含木质素水凝胶的合成及其性能研究
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摘要
木质素是自然界中总量仅次于纤维素的天然高分子化合物。以木质素制备高分子材料，是这一丰富的可再生资源得以高值化利用的途径之一。将木质素引入到水凝胶中，不仅可以实现木质素原料在水凝胶材料领域对化石原料的有效替代、不影响水凝胶的生物相容性和生物降解性，还可以提高水凝胶的强度、实现亲水性药物的控制释放等。本论文以脱乙酰化乙酸木质素(AAL)制备两种含木质素温度敏感型水凝胶，系统研究了含木质素温度敏感型水凝胶的性能以及木质素结构与水凝胶性能之间的关系；并以AAL制备了两种水凝胶染料吸附剂，对水凝胶吸附染料的效果进行研究和评价，对吸附机理进行探讨。
AAL和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)接枝共聚制备了具有温度敏感性能的LGN水凝胶。DSC分析表明，水凝胶的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)均为31.0°C，木质素的含量对其LCST影响不大。当温度高于水凝胶的LCST时，凝胶收缩；当温度低于凝胶的LCST时，凝胶膨胀；研究表明冷冻干燥的凝胶断面具有多孔的结构，并且孔径随木质素比例的增加而增大。水凝胶对药物模型物(亚甲基蓝)表现明显的缓释性能。木质素引入对水凝胶的性能影响可控。
用丙烯酰氯改性AAL，得到大分子结构上带有乙烯基官能团的木质素基大分子单体(AcL)。随后在紫外辐射下引发AcL与NIPAAm进行自由基共聚制备具有温度敏感性能的ALN水凝胶。水凝胶的LCST随着凝胶中AcL的含量的增加而降低。当AcL与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的比例从0.08:2.2增加到0.24:2.2时，水凝胶的LCST从31.6°C下降到29.9°C。结果表明冷冻干燥的凝胶断面具有多孔的结构，并且孔径随AcL含量的增加而减小。改性后的木质素(AcL)具有疏水性乙烯基单体和交联剂的双重功能。
AAL与丙烯酰胺(AAm)接枝共聚合成了一种具有一定pH敏感性能的LGA水凝胶。对这种水凝胶的亚甲基蓝吸附行为进行了研究，表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附量受亚甲基蓝溶液的pH、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、吸附时间的影响。吸附过程满足准二级动力学模型；平衡吸附数据更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。
将AAL分级成相对分子质量大的级分(LA)和相对分子质量小的级分(LB)。研究了LA、LB和未脱乙酰化的乙酸木质素(UDL)对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为。结果表明LA对亚甲基蓝的吸附量受亚甲基蓝溶液的pH、LA的用量、吸附时间、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、温度的影响。吸附过程更满足准二级动力学模型；平衡吸附数据更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型；热力学研究表明木质素对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发的、吸热的、不可逆的过程。乙酸木质素相对分子质量大的级分(LA)、相对分子质量小的级分(LB)和未脱乙酰化木质素(UDL)的吸附能力分别为63.32、40.97和18.21mg/g。
以磺甲基化改性的木质素为原料，环氧氯丙烷为交联剂交联制备了木质素基水凝胶(CSL)。研究了CSL系列水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为，表明CSL系列水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附量受亚甲基蓝溶液pH、浓度，吸附时间的影响。吸附过程更满足准二级动力学模型；平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型。水凝胶的吸附能力可达276.53mg/g。
Lignin is the most abundant biopolymer second only to cellulose. The conversion of lignininto value-added polymer materials is an effective way to utilize the vast quantities of lignin. Theintroduction of lignin into hydrogels favors the the improvements in performances of hydrogelsand offers plenty of advantages, e.g., controlled release of hydrophilic drug, improved mechanicalproperties, improved biocompatibility and biodegrability of the hydrogels, etc. In this work,lignin-containing temperature-sensitive hydrogels were prepared from deacetylated acetic acidlignin (AAL). The properties of the lignin-containing temperature-sensitive hydrogels, as well asthe relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin and the lignin-containingtemperature-sensitive hydrogels, were investigated. The hydrogels for dye adsorption were alsoprepared from AAL. Adsorption behavior of the dye onto the hydrogels was investigated. The dyeadsorption mechanisms were discussed.
The temperature-sensitive hydrogel (LGN) was prepared by graft copolymerization of AALand N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). DSC curves demonstrated that the lower critical solutiontemperature (LCST) of the hydrogels containing different contents of AAL was approximately31°C. The hydrogels shrank in water at temperatures above the LCST and swelled in water attemperatures below the LCST. SEM images suggested that the cross-section of freeze-driedhydrogels was porous and the pore size of the hydrogel increased with increasing the AALcontent. The data of adsorption and release experiments for the model drug (methylene blue)suggested that the controlled drug release can be achieved. The introduction of lignin on theproperties of the hydrogels is controllable.
A lignin-based macromer (acrylated lignin, AcL) with vinyl bonds was prepared by acylatingAAL with acryloyl chloride. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel (ALN) was prepared from AcLand NIPAAm through UV photocrosslinking. The DSC curves demonstrated that the lowercritical solution temperature of the hydrogels reduced from29.9°C to31.6°C when the massratio of AcL/NIPAAm increased to0.24:2.2from0.08:2.2. The SEM images showed that thecross-section of freeze-dried hydrogels was porous and relatively high content of the macromer resulted in reduced pore size in hydrogels. The results indicated the AcL acted as hydrophobicmonomer and crosslinker.
The pH-sensitive hydrogel (LGA) was prepared by graft copolymerization of AAL andacrylamide (AAm). The adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) onto the hydrogel wereinvestigated. The results showed that the amount of the MB adsorbed was influenced by theinitial solution pH, adsorption time, and initial MB concentration. The kinetic data were found tobe well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were wellfitted to the Langmuir isotherm equation.
AAL was fractionated to obtain high molecular weight lignin (LA) and low molecularweight lignin (LB). The adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) onto LA, LB, andundeacetylated acetic acid lignin (UDL) were investigated. The amount of the MB adsorbeddepended on the initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, initial MB concentration,and temperature. The kinetic data were found to be well represented by the pseudo-second-orderkinetic model. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm equation.Thermodynamic studies indicated the adsorption of MB on to LA was spontaneous, endothermic,and irreversible. The monolayer adsorption capacities of LA, LB, and UDL for MB adsorption at30oC were63.32,40.97, and18.21mg/g, respectively.
The lignin-based hydrogel (CSL) was prepared from sulfomethylated AAL in the presenceof epichlorohydrin as crosslinker. The adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) onto thehydrogel were investigated. The results showed that the amount of the MB adsorbed wasinfluenced by the initial solution pH, adsorption time, and initial MB concentration. The kineticdata were found to be fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were wellfitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation. The monolayer adsorption capacities ofthe hydrogel for MB adsorption can be up to276.53mg/g at30oC.
AAL和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)接枝共聚制备了具有温度敏感性能的LGN水凝胶。DSC分析表明，水凝胶的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)均为31.0°C，木质素的含量对其LCST影响不大。当温度高于水凝胶的LCST时，凝胶收缩；当温度低于凝胶的LCST时，凝胶膨胀；研究表明冷冻干燥的凝胶断面具有多孔的结构，并且孔径随木质素比例的增加而增大。水凝胶对药物模型物(亚甲基蓝)表现明显的缓释性能。木质素引入对水凝胶的性能影响可控。
用丙烯酰氯改性AAL，得到大分子结构上带有乙烯基官能团的木质素基大分子单体(AcL)。随后在紫外辐射下引发AcL与NIPAAm进行自由基共聚制备具有温度敏感性能的ALN水凝胶。水凝胶的LCST随着凝胶中AcL的含量的增加而降低。当AcL与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的比例从0.08:2.2增加到0.24:2.2时，水凝胶的LCST从31.6°C下降到29.9°C。结果表明冷冻干燥的凝胶断面具有多孔的结构，并且孔径随AcL含量的增加而减小。改性后的木质素(AcL)具有疏水性乙烯基单体和交联剂的双重功能。
AAL与丙烯酰胺(AAm)接枝共聚合成了一种具有一定pH敏感性能的LGA水凝胶。对这种水凝胶的亚甲基蓝吸附行为进行了研究，表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附量受亚甲基蓝溶液的pH、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、吸附时间的影响。吸附过程满足准二级动力学模型；平衡吸附数据更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。
将AAL分级成相对分子质量大的级分(LA)和相对分子质量小的级分(LB)。研究了LA、LB和未脱乙酰化的乙酸木质素(UDL)对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为。结果表明LA对亚甲基蓝的吸附量受亚甲基蓝溶液的pH、LA的用量、吸附时间、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、温度的影响。吸附过程更满足准二级动力学模型；平衡吸附数据更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型；热力学研究表明木质素对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发的、吸热的、不可逆的过程。乙酸木质素相对分子质量大的级分(LA)、相对分子质量小的级分(LB)和未脱乙酰化木质素(UDL)的吸附能力分别为63.32、40.97和18.21mg/g。
以磺甲基化改性的木质素为原料，环氧氯丙烷为交联剂交联制备了木质素基水凝胶(CSL)。研究了CSL系列水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为，表明CSL系列水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附量受亚甲基蓝溶液pH、浓度，吸附时间的影响。吸附过程更满足准二级动力学模型；平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型。水凝胶的吸附能力可达276.53mg/g。
Lignin is the most abundant biopolymer second only to cellulose. The conversion of lignininto value-added polymer materials is an effective way to utilize the vast quantities of lignin. Theintroduction of lignin into hydrogels favors the the improvements in performances of hydrogelsand offers plenty of advantages, e.g., controlled release of hydrophilic drug, improved mechanicalproperties, improved biocompatibility and biodegrability of the hydrogels, etc. In this work,lignin-containing temperature-sensitive hydrogels were prepared from deacetylated acetic acidlignin (AAL). The properties of the lignin-containing temperature-sensitive hydrogels, as well asthe relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin and the lignin-containingtemperature-sensitive hydrogels, were investigated. The hydrogels for dye adsorption were alsoprepared from AAL. Adsorption behavior of the dye onto the hydrogels was investigated. The dyeadsorption mechanisms were discussed.
The temperature-sensitive hydrogel (LGN) was prepared by graft copolymerization of AALand N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). DSC curves demonstrated that the lower critical solutiontemperature (LCST) of the hydrogels containing different contents of AAL was approximately31°C. The hydrogels shrank in water at temperatures above the LCST and swelled in water attemperatures below the LCST. SEM images suggested that the cross-section of freeze-driedhydrogels was porous and the pore size of the hydrogel increased with increasing the AALcontent. The data of adsorption and release experiments for the model drug (methylene blue)suggested that the controlled drug release can be achieved. The introduction of lignin on theproperties of the hydrogels is controllable.
A lignin-based macromer (acrylated lignin, AcL) with vinyl bonds was prepared by acylatingAAL with acryloyl chloride. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel (ALN) was prepared from AcLand NIPAAm through UV photocrosslinking. The DSC curves demonstrated that the lowercritical solution temperature of the hydrogels reduced from29.9°C to31.6°C when the massratio of AcL/NIPAAm increased to0.24:2.2from0.08:2.2. The SEM images showed that thecross-section of freeze-dried hydrogels was porous and relatively high content of the macromer resulted in reduced pore size in hydrogels. The results indicated the AcL acted as hydrophobicmonomer and crosslinker.
The pH-sensitive hydrogel (LGA) was prepared by graft copolymerization of AAL andacrylamide (AAm). The adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) onto the hydrogel wereinvestigated. The results showed that the amount of the MB adsorbed was influenced by theinitial solution pH, adsorption time, and initial MB concentration. The kinetic data were found tobe well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were wellfitted to the Langmuir isotherm equation.
AAL was fractionated to obtain high molecular weight lignin (LA) and low molecularweight lignin (LB). The adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) onto LA, LB, andundeacetylated acetic acid lignin (UDL) were investigated. The amount of the MB adsorbeddepended on the initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, initial MB concentration,and temperature. The kinetic data were found to be well represented by the pseudo-second-orderkinetic model. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm equation.Thermodynamic studies indicated the adsorption of MB on to LA was spontaneous, endothermic,and irreversible. The monolayer adsorption capacities of LA, LB, and UDL for MB adsorption at30oC were63.32,40.97, and18.21mg/g, respectively.
The lignin-based hydrogel (CSL) was prepared from sulfomethylated AAL in the presenceof epichlorohydrin as crosslinker. The adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) onto thehydrogel were investigated. The results showed that the amount of the MB adsorbed wasinfluenced by the initial solution pH, adsorption time, and initial MB concentration. The kineticdata were found to be fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were wellfitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation. The monolayer adsorption capacities ofthe hydrogel for MB adsorption can be up to276.53mg/g at30oC.
引文
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