非面向对象系统中对象抽取方法的研究与实现
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摘要
传统的面向过程的程序设计方法设计出来的软件模块独立性差，模块之间的耦合度往往比较高，从而造成系统后期维护上存在较大的困难。将其转换成等价的面向对象系统可以提高软件的可理解性、可重用性和可靠性。由于在非面向对象系统中没有与对象直接对应的概念，因此目前提出了大量的对象抽取方法，通过逆向工程思维，将非面向对象系统转换为面向对象系统。
本文基于模块性质对对象抽取方法及相关内容进行了深入研究，引入子程序——类型关系图来表示程序中类型和子程序之间的关系，讨论了模块内聚性的几个度量准则，并分析了增删子程序对模块内聚度的影响。在此基础上，提出了基于模块内聚性的对象抽取算法。
Independence of module is bad and coupling between modules is always high in legacy systems written in conventional procedural languages. Transforming legacy systems into equivalent object-oriented systems makes software more maintainable,reliable and understandable. However,there is no concept directly corresponding to objects in non object-oriented systems. A lot of object-extraction approaches for extracting objects from legacy systems into object-oriented systems. The paper did a lot of in-depth research about object-extracting approach on module features. An subprogram-type graph is introduced to represent the relation between subprograms and types in programs. Several module cohesion metrics are discussed,and the effects of adding a subprogram to or deleting a subprogram from a module are analyzed based on module cohesion. An object-extracting algorithm is proposed.
本文基于模块性质对对象抽取方法及相关内容进行了深入研究，引入子程序——类型关系图来表示程序中类型和子程序之间的关系，讨论了模块内聚性的几个度量准则，并分析了增删子程序对模块内聚度的影响。在此基础上，提出了基于模块内聚性的对象抽取算法。
Independence of module is bad and coupling between modules is always high in legacy systems written in conventional procedural languages. Transforming legacy systems into equivalent object-oriented systems makes software more maintainable,reliable and understandable. However,there is no concept directly corresponding to objects in non object-oriented systems. A lot of object-extraction approaches for extracting objects from legacy systems into object-oriented systems. The paper did a lot of in-depth research about object-extracting approach on module features. An subprogram-type graph is introduced to represent the relation between subprograms and types in programs. Several module cohesion metrics are discussed,and the effects of adding a subprogram to or deleting a subprogram from a module are analyzed based on module cohesion. An object-extracting algorithm is proposed.
引文
[1]江明德，面向对象程序设计，电子工业出版社，1994
[2]王燕，面向对象的理论与C++实践，清华大学出版社
[3]徐宝文 周毓明，对象抽取方法研究与进展，计算机科学，2001
[4]刘振安，面向对象程序设计，经济科学出版社，1999
[5]周毓明 徐宝文，一种利用模块内聚性的对象抽取方法，软件学报，2001
[6]Canfora G, Cimitile A, Munro M.A Reverse Engineering Method for Identifying Reusable Abstract Data Types. Proc. of the First IEEE Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland:IEEE Computer Soc. Press, 1993
[7]Ogando R, Yau S, Liu S, Wilde N. An Object Finder for Program Structure Understanding in Software Maintance. Software Maintenance:Research and Practice, 1994
[8]Liu S, Wilde N. Identifying Objects in a Conventional Procedural Language:An Example of Data Design Recovery. Proc. of the IEEE Conf. on Software Maintance, San Diego, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press, 1990
[9]Li Bang-qing, Xu Bao-wen, Yu Hui-ming. Transforming Ada severing tasks into protected objects. Proceedings of the ACM SIGAda Annual International Conference. Washington, DC:ACM Press, 1998
[10]Pidaparthi S, Zedan H, Luker Z. Resource Usage Matrix in Object Identification and Design Transformation of Legacy Procedural Software. 14th Automatic Software Engineering Conference.
[11]Canfora G. Cimitile A, Munro M. An Improved Algorithm for Identifying Reusable Objects in Code. Software Practice and Experence.
[12]Godin R, Mili H. Building and Maintaining Analysis-level Class Hierarchies Using Galois Lattices. ACM SIGPLAN Notices.
[13]Livadas P, Johnson T.A New Approach to Finding Objects in Programs. Journal of Software Maintenance:Research and Practice, 1994
[14]Zhou Y, Xu B. Extracting Objects of Ada Programs Using Module Features. Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Software Maintenance, IEEE Society Press, Oxford, 1999
[15]Snelting G. Reengineering of Configurations Based on Mathematical Concept Analysis. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 1996
[16]Yourdon E. Constantine L L. Structured Design Fundamentals of a Discipline of Computer Program and Systems Design(2nd Edition), Yourdon Press, New York, 1979
[17]Purtilo J, Swiss T, White E. Extracting Program Structure for Packaging in a Component-based Environment Computer Language, 1995
[18]Cimitile A, Lucia A, Lucca G, Fasolin A. Identifying Objects in Legacy Systems Using Design Metrics. The Journal of Systems and Software, 1999
[19]Birkhoff O. Lattice Theory. American Mathematical Society, 1940
[20]Pedrycz Witold , Waletky James. Fuzzy Clustering in Software Reusability. Software-Practice and Experience, 1997
[21]Myers G J. Composite/Structured Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York,1978
[2]王燕，面向对象的理论与C++实践，清华大学出版社
[3]徐宝文 周毓明，对象抽取方法研究与进展，计算机科学，2001
[4]刘振安，面向对象程序设计，经济科学出版社，1999
[5]周毓明 徐宝文，一种利用模块内聚性的对象抽取方法，软件学报，2001
[6]Canfora G, Cimitile A, Munro M.A Reverse Engineering Method for Identifying Reusable Abstract Data Types. Proc. of the First IEEE Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland:IEEE Computer Soc. Press, 1993
[7]Ogando R, Yau S, Liu S, Wilde N. An Object Finder for Program Structure Understanding in Software Maintance. Software Maintenance:Research and Practice, 1994
[8]Liu S, Wilde N. Identifying Objects in a Conventional Procedural Language:An Example of Data Design Recovery. Proc. of the IEEE Conf. on Software Maintance, San Diego, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press, 1990
[9]Li Bang-qing, Xu Bao-wen, Yu Hui-ming. Transforming Ada severing tasks into protected objects. Proceedings of the ACM SIGAda Annual International Conference. Washington, DC:ACM Press, 1998
[10]Pidaparthi S, Zedan H, Luker Z. Resource Usage Matrix in Object Identification and Design Transformation of Legacy Procedural Software. 14th Automatic Software Engineering Conference.
[11]Canfora G. Cimitile A, Munro M. An Improved Algorithm for Identifying Reusable Objects in Code. Software Practice and Experence.
[12]Godin R, Mili H. Building and Maintaining Analysis-level Class Hierarchies Using Galois Lattices. ACM SIGPLAN Notices.
[13]Livadas P, Johnson T.A New Approach to Finding Objects in Programs. Journal of Software Maintenance:Research and Practice, 1994
[14]Zhou Y, Xu B. Extracting Objects of Ada Programs Using Module Features. Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Software Maintenance, IEEE Society Press, Oxford, 1999
[15]Snelting G. Reengineering of Configurations Based on Mathematical Concept Analysis. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 1996
[16]Yourdon E. Constantine L L. Structured Design Fundamentals of a Discipline of Computer Program and Systems Design(2nd Edition), Yourdon Press, New York, 1979
[17]Purtilo J, Swiss T, White E. Extracting Program Structure for Packaging in a Component-based Environment Computer Language, 1995
[18]Cimitile A, Lucia A, Lucca G, Fasolin A. Identifying Objects in Legacy Systems Using Design Metrics. The Journal of Systems and Software, 1999
[19]Birkhoff O. Lattice Theory. American Mathematical Society, 1940
[20]Pedrycz Witold , Waletky James. Fuzzy Clustering in Software Reusability. Software-Practice and Experience, 1997
[21]Myers G J. Composite/Structured Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York,1978