的应用表明,该程序发挥了保证尖山磷矿露天采场安全、高效生产的作用,可在类似条件的边坡工程中加以推广应用。
Based on extensive geological investigation and analysis, the characteristics of the geological environment and rock mass structure of Jianshan open-pit mining slope are studied systematically and thoroughiy in this Paper. Based on the applicability evaluation of slope monitoring methods and techniques, the slope monitoring system of TM30+GeoMos has established on Jianshan open-pit mining slope;According to the monitoring data.uesed the method of interpolation and singular value to study. Based on the mechanism of slope slip to carry out the slope deformation analysis method, and analysis the deformation spatiotemporal evolution and instability mode of Jianshan open-pit mining slope.Based on the forecasting model of slope deformation application research.Combination the comprehensive prediction criterion, Research on forecasting method of the comprehensive prediction of slope.
By the deformation monitoring, analysising the deformation of slope, studying the the model and the warning criterion of forecast.The main results of this paper can be summed up as follows:
(1)The automatic monitoring system on Jianshan open-pit mining slope has achieved. Based on the analysis of engineering geological environment of Jianshan open-pit mining slope, designed combination of monitoring program of the surface deformation monitoring, rainfall monitoring and crack observation. Considering the monitoring technology economic benefit and the monitoring effect, used georobot automatic monitoring system to Jianshan open-pit mining slope remote monitoring and realized real-time, on-line and automatic monitoring of Jianshan open-pit mining slope.It is shown that Jianshan open-pit mining slope monitoring system is reasonable, and it has provided reliable scientific basis for prediction and analysis of the treatment effect of the project. Compared with the traditional monitoring technology, georobot automatic monitoring system has some advantages in accuracy, timeliness and automation.
(2)The comprehensive analysis method of slope deformation is presented. Based on analyzing the slip mechanism of slope, thinking of that the amount of deformation is determined by displacement or displacement rate, the direction of movement is determined by the slope of the displacement vector angle and azimuth angle. The traditional analysis method is only considering the displacement or the displacement rate, so this analysis method is incomplete. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis method of slope deformation is presented, which is combines the method displacement time series, the displacement vector angle, the azimuth angle and the three-dimensional displacement vector field. Application has been writed, which realized dynamic and comprehensive analysis the deformation of Jianshan open-pit mining slope.
(3)The analysis method of three dimensional displacement vector fields for slope deformation is presented. Used the three-dimensional displacement vector field graph to analysis the instability model of Jianshan open-pit mining slope which is sliding and bending model. The trend of the slope has been downward, the bulge phenomenon of monitoring points F1, F2. F3were more obvious, and which has been buckling failure. It shows that the method can visually, accurately analyze the deformation and stability of slope, which is new method for analysis the instability model of slope deformation.
(4)The early warning comprehensive criterion of slope has been established. According to the displacement-time graph.displacement vector angle,displacement rate angle, displacement azimuth, the characteristics of catastrophe progression macroscopic,using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to establish the attention level (blue) warning level (yellow), alert level (orange), forecast level (red) four-level multi-parameter warning criterion.
(5)The instability disaster prediction method of slope is presented. Combined the criterion forecast criterion and the prediction model to carry out dynamic and integrated forecasting research,and then the software of comprehensive forecasting have been writed. The dynamic and comprehensive forecasting of Jianshan open-pit mining slope have been achieved. When Jianshan open-pit mining slope into the orange alert, the forecasting has been issue timely and the measures to deal with emergencieshas been proposed. The forecasting software which has been used on Jianshan open-pit mining slope shows that it has been played a important role of safety and efficient production.and it can be applied in the similar conditions.
通过尖山磷矿边坡的现场监测、变形分析、预测预报模型研究和预报预警判据研究,主要取得了以下研究成果：
(1)实现了尖山磷矿边坡自动监测。在对尖山磷矿边坡工程地质环境分析的基础上,确定该边坡监测以表面变形监测为主,辅以裂缝观测、巡视检查相结合的监测方案。在监测技术适用性分析的基础上,结合监测成本和监测效果等因素,确定了尖山磷矿边坡采用测量机器人技术对该边坡进行表面变形监测,建立TM30+GeoMos尖山磷矿边坡自动监测系统,实现了对尖山磷矿边坡进行实时、动态、自动监测。从监测结果反映的实际情况看,尖山磷矿边坡监测系统较为合理,获取的监测数据为边坡失稳破坏灾害的预测预报及工程治理效果分析提供了可靠的科学依据,与常规方法相比测量机器人具有效率高、精度高、自动化程度高、维护方便、运行成本低等优点。
(2)实现了尖山磷矿边坡变形的实时、动态综合分析。在对边坡的滑移机理进行分析的基础上,认为对边坡体上监测点的变形量的大小由监测点的位移量或位移速率来决定,边坡体上监测点的运动方向由位移矢量角和方位角来决定。传统的分析方法只考虑位移量或位移速率的大小,没有结合滑移方向来综合分析,这种分析方法不够全面。因此,本文提出综合位移-时间序列分析法、位移速率角分析法、位移矢量角分析法、和位移方位角分析法和三维位移矢量场分析法的边坡变形综合分析方法,编写边坡变形分析程序,实现了尖山磷矿边坡变形的实时、动态综合分析。
(3)提出了边坡变形三维位移矢量场分析方法。针对传统边坡变形二维位移矢量场分析方法的不足,本文提出了边坡变形三维位移矢量场图分析方法,分析得出尖山磷矿边坡整体的变形失稳模式为滑移-弯曲型,即边坡体上部呈整体下滑的趋势,监测点F1、F2、F3三个监测点隆起现象较为明显,边坡体在监测点F1、F2、F3周围的一定范围内已经发生了溃屈破坏。应用研究表明,该方法可以直观、准确地分析边坡变形特征及失稳模式,是分析边坡变形失稳模式的一种可靠的新方法。
(4)立边坡失稳破坏预报预警综合判据。根据边坡位移-时间过程曲线、边坡位移矢量角、边坡位移速率角、边坡位移方位角、边坡突变级数以及边坡宏观变形特征,采用定性分析和定量分析方法,建立了注意级(蓝色)、警示级(黄色)、警戒级(橙色)、预报级(红色)四个级别的多参数综合预警判据。
(5)现了尖山磷矿边坡动态、综合预测预报。将边坡失稳预测预报模型和预报预警判据相结合,开展了动态、综合预测预报方法研究,编写了综合预测预报程序。实现了尖山磷矿边坡动态、综合预测预报。当尖山磷矿边坡进入橙色预警时,及时发出预报,并提出了应急处置措施。该预测预报程序在尖山磷矿边坡的应用表明,该程序发挥了保证尖山磷矿露天采场安全、高效生产的作用,可在类似条件的边坡工程中加以推广应用。
Based on extensive geological investigation and analysis, the characteristics of the geological environment and rock mass structure of Jianshan open-pit mining slope are studied systematically and thoroughiy in this Paper. Based on the applicability evaluation of slope monitoring methods and techniques, the slope monitoring system of TM30+GeoMos has established on Jianshan open-pit mining slope;According to the monitoring data.uesed the method of interpolation and singular value to study. Based on the mechanism of slope slip to carry out the slope deformation analysis method, and analysis the deformation spatiotemporal evolution and instability mode of Jianshan open-pit mining slope.Based on the forecasting model of slope deformation application research.Combination the comprehensive prediction criterion, Research on forecasting method of the comprehensive prediction of slope.
By the deformation monitoring, analysising the deformation of slope, studying the the model and the warning criterion of forecast.The main results of this paper can be summed up as follows:
(1)The automatic monitoring system on Jianshan open-pit mining slope has achieved. Based on the analysis of engineering geological environment of Jianshan open-pit mining slope, designed combination of monitoring program of the surface deformation monitoring, rainfall monitoring and crack observation. Considering the monitoring technology economic benefit and the monitoring effect, used georobot automatic monitoring system to Jianshan open-pit mining slope remote monitoring and realized real-time, on-line and automatic monitoring of Jianshan open-pit mining slope.It is shown that Jianshan open-pit mining slope monitoring system is reasonable, and it has provided reliable scientific basis for prediction and analysis of the treatment effect of the project. Compared with the traditional monitoring technology, georobot automatic monitoring system has some advantages in accuracy, timeliness and automation.
(2)The comprehensive analysis method of slope deformation is presented. Based on analyzing the slip mechanism of slope, thinking of that the amount of deformation is determined by displacement or displacement rate, the direction of movement is determined by the slope of the displacement vector angle and azimuth angle. The traditional analysis method is only considering the displacement or the displacement rate, so this analysis method is incomplete. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis method of slope deformation is presented, which is combines the method displacement time series, the displacement vector angle, the azimuth angle and the three-dimensional displacement vector field. Application has been writed, which realized dynamic and comprehensive analysis the deformation of Jianshan open-pit mining slope.
(3)The analysis method of three dimensional displacement vector fields for slope deformation is presented. Used the three-dimensional displacement vector field graph to analysis the instability model of Jianshan open-pit mining slope which is sliding and bending model. The trend of the slope has been downward, the bulge phenomenon of monitoring points F1, F2. F3were more obvious, and which has been buckling failure. It shows that the method can visually, accurately analyze the deformation and stability of slope, which is new method for analysis the instability model of slope deformation.
(4)The early warning comprehensive criterion of slope has been established. According to the displacement-time graph.displacement vector angle,displacement rate angle, displacement azimuth, the characteristics of catastrophe progression macroscopic,using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to establish the attention level (blue) warning level (yellow), alert level (orange), forecast level (red) four-level multi-parameter warning criterion.
(5)The instability disaster prediction method of slope is presented. Combined the criterion forecast criterion and the prediction model to carry out dynamic and integrated forecasting research,and then the software of comprehensive forecasting have been writed. The dynamic and comprehensive forecasting of Jianshan open-pit mining slope have been achieved. When Jianshan open-pit mining slope into the orange alert, the forecasting has been issue timely and the measures to deal with emergencieshas been proposed. The forecasting software which has been used on Jianshan open-pit mining slope shows that it has been played a important role of safety and efficient production.and it can be applied in the similar conditions.
引文
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