MIMO无线通信系统：信号接收与性能分析
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摘要
无线通信技术的快速发展极大地改变了人们的生活。进入21世纪,人们对通信服务的需求与要求日益提升,希望得到更快速,更优质的服务。但在有限的无线频谱资源条件下,我们要提供高速数据传输和服务更多用户,依靠现有技术是十分困难的。多入多出(MIMO)无线通信技术是一种关键的宽带无线传输技术。它在有限的频谱范围内可提供高速率高容量的服务。本文介绍了MIMO通信系统的组成和其关键技术:空时分组编码和分层空时结构。通过系统性能仿真,我们得知:空时分组编码可提供高分集特性,提升了信号传输的可靠性,它采用最大似然准则检测信号,系统拥有很好的误码性能;而分层空时结构可有效提供高系统容量和高信息传输速率,提升了信号传输的有效性,它可采用迫零算法和最小均方误差算法检测信号,后者性能优于前者。上述分析可为无线通信接收机的设计提供信号接收算法参考。并指导我们根据实际要求,选择是满足高系统分集度还是高系统容量和高数据传输率。
Wireless communication technologies change our daily life greatly. Nowadays higher data transmission rate and more value-added applications will make the development of new physical level communication techniques more challengeable to the researchers and engineers. Because the radio spectrum resource which can be assigned to use is limited, there must be some technology innovations. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques can satisfy the new demands. It can provide high system capacity even the radio resource is constrained to a narrow range. This paper introduces the architecture of MIMO communication systems and its key techniques: Space-Time Block Codes and Layered Space-Time Architecture. Through the simulation of system performance, we get that Space-Time Block Codes can provide high system diversity order, so that it can improve the reliability of signal transmission. STBC employs the ML criterion to detect signals and the system has good bit error rate performance. However, the LST can provide high system capacity and high information transmission rate, then it improves the efficiency of transmission significantly. The LST employs zero-force(ZF) algorithm and the minimum mean square error(MMSE) algorithm to detect signals, the performance of MMSE is better than that of ZF. The paper also introduces the basic concepts of wireless communication, such as channels models ,modulations and multiple access methods. The Analysis of performance of various detection algorithms can be references to the design of communication receiver and give us a rule to trade off diversity order and system capacity.
Wireless communication technologies change our daily life greatly. Nowadays higher data transmission rate and more value-added applications will make the development of new physical level communication techniques more challengeable to the researchers and engineers. Because the radio spectrum resource which can be assigned to use is limited, there must be some technology innovations. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques can satisfy the new demands. It can provide high system capacity even the radio resource is constrained to a narrow range. This paper introduces the architecture of MIMO communication systems and its key techniques: Space-Time Block Codes and Layered Space-Time Architecture. Through the simulation of system performance, we get that Space-Time Block Codes can provide high system diversity order, so that it can improve the reliability of signal transmission. STBC employs the ML criterion to detect signals and the system has good bit error rate performance. However, the LST can provide high system capacity and high information transmission rate, then it improves the efficiency of transmission significantly. The LST employs zero-force(ZF) algorithm and the minimum mean square error(MMSE) algorithm to detect signals, the performance of MMSE is better than that of ZF. The paper also introduces the basic concepts of wireless communication, such as channels models ,modulations and multiple access methods. The Analysis of performance of various detection algorithms can be references to the design of communication receiver and give us a rule to trade off diversity order and system capacity.
引文
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[8]Goldsmith, A., S.A. Jafar, N. Jindal, and S. Vishwaneth. "Fundamental capacity of MIMO channels."IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 21, pp. 684-702, 2003.
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[14]Shannon, C. "A mathematical theory of communication ."Bell System Technical J., Vol. 27, pp.379-423, 623-656,1948.
[15]Stuber, G.L. Principles of Mobile Communication, 2nd ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2001.
[16]Tarokh, V., H. Jafarkhani, and A. Calderbank. "Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs." IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 45, pp. 1456-1467,1999.
[17]Tarokh, V., H. Jafarkhani, and A.R. Calderbank. "Space-time block coding for wireless communications: Performance results." IEEE J. Select. Areas Communications, Vol. 17, pp. 451-460, Mar. 1999
[18]Tarokh, V., A. Naguib, N. Seshadri, and A. Calderbank. "Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criteria in the presence of channel estimation errors, mobility, and multiple paths." IEEE Trans. Communications, Vol. 47, pp. 199-207,1999.
[19]Tarokh, V., N. Seshadri, and A.R. Calderbank, "Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criterion and code construction." IEEE Trans. Information Theory, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 744-765,1998.
[20]Verdu, S. Multiuser Detection. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[21]Viterbi, A.J. CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[22]Viterbi, A.J. and J.K. Omura. Principles of Digital Communication and Coding. New York:McGrawHill,1979.
[23]Sklar, B. Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001.
[24]T. Cover and J. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, John Wiley and Sons,1991.
[25]L. Shao and S. Roy, Rate-one space-frequency block codes with maximum diversity for MIMO-OFDM IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 4, no. 4, pp.1674-1687, July 2005
[26]H. sampath et al., A fouth-generation MIMO-OFDM broadband wireless system: design, performance and field trial results IEEE Communication. Mag., vol. 40, pp. 143-149, Sep. 2002
[27]David Tse, P.V., Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. 2005: Cambridge University Press.
[28]Gallager, R., 6.450 Priciples of Digital Communication. 2005: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
[29]Proakis, J.G., Digital Communications. Fourth Edition ed. 2001: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
[30]Wozencraft, J.M. and I.M. Jacobs. Principles of Communication Engineering. New York: Wiley,1965.
[2]Foschini, G.J. "Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas."Bell Labs Technical J., Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 41-59,1996.
[3]Foschini, G.J., D. Chizkik, M.J. Gans, C. Papadies, and R.A. Valenzueli. "Analysis and performance of some basic space-time architectures."IEEE J. Select. Areas Communications,Vol. 21, pp. 303-320, 2003.
[4]Diggavi, S.N., N. Al-Dhahir, A. Stanoulis, and A.R. Calderbank. "Great expectations: The value of spatial diversity in wireless networks."Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 91, 2003.
[5]Gallager, R.G.Information Theory and Reliable Communications. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1968.
[6]Gesbert, D., M. Shafi, D.S. Shiu, P. Smith, and A. Naguib. "From theory to practice: An overview of MIMO space-time coded wireless systems." IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 21, pp. 281-302, 2003.
[7]Golden, G.D., J.G. Forschini, R.A. Valenzuela, and P.W. Woliansky. "Detection algorithm and initial laboratory results using V-BLAST space-time communication architecture."Electronics Letters, Vol. 35, pp. 14-15,1999.
[8]Goldsmith, A., S.A. Jafar, N. Jindal, and S. Vishwaneth. "Fundamental capacity of MIMO channels."IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 21, pp. 684-702, 2003.
[9]Haykin, S. Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.
[10]Haykin, S. Communication Systems. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2001.
[11]Oppenheim, A.V., R.W. Schafer, and J.R. Buck. Discrete-time Signal Processing, 2nd. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.
[12]Pahlavan, K., and Levesque, A.,Wireless Information Networks, Wiley-Interscience, 1995.
[13]Rappaport, T.S. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd. ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002.
[14]Shannon, C. "A mathematical theory of communication ."Bell System Technical J., Vol. 27, pp.379-423, 623-656,1948.
[15]Stuber, G.L. Principles of Mobile Communication, 2nd ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2001.
[16]Tarokh, V., H. Jafarkhani, and A. Calderbank. "Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs." IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 45, pp. 1456-1467,1999.
[17]Tarokh, V., H. Jafarkhani, and A.R. Calderbank. "Space-time block coding for wireless communications: Performance results." IEEE J. Select. Areas Communications, Vol. 17, pp. 451-460, Mar. 1999
[18]Tarokh, V., A. Naguib, N. Seshadri, and A. Calderbank. "Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criteria in the presence of channel estimation errors, mobility, and multiple paths." IEEE Trans. Communications, Vol. 47, pp. 199-207,1999.
[19]Tarokh, V., N. Seshadri, and A.R. Calderbank, "Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criterion and code construction." IEEE Trans. Information Theory, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 744-765,1998.
[20]Verdu, S. Multiuser Detection. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[21]Viterbi, A.J. CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[22]Viterbi, A.J. and J.K. Omura. Principles of Digital Communication and Coding. New York:McGrawHill,1979.
[23]Sklar, B. Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001.
[24]T. Cover and J. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, John Wiley and Sons,1991.
[25]L. Shao and S. Roy, Rate-one space-frequency block codes with maximum diversity for MIMO-OFDM IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 4, no. 4, pp.1674-1687, July 2005
[26]H. sampath et al., A fouth-generation MIMO-OFDM broadband wireless system: design, performance and field trial results IEEE Communication. Mag., vol. 40, pp. 143-149, Sep. 2002
[27]David Tse, P.V., Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. 2005: Cambridge University Press.
[28]Gallager, R., 6.450 Priciples of Digital Communication. 2005: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
[29]Proakis, J.G., Digital Communications. Fourth Edition ed. 2001: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
[30]Wozencraft, J.M. and I.M. Jacobs. Principles of Communication Engineering. New York: Wiley,1965.
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