半填半挖路基差异沉降分析研究
|
摘要
近些年来,在高等级公路的建设过程中,频繁遇到半填半挖路基的修筑问题。由于半填半挖路基一侧为原状路基,一侧为新填路基,所以交界面两侧土的物理力学性质有很大的差别,再加上沉降时间不同,成为很难解决的工程问题。要解决上述问题,最可行、最经济的办法就是采取合理的路基结构,减小差异沉降,加强新填路基和原状路基间的整体性。
对于山区半填半挖路基,可以采用土工合成材料(如土工格栅、土工格室等),一方面靠土工合成材料的抗拉强度增加新填部分和原状路基之间结构联系,使两者具有足够的整体性,另一方面可明显减少半填半挖路基的不均匀沉降。
本文根据绍怀高速公路溆浦连接线半填半挖路基的实际情况,在室内进行了三组半填半挖路基的模型试验。模型试验原状路基用加石灰土,以模拟原状路基的先期固结沉降和强度差别,新填路基采用不加石灰土,模拟施工顺序分层填筑。加载装置采用砝码进行重力加载,模型试验的沉降和应力采用沉降标和压力盒进行测量。试验数据表明,土工材料的效果明显,并根据试验数据系统分析了土工材料的在半填半挖路基中的作用效果和力学机理。
另外,本文还以工程实例为背景,拟定比较合理的半填半挖路基结构,并运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS进行有限元分析。为了更好的模拟现场情况,采用ANSYS软件的生死单元的功能,先计算地基和原状路基在自重下的沉降和应力,再读取初始应力场,然后分层填筑新路基。就不同半填半挖路基结构在不同的情况(主要指不同的路基高度、路基宽度、不同地基模量、不同的加筋材料和不同加筋层数等)下,对土工合成材料减少半填半挖不均匀沉降的效果进行分析计算,结果表明,土工格栅,特别是土工格室对减小路基的差异沉降和使路基内部的应力均匀化效果显著。讨论了半填半挖路基在不同情况下的变形特征和沉降规律。
最后,本文根据实际情况建立了车辆的简化加载模型,模拟了车辆在路面上的瞬时动载情况。结果表明,加土工材料不管是对车辆动载的瞬时最大沉降和循环荷载下的最终沉降都效果显著。
In recent years, in the process of high-grade highway construction, we often encounter the construction of the cut and fill sub-grade.Because on one-side of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed is original state but the another is new, so they are qutie different from the the physical mechanics properties of soil, And the time is different, so that the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed is a difficult problem of the project. The most economic and feasible approach to solve the question is to select a correct ambankment structure, to improve the whole and lateral stability between the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed.
In the mountain area, geosynthetics (such as geotextile, geogrid and so on) can be used as a treamment in the process of widening the original state on ground. On the one hand, the tensile strength of geosynthetics can reinforce the structural association between the the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed, and make them have enough entirety. On the other hand, geosynthetics can greatly reduce non-uniform settlement of the the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed.
In this paper, according to the Xvpu connecting line of Shao-Huai highway, three model experiments of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed are maked. For simulation concretion settlement and different intension, calcareousness soil is used to simulate original state roadbed. The new roadbed is primed layered by soil. The load device is weight. The settlement and stress of the model experiment are measured by settlement sign and pressure box. The results of experiment show that the result of the geosynthetics is obvious. At last, the action mechanism of geosynthetics in the soil is analyzed systematically.
What's more, the paper based on a project example, suggested a rational Bankment structure by using finite element software-ANSYS. For simulation the fact, the life and death element of the software-ANSYS is used to simulate the original stress,then the new roadbed is primed layered. according to diferent environment of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed on ground (including different height of embankment, different width, and diferent subgrade modulus, diferent Geosynthetics different lays and so on), the paper also analyzed the efects of the geosynthetics which reducing the non-uniform settlement of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed, the results show that the result of the geosynthetics is obvious to reduce different settlement and stress concentration. The deformation characteristics and setlement rule of the widening embankment structure is analyzed.
Then a simple model in load of vehicles is built to simulate the transient state and analyze the difference between reinforced and unreinforced. The results show that the geosynthetics have obvious effect on transient settlement and finally settlement.
对于山区半填半挖路基,可以采用土工合成材料(如土工格栅、土工格室等),一方面靠土工合成材料的抗拉强度增加新填部分和原状路基之间结构联系,使两者具有足够的整体性,另一方面可明显减少半填半挖路基的不均匀沉降。
本文根据绍怀高速公路溆浦连接线半填半挖路基的实际情况,在室内进行了三组半填半挖路基的模型试验。模型试验原状路基用加石灰土,以模拟原状路基的先期固结沉降和强度差别,新填路基采用不加石灰土,模拟施工顺序分层填筑。加载装置采用砝码进行重力加载,模型试验的沉降和应力采用沉降标和压力盒进行测量。试验数据表明,土工材料的效果明显,并根据试验数据系统分析了土工材料的在半填半挖路基中的作用效果和力学机理。
另外,本文还以工程实例为背景,拟定比较合理的半填半挖路基结构,并运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS进行有限元分析。为了更好的模拟现场情况,采用ANSYS软件的生死单元的功能,先计算地基和原状路基在自重下的沉降和应力,再读取初始应力场,然后分层填筑新路基。就不同半填半挖路基结构在不同的情况(主要指不同的路基高度、路基宽度、不同地基模量、不同的加筋材料和不同加筋层数等)下,对土工合成材料减少半填半挖不均匀沉降的效果进行分析计算,结果表明,土工格栅,特别是土工格室对减小路基的差异沉降和使路基内部的应力均匀化效果显著。讨论了半填半挖路基在不同情况下的变形特征和沉降规律。
最后,本文根据实际情况建立了车辆的简化加载模型,模拟了车辆在路面上的瞬时动载情况。结果表明,加土工材料不管是对车辆动载的瞬时最大沉降和循环荷载下的最终沉降都效果显著。
In recent years, in the process of high-grade highway construction, we often encounter the construction of the cut and fill sub-grade.Because on one-side of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed is original state but the another is new, so they are qutie different from the the physical mechanics properties of soil, And the time is different, so that the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed is a difficult problem of the project. The most economic and feasible approach to solve the question is to select a correct ambankment structure, to improve the whole and lateral stability between the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed.
In the mountain area, geosynthetics (such as geotextile, geogrid and so on) can be used as a treamment in the process of widening the original state on ground. On the one hand, the tensile strength of geosynthetics can reinforce the structural association between the the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed, and make them have enough entirety. On the other hand, geosynthetics can greatly reduce non-uniform settlement of the the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed.
In this paper, according to the Xvpu connecting line of Shao-Huai highway, three model experiments of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed are maked. For simulation concretion settlement and different intension, calcareousness soil is used to simulate original state roadbed. The new roadbed is primed layered by soil. The load device is weight. The settlement and stress of the model experiment are measured by settlement sign and pressure box. The results of experiment show that the result of the geosynthetics is obvious. At last, the action mechanism of geosynthetics in the soil is analyzed systematically.
What's more, the paper based on a project example, suggested a rational Bankment structure by using finite element software-ANSYS. For simulation the fact, the life and death element of the software-ANSYS is used to simulate the original stress,then the new roadbed is primed layered. according to diferent environment of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed on ground (including different height of embankment, different width, and diferent subgrade modulus, diferent Geosynthetics different lays and so on), the paper also analyzed the efects of the geosynthetics which reducing the non-uniform settlement of the cut and fill sub-grade roadbed, the results show that the result of the geosynthetics is obvious to reduce different settlement and stress concentration. The deformation characteristics and setlement rule of the widening embankment structure is analyzed.
Then a simple model in load of vehicles is built to simulate the transient state and analyze the difference between reinforced and unreinforced. The results show that the geosynthetics have obvious effect on transient settlement and finally settlement.
引文
[1] 习近祥.湖南高等级公路路面设计实践与认识.湖南交通科技,1992,18(1):7-16
[2] 孙亚萍,沈明.注浆锚管加固高填方边坡的应用.华东公路,1999,(3):21-23
[3] 王生俊.化学加固法在黄土地区高速公路中的应用.中外公路,2003,23(4):93-95
[4] 云南省公路学会,云南玉元高速公路建设指挥部.山区高速公路建设与管理—云南玉溪至元江高速公路.北京:人民交通出版社,2002,1-60
[5] 周志刚,郑健龙,李强.土工格网处理填挖交界路基非均匀沉降的机理分析.岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):576-579
[6] 周志刚,郑健龙,李强.土工加筋材料处治填挖交界路基非均匀沉降设计方法研究.中国公路学报,2003,16(1):27-31
[7] 山西省交通科技成果汇编,高速公路半填半挖路基滑移沉陷成因分析与治理对策研究.2000,39-80
[8] 郝晓燕,武移风,虞丽云.半填半挖式高填深挖路基病害成因分析.山西省高速公路管理局主编.高速公路文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,205-209
[9] 王园,禹忠耀,武移风等.高速公路横向半填半挖路基特殊病害研究.中国公路学会道路工程学会,新疆吾尔自治区交通厅编.2000 年道路工程学术交流会论文集——国道主干线建设的关键技术与质量控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,303-307
[10] 王园,半填半挖式路基病害数据本构分析研究.中国公路学会 2000 学术交流论文集.2000,62-67
[11] 张兴强,陈波,阎澎旺,邓卫东.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析.中国港湾建设编.2000,(6):41-44
[12] 张兴强.循环荷载作用下土工格删加筋路基路面受力受力变形特性的研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2000,61-80
[13] 邓卫东,张兴强,陈波等.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析.中国公路学报.2004,17(1):12-15
[14] 钱劲松.新老路基不协调变形及控制技术研究:[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2004,30-50
[15] 孙四平.加宽路基上路面结构分析与处治技术研究:[同济大学博士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2004,35-70
[16] 黄琴龙基于不协调变形控制的路基拓宽设计理论与方法:[同济大学博士学位论文].2005,45-63
[17] 梁仕森.保证土质公路路基压实度的探讨.广西交通科技,1996,21(3):20-23
[18] 罗良繁,李永龙.半填半挖路基的施工.水运工程,2003,(8):69-70
[19] 邓卫东,张兴强,陈波等.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析.中国公路学报,2004,17(1):12-15
[20] 张兴强,陈波,闫澎旺等. 路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析[J].中国港湾建设,2000,12(6):41-44
[21] 曹映.公路路基施工应注意的质量问题.露天采煤技术,2002,(5):19-21.
[22] 谭继承.半挖半填高填方路基加固施工技术.山西建筑,2004,30(3):106-107
[23] 宋继先,姜涛,牛树伟.处理高填方路基下沉的措施.黑龙江交通科,2003,(6):19-20
[24] 韩字乐.沟谷高填方路基施工质量的控制.广西交通科技(增刊),1997,4(7):31-32
[25] 史志勇.挖方路基施工方法简介.建筑工程,2002,23(1):11-12
[26] 邵建梁.高填方路基分层铺设土工格栅验算方法探讨.兰州石化职业技术学院报,2003,3(2):20-23
[27] 王晋明,李国华,孙林.高填方路基沉陷分析及防治措施.林业科技,2002,27(1):59-61
[28] 刘以波,穆道责,木根芳.古滑坡体复活的治理设计与施工.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2004,(1):38-40
[29] 沈珠江.结构性粘土的堆砌体模型.岩土力学,2000,21(1):1-4
[30] 胡卸文,李群丰,赵泽三等.裂隙性粘土的力学特性.岩土工程学报,1994,6(4):81-88
[31] 黄晓明,朱湘.公路土工合成材料应用原理.人民交通出版社,2001:21-60
[32] 周志刚,郑健龙.老路拓宽设计方法的研究.长沙交通学院学报,1995,11(3):50-56
[33] 杨锡武.公路水泥混凝土路面典型结构设计方法.北京:人民交通出版社,2002:60-86
[34] 王华中.水泥混凝土路面早期损坏与养护.中外公路,2002,22(2):28-29
[35] 唐伯明,王永新.旧路改造地段水泥路面早期损坏的原因与防治.华东公路, 1992,(6):16-18
[36] 罗翥,傅智,刘清泉等.水泥混凝土路面路基,基层及封层的检查与修整.公路,2003,(7):42-45
[37] 罗恒.耒宜高速(南段)路基沉降监测及分析.长沙铁道学院学报,2002,20(2):98-103
[38] 罗恒,卿笃干,钟辉亚等.变形监测在耒宜高速公路路基工程中的应用.地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(1):37-40
[39] 刘敢峰.省道 S323 线 K13+600～+652 高填方边坡治理.广东公路交通,2004,(3):42-44
[40] A.Jewell. The mechanics of reinforced embankments on soft soils. G eotextiles and Geomembranes, 1988, (7): 237-273
[41] B.R.Christopher & R.R.Berg. Pullout evaluation of geosynthetics in cohesive soils, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on geotextiles, geomembranes and related products, the Haugue, Netherlands, 1990, 731-736
[42] E.M.Palmeira & G. WE. Milligan. Large scale pull-out tests on geotextiles and geogrids, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on geotextiles, Geomembranes and related products, the Haugue, Netherlands, 1990, 743-746
[43] Shukla,Sanjay kumar. Effect of prestressing on the settlement characteristics of geosythetic-reinforced soil. Geotext Geomember v 13 n 8 1994 Elsevier Applied Science Publ Ltd, Oxford, Engl, 1993, 243-346
[44] S. K. Shukla, S.Chandra. A study on new mechanical madel for foundations and its elastic settlement response. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1996, 6(20): 36-63
[45] Yin Jianhua. A one-dimensional geosynthetic-reinforced foundation model with non-linear support. Chinese Journal of Goetechnical Engineering, 1998, 20(1): 45-50
[46] Yogarajah, I, Yeo, K. C. Finite element modeling of pull-out tests with load strain measurements. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 1994(1): 63-68
[47] 程环.土工织物加筋坝软基的非线性有限元分析.全国第二届土工合成材料学术会议论文集,1990,9-36
[48] 徐少曼,洪昌华.土工织物加筋堤坝软基的非线性分析.岩土工程学报.1999,21(4):33-36
[49] 喻泽红,韩理安.土工网处理桥头差异沉降的有限元分析.岩土工程学报.1996,16(6):15-19
[50] 喻泽红, 张起森.土工网与土相互作用机理的有限元分析.岩土工程学报.1997,17(3):21-24
[51] 周志刚,张起森,郑健龙.土工格栅加固碎石桩复合地基的机理分析.土木工程学报,1998,31(3):41-46
[52] 闫澎旺,BenBarr.土工格栅与土相互作用的有限元分析.岩土工程学报.1997,18(6):72-76
[53] 沈珠江.Limit analysis of soft ground reinforced by geosyntheticso. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1998, 20(4): 46-50
[54] 殷建华. A one-dimensional geosynthetic-reinforced model with non-linear spring support. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1998, 20(1): 34-37
[55] 徐少曼,林瑞良.提高土工织物加筋效果的新途径.岩土工程学报.1997,17(2):42-45
[56] 徐少曼.堤坝下软基土工织物加筋效果与尺寸效应.岩土工程学报.1999,21(1):32-36
[57] 介玉新,李广信.加筋土数值计算的等效附加应力法.岩土工程学报.1999,21(5):62-66
[58] 邓学钧.路基路面工程.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.(Deng Xuejun. Subgrade and Application of Geosynthetics to Road Engineering [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2000. (in Chinese)). 2000, 96-113
[59] 刘汉龙,吴维军,高玉峰.土工织物加固堤防非线性有限元分析.岩土力学, 2003,24 (1):67-69
[60] 王林玉,谢永利等.循环荷载作用下路面模型试验研究.西安公路交通大学学报,1999, 4:86-91
[61] 邓卫东,张兴强等.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析. 中国公路学报,2004,17 (1):67-71
[62] 邓学钧,黄卫,黄晓明.路面结构计算和设计电算方法.南京:东南大学出版社,1997:23-96
[63] Hyodo M, Yasuhara K. Analytical procedure for evaluating pore-water pressure and deformation of saturated clay ground subjected to traffic loads. Proc.6th.Int. Conf. On Num Meth. in Geomech, 1988, 66-73
[64] 黄仰贤.路面分析与设计.人民交通出版社,1998:34-78
[2] 孙亚萍,沈明.注浆锚管加固高填方边坡的应用.华东公路,1999,(3):21-23
[3] 王生俊.化学加固法在黄土地区高速公路中的应用.中外公路,2003,23(4):93-95
[4] 云南省公路学会,云南玉元高速公路建设指挥部.山区高速公路建设与管理—云南玉溪至元江高速公路.北京:人民交通出版社,2002,1-60
[5] 周志刚,郑健龙,李强.土工格网处理填挖交界路基非均匀沉降的机理分析.岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):576-579
[6] 周志刚,郑健龙,李强.土工加筋材料处治填挖交界路基非均匀沉降设计方法研究.中国公路学报,2003,16(1):27-31
[7] 山西省交通科技成果汇编,高速公路半填半挖路基滑移沉陷成因分析与治理对策研究.2000,39-80
[8] 郝晓燕,武移风,虞丽云.半填半挖式高填深挖路基病害成因分析.山西省高速公路管理局主编.高速公路文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,205-209
[9] 王园,禹忠耀,武移风等.高速公路横向半填半挖路基特殊病害研究.中国公路学会道路工程学会,新疆吾尔自治区交通厅编.2000 年道路工程学术交流会论文集——国道主干线建设的关键技术与质量控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,303-307
[10] 王园,半填半挖式路基病害数据本构分析研究.中国公路学会 2000 学术交流论文集.2000,62-67
[11] 张兴强,陈波,阎澎旺,邓卫东.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析.中国港湾建设编.2000,(6):41-44
[12] 张兴强.循环荷载作用下土工格删加筋路基路面受力受力变形特性的研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2000,61-80
[13] 邓卫东,张兴强,陈波等.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析.中国公路学报.2004,17(1):12-15
[14] 钱劲松.新老路基不协调变形及控制技术研究:[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2004,30-50
[15] 孙四平.加宽路基上路面结构分析与处治技术研究:[同济大学博士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2004,35-70
[16] 黄琴龙基于不协调变形控制的路基拓宽设计理论与方法:[同济大学博士学位论文].2005,45-63
[17] 梁仕森.保证土质公路路基压实度的探讨.广西交通科技,1996,21(3):20-23
[18] 罗良繁,李永龙.半填半挖路基的施工.水运工程,2003,(8):69-70
[19] 邓卫东,张兴强,陈波等.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析.中国公路学报,2004,17(1):12-15
[20] 张兴强,陈波,闫澎旺等. 路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析[J].中国港湾建设,2000,12(6):41-44
[21] 曹映.公路路基施工应注意的质量问题.露天采煤技术,2002,(5):19-21.
[22] 谭继承.半挖半填高填方路基加固施工技术.山西建筑,2004,30(3):106-107
[23] 宋继先,姜涛,牛树伟.处理高填方路基下沉的措施.黑龙江交通科,2003,(6):19-20
[24] 韩字乐.沟谷高填方路基施工质量的控制.广西交通科技(增刊),1997,4(7):31-32
[25] 史志勇.挖方路基施工方法简介.建筑工程,2002,23(1):11-12
[26] 邵建梁.高填方路基分层铺设土工格栅验算方法探讨.兰州石化职业技术学院报,2003,3(2):20-23
[27] 王晋明,李国华,孙林.高填方路基沉陷分析及防治措施.林业科技,2002,27(1):59-61
[28] 刘以波,穆道责,木根芳.古滑坡体复活的治理设计与施工.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2004,(1):38-40
[29] 沈珠江.结构性粘土的堆砌体模型.岩土力学,2000,21(1):1-4
[30] 胡卸文,李群丰,赵泽三等.裂隙性粘土的力学特性.岩土工程学报,1994,6(4):81-88
[31] 黄晓明,朱湘.公路土工合成材料应用原理.人民交通出版社,2001:21-60
[32] 周志刚,郑健龙.老路拓宽设计方法的研究.长沙交通学院学报,1995,11(3):50-56
[33] 杨锡武.公路水泥混凝土路面典型结构设计方法.北京:人民交通出版社,2002:60-86
[34] 王华中.水泥混凝土路面早期损坏与养护.中外公路,2002,22(2):28-29
[35] 唐伯明,王永新.旧路改造地段水泥路面早期损坏的原因与防治.华东公路, 1992,(6):16-18
[36] 罗翥,傅智,刘清泉等.水泥混凝土路面路基,基层及封层的检查与修整.公路,2003,(7):42-45
[37] 罗恒.耒宜高速(南段)路基沉降监测及分析.长沙铁道学院学报,2002,20(2):98-103
[38] 罗恒,卿笃干,钟辉亚等.变形监测在耒宜高速公路路基工程中的应用.地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(1):37-40
[39] 刘敢峰.省道 S323 线 K13+600～+652 高填方边坡治理.广东公路交通,2004,(3):42-44
[40] A.Jewell. The mechanics of reinforced embankments on soft soils. G eotextiles and Geomembranes, 1988, (7): 237-273
[41] B.R.Christopher & R.R.Berg. Pullout evaluation of geosynthetics in cohesive soils, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on geotextiles, geomembranes and related products, the Haugue, Netherlands, 1990, 731-736
[42] E.M.Palmeira & G. WE. Milligan. Large scale pull-out tests on geotextiles and geogrids, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on geotextiles, Geomembranes and related products, the Haugue, Netherlands, 1990, 743-746
[43] Shukla,Sanjay kumar. Effect of prestressing on the settlement characteristics of geosythetic-reinforced soil. Geotext Geomember v 13 n 8 1994 Elsevier Applied Science Publ Ltd, Oxford, Engl, 1993, 243-346
[44] S. K. Shukla, S.Chandra. A study on new mechanical madel for foundations and its elastic settlement response. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1996, 6(20): 36-63
[45] Yin Jianhua. A one-dimensional geosynthetic-reinforced foundation model with non-linear support. Chinese Journal of Goetechnical Engineering, 1998, 20(1): 45-50
[46] Yogarajah, I, Yeo, K. C. Finite element modeling of pull-out tests with load strain measurements. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 1994(1): 63-68
[47] 程环.土工织物加筋坝软基的非线性有限元分析.全国第二届土工合成材料学术会议论文集,1990,9-36
[48] 徐少曼,洪昌华.土工织物加筋堤坝软基的非线性分析.岩土工程学报.1999,21(4):33-36
[49] 喻泽红,韩理安.土工网处理桥头差异沉降的有限元分析.岩土工程学报.1996,16(6):15-19
[50] 喻泽红, 张起森.土工网与土相互作用机理的有限元分析.岩土工程学报.1997,17(3):21-24
[51] 周志刚,张起森,郑健龙.土工格栅加固碎石桩复合地基的机理分析.土木工程学报,1998,31(3):41-46
[52] 闫澎旺,BenBarr.土工格栅与土相互作用的有限元分析.岩土工程学报.1997,18(6):72-76
[53] 沈珠江.Limit analysis of soft ground reinforced by geosyntheticso. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1998, 20(4): 46-50
[54] 殷建华. A one-dimensional geosynthetic-reinforced model with non-linear spring support. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1998, 20(1): 34-37
[55] 徐少曼,林瑞良.提高土工织物加筋效果的新途径.岩土工程学报.1997,17(2):42-45
[56] 徐少曼.堤坝下软基土工织物加筋效果与尺寸效应.岩土工程学报.1999,21(1):32-36
[57] 介玉新,李广信.加筋土数值计算的等效附加应力法.岩土工程学报.1999,21(5):62-66
[58] 邓学钧.路基路面工程.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.(Deng Xuejun. Subgrade and Application of Geosynthetics to Road Engineering [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2000. (in Chinese)). 2000, 96-113
[59] 刘汉龙,吴维军,高玉峰.土工织物加固堤防非线性有限元分析.岩土力学, 2003,24 (1):67-69
[60] 王林玉,谢永利等.循环荷载作用下路面模型试验研究.西安公路交通大学学报,1999, 4:86-91
[61] 邓卫东,张兴强等.路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析. 中国公路学报,2004,17 (1):67-71
[62] 邓学钧,黄卫,黄晓明.路面结构计算和设计电算方法.南京:东南大学出版社,1997:23-96
[63] Hyodo M, Yasuhara K. Analytical procedure for evaluating pore-water pressure and deformation of saturated clay ground subjected to traffic loads. Proc.6th.Int. Conf. On Num Meth. in Geomech, 1988, 66-73
[64] 黄仰贤.路面分析与设计.人民交通出版社,1998:34-78
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |