木材过渡切削过程中的声发射特性研究
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摘要
声发射技术作为一种全新的无损检测方法,在发达国家已得到广泛应用。国外对木材加工中的声发射已有了一些研究和一定程度的应用。在国内木材加工领域内,声发射技术也已逐步在木材及其制品的非破坏检测及干燥应力的监测等方面得到了应用;但在木材切削方面的应用还较欠缺。本文主要研究了木材过渡切削过程中的声发射特性以及年轮对声发射的影响。主要研究内容与工作如下:
1.针对铣削加工中刀具与工件都在运动的实际情况,探索了声发射传感器安装位置。对采集到的声发射信号进行消噪处理。针对木材切削中的声发射信号,提出了行之有效的消噪方法,应用Matlab小波工具箱编程实现信号消噪。
2.分析了木材切削过程中的声发射源。通过分析一个切削周期中的声发射信号,得出切削厚度对声发射的影响尤为明显。切屑越厚,产生的声发射愈加强烈;切屑越薄,产生的声发射越微弱。
3.纵端向过渡切削过程中,通过参数分析和波形分析两种方法研究声发射特性。比较了声发射均方根值和计数率这两个参数的优劣,探讨了纵端向切削过程中的声发射源,分析了振铃计数与粗糙度值之间的关系。
4.纵横向过渡切削过程中,对声发射均方根值与振铃计数进行比较,分析了纵横向过渡切削时的声发射源,并且建立粗糙度值与振铃计数之间的关系。
5.研究了年轮对声发射的影响。当角度?变化时,分析声发射变化的原因,也探讨了振铃计数与粗糙度值(Ra)之间的关系。
Acoustic emission(AE) technology ,as a completely new nondestructive detection method ,has been used in many fileds in some developed countries. They have progressed some researches in AE and used it in wood industry.As far as domestic wood processing filed , AE technology has been gradually used in nondestructive testing and monitoring drying process of wood and wood product ;but it hasn’t been used in wood cutting so far .The paper focuses on discussing AE characteristics in wood transitional cutting and influences of wood annual ring on AE .
The main work included in the thesis is shown as follows:
1. Based on the fact that the wood cutting knife and workpieces keep moving in wood cutting experiment ,we explore the appropriate position placing the AE sensor on .After collecting the AE signal ,we need to extract the useful part from the original signal . Then we tried to find out the useful method to remove noise signal and at last we carried out it by making uses of Matlab wavelet toolbox .
2. we analyse the possible AE sources in wood cutting . By studying the AE signal in a cutting period ,we got the conclusion that the cutting depth has a obvious influence on AE. The larger the cutting depth is , the stronger the AE is ; on the contrary ,the smaller the cutting depth is , the weaker the AE is .
3. In longitudinal-end transitional cutting , we study AE characteristic by waveform analysis method and parameter analysis method . we contrast root mean square value (RMS) and ringing counts ,then analyse the possible AE sources in longitudinal-end transitional cutting,and build the relation between ringing counts and surface roughness .
4. In longitudinal -transverse transitional cutting ,we contrast root mean square value (RMS) and ringing counts , then analyse the possible AE sources in longitudinal -transverse transitional cutting , at last build the relation between surface roughness and ringing counts.
5. We study the influences of the wood annual ring on AE and built the relation between surface roughness and ringing counts similarly.
1.针对铣削加工中刀具与工件都在运动的实际情况,探索了声发射传感器安装位置。对采集到的声发射信号进行消噪处理。针对木材切削中的声发射信号,提出了行之有效的消噪方法,应用Matlab小波工具箱编程实现信号消噪。
2.分析了木材切削过程中的声发射源。通过分析一个切削周期中的声发射信号,得出切削厚度对声发射的影响尤为明显。切屑越厚,产生的声发射愈加强烈;切屑越薄,产生的声发射越微弱。
3.纵端向过渡切削过程中,通过参数分析和波形分析两种方法研究声发射特性。比较了声发射均方根值和计数率这两个参数的优劣,探讨了纵端向切削过程中的声发射源,分析了振铃计数与粗糙度值之间的关系。
4.纵横向过渡切削过程中,对声发射均方根值与振铃计数进行比较,分析了纵横向过渡切削时的声发射源,并且建立粗糙度值与振铃计数之间的关系。
5.研究了年轮对声发射的影响。当角度?变化时,分析声发射变化的原因,也探讨了振铃计数与粗糙度值(Ra)之间的关系。
Acoustic emission(AE) technology ,as a completely new nondestructive detection method ,has been used in many fileds in some developed countries. They have progressed some researches in AE and used it in wood industry.As far as domestic wood processing filed , AE technology has been gradually used in nondestructive testing and monitoring drying process of wood and wood product ;but it hasn’t been used in wood cutting so far .The paper focuses on discussing AE characteristics in wood transitional cutting and influences of wood annual ring on AE .
The main work included in the thesis is shown as follows:
1. Based on the fact that the wood cutting knife and workpieces keep moving in wood cutting experiment ,we explore the appropriate position placing the AE sensor on .After collecting the AE signal ,we need to extract the useful part from the original signal . Then we tried to find out the useful method to remove noise signal and at last we carried out it by making uses of Matlab wavelet toolbox .
2. we analyse the possible AE sources in wood cutting . By studying the AE signal in a cutting period ,we got the conclusion that the cutting depth has a obvious influence on AE. The larger the cutting depth is , the stronger the AE is ; on the contrary ,the smaller the cutting depth is , the weaker the AE is .
3. In longitudinal-end transitional cutting , we study AE characteristic by waveform analysis method and parameter analysis method . we contrast root mean square value (RMS) and ringing counts ,then analyse the possible AE sources in longitudinal-end transitional cutting,and build the relation between ringing counts and surface roughness .
4. In longitudinal -transverse transitional cutting ,we contrast root mean square value (RMS) and ringing counts , then analyse the possible AE sources in longitudinal -transverse transitional cutting , at last build the relation between surface roughness and ringing counts.
5. We study the influences of the wood annual ring on AE and built the relation between surface roughness and ringing counts similarly.
引文
1 袁振明,马羽宽,何泽云编著. 声发射技术及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985
2 南京林产工业学院主编. 木材切削原理与刀具[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1982
3 喜多山繁等.木材工业[J],1985,40:464-469.
4 野口昌巳等.木材学会志[J],1985,31:171 一 175.
5 T. C. Innes. Vessels as surface stress raisers during drying of Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell[J]. Wood Science and Technology, 1997,vol 31: 171-179
6 谢力生.声发射法在木材干燥中的应用[J].林产工业,2001,vol28,03:38-40
7 ZHENG CHEN. Monitoring the fracture of wood in torsion using acoustic emission[J]. Journal of Materials Science,Volume 41, Number 12:3645-3655
8 Kosei Ando. Microscopic processes of shearing fracture of old wood, examined using the acoustic emission technique[J]. Journal of Wood Science.,Volume 52, Number 6:483-489
9 徐慧. 声发射技术在刨花板力学性能检测中的应用[J].林产工业,31卷第6期.
10 徐慧.木制品材料声发射特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学工业学院,2005.
11 孙建平.基于声发射技术的木材损伤过程监测[J].福建林学院学报,2006,26(4):344-348.
12 孙建平等.动态载荷下基于声发射技术的杨木破坏过程检测[J].林业科学,2006,42(9):89-92
13 王正.对赤桉和单板层积材的声发射线性定位研究[J].中国人造板,2007,12.
14 S.Aicher. Damage evolution and acoustic emission of wood at tension perpendicular to fiber[J]. Holz als Roh-und werkstoff,Volume 59, Numbers 1-2:104-116
15 Chiaki Tanaka. An Automatic Control of the Feed-Rate of a Band-Saw for Woodworking[J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1992,vol.38,No.12,p1172-1174
16 Chunrui Zhao .Adaptive Control Optimization in Band Sawing I[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1991,vol.37,No.10,p.897-903
17 Chunrui Zhao .Adaptive Control Optimization in Band Sawing II[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1992,vol.38,No.8,p.771-776
18 Richard L.Lemaster.Analysis of Acoustic Emission in Slow Speed Wood Cutting[J].WOOD SCIENCE ,1982,vol.15,No.2
19 Chiaki Tanaka.A New Technique for Adaptive Control Optimization in Circular Sawing[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1988,vol.34,No.9,p.769-771
20 Chiaki Tanaka.An adaptive control optimization for circular sawing[J].FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL,1992,VOL.43.No.9
21 Richard L.Lemaster,Dornfeld DA.Monitoring a circular sawing process with acoustic emission[J]. Proceedings of Ninth International Wood Machining Seminar.
22 Yasuhide Murase.Measurements of Acoustic Emissions in Wood Cutting with a Super Surfacer I [J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1982,vol.38,No.3,p241-246
23 Yasuhide Murase. Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Wood Cutting II [J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1988,vol.34,No.3,p271-274
24 Yasuhide Murase.Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Wood Cutting III [J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990, vol.36,No.4,p269-275
25 Yasuhide Murase.Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Wood Cutting IV [J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990,vol.36,No.9,p717-724
26 Chunrui Zhao .Relationship between Surface Finish Qualities and Acoustic Emission Count Rate[J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990, vol.36,No.3,p169-173
27 Chunrui Zhao .Relationships between Surface-Finish Qualities and Acoustic Emission Count Rates in Circular Sawing II[J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1991, vol.37,No.5,p434-440
28 Grzegorz Cyra. Effects of helical angle of router bit on acoustic emission[J]. J Wood Sci ,1998, 44:169-176
29 GRZEGORZ CYRA .ON-LINE CONTROL OF ROUTER FEED SPEED USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION[J].FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL,1995, vol.46,No.11/12
30 P. Iskra. The influence of wood fiber direction, feed rate, and cutting width on sound intensity during routing[J]. Holz als Roh- und Werksto, 2005, 63: 167–172
31 Alfredo Aguilera . Effects of grain angle on the amplitudes of acoustic emission and surface roughness in wood machining[J]. Wood Sci Technol,2007,41:373–381
32 Chiaki Tanaka.Detection of Wear Degree of Cutting Tool by Acoustic Emission Signal[J]. 1992,Mokuzai Gakkaishi.vol,38(9):841-846
33 Nanfeng Zhu.Automatic detection of a damaged cutting tool during machining I[J].J Wood Sci(2000)46:437-443
34 Nanfeng Zhu.Automatic detection of a damaged cutting tool during machining II[J].J Wood Sci(2001)47:490-492
35 曹平祥.木材切削过程中声发射[J].木工机床,1995,(2)
36 周兆兵.浅谈声发射的小波分析与木工刀具磨损检测[J].木材加工机械,2000(6)
37 徐春广.刀具磨破损声发射信号传播特性的理论探讨[J].仪器仪表与分析监测,1997(04)
38 尹如海. 功率、切削力、AE 组合刀具监控系统的研究[J].工具技术,40(7)
39 肖正福.木材切削刀具学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2000
40 李喜孟. 无损检测[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000
41 杨明纬主编.声发射检测[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004
42 李黎.木材切削原理与刀具[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005
43 Wen-Ching Su.Effect of tool angles on the chips generated during milling of wood by straight router-bits[J].J Wood Sci,2003,49:271-274
44 飞思科技产品研发中心编著.小波分析理论与 MATLAB7 实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
45 秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
46 彭智科.小波分析在旋转设备故障诊断中的应用[D].北京:清华大学精密仪器系,2002.
47 印欣运.声发射技术在旋转机械碰摩故障诊断中的应用[D]. 北京:清华大学精密仪器系,2005.
48 殷冬蒙. 木塑复合材料缺陷及损伤的声发射信号特征分析[D].南京:南京林业大学信息学院,2007.
49 陈基明.小波分析基础[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2002
50 伯晓晨,李涛,刘路.MATLAB 工具箱应用指南——信息工程篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
51 Koch P.Wood machining process.Ronald Press[M], 1964.
52 张力.SPSS 在生物统计中的应用[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2006.
53 张文彤.SPSS 统计分析高级教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
54 阮锡根.木材物理学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005.
55 徐永吉.木材学[M].南京:南京林业大学木材学教研室,2000.
2 南京林产工业学院主编. 木材切削原理与刀具[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1982
3 喜多山繁等.木材工业[J],1985,40:464-469.
4 野口昌巳等.木材学会志[J],1985,31:171 一 175.
5 T. C. Innes. Vessels as surface stress raisers during drying of Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell[J]. Wood Science and Technology, 1997,vol 31: 171-179
6 谢力生.声发射法在木材干燥中的应用[J].林产工业,2001,vol28,03:38-40
7 ZHENG CHEN. Monitoring the fracture of wood in torsion using acoustic emission[J]. Journal of Materials Science,Volume 41, Number 12:3645-3655
8 Kosei Ando. Microscopic processes of shearing fracture of old wood, examined using the acoustic emission technique[J]. Journal of Wood Science.,Volume 52, Number 6:483-489
9 徐慧. 声发射技术在刨花板力学性能检测中的应用[J].林产工业,31卷第6期.
10 徐慧.木制品材料声发射特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学工业学院,2005.
11 孙建平.基于声发射技术的木材损伤过程监测[J].福建林学院学报,2006,26(4):344-348.
12 孙建平等.动态载荷下基于声发射技术的杨木破坏过程检测[J].林业科学,2006,42(9):89-92
13 王正.对赤桉和单板层积材的声发射线性定位研究[J].中国人造板,2007,12.
14 S.Aicher. Damage evolution and acoustic emission of wood at tension perpendicular to fiber[J]. Holz als Roh-und werkstoff,Volume 59, Numbers 1-2:104-116
15 Chiaki Tanaka. An Automatic Control of the Feed-Rate of a Band-Saw for Woodworking[J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1992,vol.38,No.12,p1172-1174
16 Chunrui Zhao .Adaptive Control Optimization in Band Sawing I[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1991,vol.37,No.10,p.897-903
17 Chunrui Zhao .Adaptive Control Optimization in Band Sawing II[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1992,vol.38,No.8,p.771-776
18 Richard L.Lemaster.Analysis of Acoustic Emission in Slow Speed Wood Cutting[J].WOOD SCIENCE ,1982,vol.15,No.2
19 Chiaki Tanaka.A New Technique for Adaptive Control Optimization in Circular Sawing[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1988,vol.34,No.9,p.769-771
20 Chiaki Tanaka.An adaptive control optimization for circular sawing[J].FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL,1992,VOL.43.No.9
21 Richard L.Lemaster,Dornfeld DA.Monitoring a circular sawing process with acoustic emission[J]. Proceedings of Ninth International Wood Machining Seminar.
22 Yasuhide Murase.Measurements of Acoustic Emissions in Wood Cutting with a Super Surfacer I [J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1982,vol.38,No.3,p241-246
23 Yasuhide Murase. Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Wood Cutting II [J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1988,vol.34,No.3,p271-274
24 Yasuhide Murase.Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Wood Cutting III [J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990, vol.36,No.4,p269-275
25 Yasuhide Murase.Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Wood Cutting IV [J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990,vol.36,No.9,p717-724
26 Chunrui Zhao .Relationship between Surface Finish Qualities and Acoustic Emission Count Rate[J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990, vol.36,No.3,p169-173
27 Chunrui Zhao .Relationships between Surface-Finish Qualities and Acoustic Emission Count Rates in Circular Sawing II[J]. Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1991, vol.37,No.5,p434-440
28 Grzegorz Cyra. Effects of helical angle of router bit on acoustic emission[J]. J Wood Sci ,1998, 44:169-176
29 GRZEGORZ CYRA .ON-LINE CONTROL OF ROUTER FEED SPEED USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION[J].FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL,1995, vol.46,No.11/12
30 P. Iskra. The influence of wood fiber direction, feed rate, and cutting width on sound intensity during routing[J]. Holz als Roh- und Werksto, 2005, 63: 167–172
31 Alfredo Aguilera . Effects of grain angle on the amplitudes of acoustic emission and surface roughness in wood machining[J]. Wood Sci Technol,2007,41:373–381
32 Chiaki Tanaka.Detection of Wear Degree of Cutting Tool by Acoustic Emission Signal[J]. 1992,Mokuzai Gakkaishi.vol,38(9):841-846
33 Nanfeng Zhu.Automatic detection of a damaged cutting tool during machining I[J].J Wood Sci(2000)46:437-443
34 Nanfeng Zhu.Automatic detection of a damaged cutting tool during machining II[J].J Wood Sci(2001)47:490-492
35 曹平祥.木材切削过程中声发射[J].木工机床,1995,(2)
36 周兆兵.浅谈声发射的小波分析与木工刀具磨损检测[J].木材加工机械,2000(6)
37 徐春广.刀具磨破损声发射信号传播特性的理论探讨[J].仪器仪表与分析监测,1997(04)
38 尹如海. 功率、切削力、AE 组合刀具监控系统的研究[J].工具技术,40(7)
39 肖正福.木材切削刀具学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2000
40 李喜孟. 无损检测[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000
41 杨明纬主编.声发射检测[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004
42 李黎.木材切削原理与刀具[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005
43 Wen-Ching Su.Effect of tool angles on the chips generated during milling of wood by straight router-bits[J].J Wood Sci,2003,49:271-274
44 飞思科技产品研发中心编著.小波分析理论与 MATLAB7 实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
45 秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
46 彭智科.小波分析在旋转设备故障诊断中的应用[D].北京:清华大学精密仪器系,2002.
47 印欣运.声发射技术在旋转机械碰摩故障诊断中的应用[D]. 北京:清华大学精密仪器系,2005.
48 殷冬蒙. 木塑复合材料缺陷及损伤的声发射信号特征分析[D].南京:南京林业大学信息学院,2007.
49 陈基明.小波分析基础[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2002
50 伯晓晨,李涛,刘路.MATLAB 工具箱应用指南——信息工程篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
51 Koch P.Wood machining process.Ronald Press[M], 1964.
52 张力.SPSS 在生物统计中的应用[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2006.
53 张文彤.SPSS 统计分析高级教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
54 阮锡根.木材物理学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005.
55 徐永吉.木材学[M].南京:南京林业大学木材学教研室,2000.