小清河流域城镇污水处理工程建设规划
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摘要
为了治理小清河的污染，确保山东省胶东输水干线工程调水水质，本文在水污染控制规划的理论指导下，按照治、用、保并重的流域污染治理策略，将流域污染治理问题放在经济、社会发展过程中统筹考虑，用水污染区域性综合防治的方法，研究提出了小清河流域城镇水污染控制的工程方案和实施建议。
本文对小清河流域有关市县区的自然环境、社会经济、污水排放与治理现状等背景资料进行了调研分析。目前小清河流域水体已经受到严重污染，污染源主要为城市工业生产和生活污水，因此城市污水治理是水污染控制的关键。
本文根据今后几十年人口的自然增长率和山东省城市化进程的趋势等，预测了各市县区用水人口数量；根据流域内各市县区供排水现状，确定了人均综合污水量标准；根据山东省内已建成的城市污水处理厂的运行情况，参考国内类似城市的经验，确定了污水进水COD浓度；从而预测出了流域内各市县区在不同规划年限的城市用水人口、给排水量和水污染物的排放总量，按照总量控制原理确定了不同规划年限的污染物削减量；根据山东省小清河流域各市县区的经济社会发展水平和该省城市污水处理工程建设的实践经验，兼顾技术先进与经济高效的原则，对不同类型的市县区和重点镇提出了污水处理厂建设计划和适宜的污水处理工艺。
最后确定，到2005年，小清河流域各市县区共需新增污水处理能力77万m~3/d，需投资11.90亿元；重点乡镇新增污水处理能力8万m~3／d，需投资1.44亿元；回用水利用工程新增供应能力5万m~3/d，需投资0.3亿元。工程建成后，可形成22.32万吨／年的COD削减能力。削减能力在理论上是刚好能够满足需要。到2010年，各市县区共需新增污水处理能力23万m~3／d，需投资4.14亿元；重点乡镇新增污水处理能力18万m~3／d，需投资3.24亿元；回用水利用工程新增供应能力34万m~3／d，需投资2.04亿元。工程建成后，可形成27.92万吨／年的COD削减能力。到2015年，各市县区需新增污水处理能力55万m~3／d，需投资9.90亿元；重点乡镇新增污水处理能力24万m~3／d，需投资4.32亿元；回用水利用工程新增供应能力33万m~3／d，需投资1.98亿元。工程建成后，可形成38.06万吨／年的COD削减能力。
In order to control the pollution in Xiaoqing River Basin and ensure the water quality of Shandong Provincial Jiaodong Water Transmission Trunk Line Project, with the guidance of the theory for water pollution control planning, in accordance with the strategies for control, utilization, and protection of the water basin, this thesis focuses on the pollution control in the socio-economic development, adopts a method of comprehensive prevention and control for water pollution areas, and puts forward the engineering scenarios and implementation suggestions on the town-level water pollution control in Xiaoqing River Basin.
This thesis investigates and analyzes the relevant data of the towns in Xiaoqing River Basin, including natural environment, socio-economy, sewerage discharge, and pollution control status. At present, the water body of Xiaoqing River Basin has been seriously polluted. The pollutants mainly come from the urban industrial production and livings of residents. Therefore, the key to water pollution control is the urban sewerage control.
In accordance with the natural increase rate of population and the trend for Shandong provincial urbanization development in the next several decades, this thesis forecasts the population with water supply in the various towns; in accordance with the present status of water supply and sewerage discharge, it confirms the standard for per capita sewerage generation; in accordance with the operation status of the existing sewerage treatment plants in Shandong province and the experience of the similar towns in China, it formulates the COD concentration of inlet sewerage and forecasts the served population of water supply, volumes of water supply and sewerage generation, and the total discharge of water pollutants at the various planning years for the towns in the basin; in accordance with the theory of gross control, it defines the reduction level of the water pollutants at the various planning years; in accordance with the socio-economic development level of the towns in the basin and the provincial constructi
on practice of the sewerage treatment plants, and the principles for combination of advanced techniques and high-efficient economy, it puts forward the construction plan and feasible technological process for sewerage treatment plants in the various cities, counties, and major towns.
Finally, it concludes by 2005 that the total sewerage treatment capacity of the cities and counties in Xiaoqing River Basin should be newly increased with 770,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 1.19 billion Yuan; the total sewerage treatment capacity of the major towns should be increased with 80,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 144 million Yuan; the reuse of recycled water should be increased with 50,000 m3/d, with an investment of RMB 30 million Yuan. After the completion, the capacity for COD reduction will rise at 223,200 Ton/year. In theory, it will just meet the actual demand for COD reduction. By 2010, the total sewerage treatment capacity of the cities and counties should be increased with 230,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 414 million Yuan; the total sewerage treatment capacity of the major towns should be increased with 180,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 324 million Yuan; the reuse of recycled water should be increased with 340,000 m3/d, with an investment of RMB 204 million Yuan. After t
he completion, the capacity for COD reduction will rise at 279,200 Ton/year. By 2015, the total sewerage treatment capacity of the cities and counties should be increased with 550,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 990 million Yuan; the total sewerage treatment capacity of the major towns should be increased with 240,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 432 million Yuan; the reuse of recycled water should be increased with 330,000 m3/d, with an investment of RMB 198 million Yuan. After the completion, the capacity for COD reduction will rise at 380,600 Ton/year.
本文对小清河流域有关市县区的自然环境、社会经济、污水排放与治理现状等背景资料进行了调研分析。目前小清河流域水体已经受到严重污染，污染源主要为城市工业生产和生活污水，因此城市污水治理是水污染控制的关键。
本文根据今后几十年人口的自然增长率和山东省城市化进程的趋势等，预测了各市县区用水人口数量；根据流域内各市县区供排水现状，确定了人均综合污水量标准；根据山东省内已建成的城市污水处理厂的运行情况，参考国内类似城市的经验，确定了污水进水COD浓度；从而预测出了流域内各市县区在不同规划年限的城市用水人口、给排水量和水污染物的排放总量，按照总量控制原理确定了不同规划年限的污染物削减量；根据山东省小清河流域各市县区的经济社会发展水平和该省城市污水处理工程建设的实践经验，兼顾技术先进与经济高效的原则，对不同类型的市县区和重点镇提出了污水处理厂建设计划和适宜的污水处理工艺。
最后确定，到2005年，小清河流域各市县区共需新增污水处理能力77万m~3/d，需投资11.90亿元；重点乡镇新增污水处理能力8万m~3／d，需投资1.44亿元；回用水利用工程新增供应能力5万m~3/d，需投资0.3亿元。工程建成后，可形成22.32万吨／年的COD削减能力。削减能力在理论上是刚好能够满足需要。到2010年，各市县区共需新增污水处理能力23万m~3／d，需投资4.14亿元；重点乡镇新增污水处理能力18万m~3／d，需投资3.24亿元；回用水利用工程新增供应能力34万m~3／d，需投资2.04亿元。工程建成后，可形成27.92万吨／年的COD削减能力。到2015年，各市县区需新增污水处理能力55万m~3／d，需投资9.90亿元；重点乡镇新增污水处理能力24万m~3／d，需投资4.32亿元；回用水利用工程新增供应能力33万m~3／d，需投资1.98亿元。工程建成后，可形成38.06万吨／年的COD削减能力。
In order to control the pollution in Xiaoqing River Basin and ensure the water quality of Shandong Provincial Jiaodong Water Transmission Trunk Line Project, with the guidance of the theory for water pollution control planning, in accordance with the strategies for control, utilization, and protection of the water basin, this thesis focuses on the pollution control in the socio-economic development, adopts a method of comprehensive prevention and control for water pollution areas, and puts forward the engineering scenarios and implementation suggestions on the town-level water pollution control in Xiaoqing River Basin.
This thesis investigates and analyzes the relevant data of the towns in Xiaoqing River Basin, including natural environment, socio-economy, sewerage discharge, and pollution control status. At present, the water body of Xiaoqing River Basin has been seriously polluted. The pollutants mainly come from the urban industrial production and livings of residents. Therefore, the key to water pollution control is the urban sewerage control.
In accordance with the natural increase rate of population and the trend for Shandong provincial urbanization development in the next several decades, this thesis forecasts the population with water supply in the various towns; in accordance with the present status of water supply and sewerage discharge, it confirms the standard for per capita sewerage generation; in accordance with the operation status of the existing sewerage treatment plants in Shandong province and the experience of the similar towns in China, it formulates the COD concentration of inlet sewerage and forecasts the served population of water supply, volumes of water supply and sewerage generation, and the total discharge of water pollutants at the various planning years for the towns in the basin; in accordance with the theory of gross control, it defines the reduction level of the water pollutants at the various planning years; in accordance with the socio-economic development level of the towns in the basin and the provincial constructi
on practice of the sewerage treatment plants, and the principles for combination of advanced techniques and high-efficient economy, it puts forward the construction plan and feasible technological process for sewerage treatment plants in the various cities, counties, and major towns.
Finally, it concludes by 2005 that the total sewerage treatment capacity of the cities and counties in Xiaoqing River Basin should be newly increased with 770,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 1.19 billion Yuan; the total sewerage treatment capacity of the major towns should be increased with 80,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 144 million Yuan; the reuse of recycled water should be increased with 50,000 m3/d, with an investment of RMB 30 million Yuan. After the completion, the capacity for COD reduction will rise at 223,200 Ton/year. In theory, it will just meet the actual demand for COD reduction. By 2010, the total sewerage treatment capacity of the cities and counties should be increased with 230,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 414 million Yuan; the total sewerage treatment capacity of the major towns should be increased with 180,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 324 million Yuan; the reuse of recycled water should be increased with 340,000 m3/d, with an investment of RMB 204 million Yuan. After t
he completion, the capacity for COD reduction will rise at 279,200 Ton/year. By 2015, the total sewerage treatment capacity of the cities and counties should be increased with 550,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 990 million Yuan; the total sewerage treatment capacity of the major towns should be increased with 240,000m3/d, with an investment of RMB 432 million Yuan; the reuse of recycled water should be increased with 330,000 m3/d, with an investment of RMB 198 million Yuan. After the completion, the capacity for COD reduction will rise at 380,600 Ton/year.
引文
[1] 国家发展计划委员会、水利部：南水北调工程总体规划，1-2，2002；
[2] 山东省城市节水现状分析与对策课题组：山东省城市节水现状与对策研究报告，2000；
[3] 杨焕彩：努力创建节水型城市，实现山东城市可持续发展，2003；
[4] 国家环境保护总局：2002年中国环境状况公报，2003；
[5] 中国21世纪议程——中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书，1994；
[6] 山东省环保局：小清河流域污染综合治理规划，2003；
[7] 何强：基于GIS的水污染控制规划研究，博士学位论文，重庆大学，2001；
[8] Bill Mccann: Global Prospects for Catchment Security, Water 21, 4:15-16, 2000;
[9] Trie Sunaryo.: Integrated Management of the Brantas River Basin: Experiences of Corporatisation, Water 21, 12: 40, 2000;
[10] 陈峰：南水北调东线工程山东段城市污水处理工程建设规划，2001；
[11] 国务院办公厅文件：关于淮河流域水污染防治工作情况报告的通知，2001；
[12] 赵武京：水环境治理是21世纪治理淮河的战略重点，我国21世纪水环境与可持续发展，北京科技出版社，14-3 16，2000；
[13] 山东省统计局：2002年山东省统计年鉴，2003；
[14] 山东省建设厅：2002年山东省城市建设统计年报，2003；
[15] 山东省环保局：2002年环境统计年报，2003；
[16] 翁焕新：城市水资源控制与管理，浙江大学出版社，63-68，1998；
[17] 山东省建设厅：山东省城市供水节水规划，鲁建城字[2001]42号，2001；
[18] 山东省建设厅：山东省建设事业第十个五年计划，鲁建发[2000]82号，2000；
[19] 陈峰、李玉琳、张玉兆：浅谈山东省城镇污水处理建设的现状及方向，山东勘察设计，No．1，2001；
[20] Gunnar Demoulin、Mervyn C.Goronszy et.al: Co-Current Nitrification/Denitrification and Biological P-Removal in Cyclic Acctivated Sludge Plants by Redox Controlled Cycle Operation Wat.Sci.Tech, 35(1),1997;
[21] 沈耀良：AB工艺的应用及其改进，污染防治技术，10(2)，1997；
[22] 顾秀勤：A+A~2O工艺处理城市污水的生产性试验研究，给水排水，24(3)，1998；
[23] 郑兴灿、李亚新：污水除磷脱氮技术，中国建筑工业出版社，1998；
[24] 罗万申：新型污水处理工艺—MSBR，中国给水排水，Vol．15，No．6，1999；
[25] 李探微等：一种新的污水处理技术---MSBR法，给水排水，Vol．25．No．6．1999；
[26] 沈耀良等：循环式活性污泥系统(CASS)处理城市废水，给水排水，Vol．25．No．11．1999；
[27] 柏景方编泽：美国CASS法城市废水处理技术，国外环境科学技术．No．1，1995；
[28] 扬肇键：三沟式氧化沟在处理城市污水中的应用．给水排水，Vol．21．No．3，1995；
[29] 颜秀琴等：奥伯尔氧化沟的工程应用性能研究，中国给水排水，Vol．15．No．7．1999
[30] 邓朵森等：从运行方式看氧化沟技术的发展．给水排水，Vol．26，No．3，2000；
[31] 庞煜等：枣庄新城区污水处理工程及回用水工程项目可行性研究报告，山东省缄建设计院，2000；
[32] Paul R. Adler、Steven T. Summerfelt et al: Evaluation of a Wetland System Designed to Meet Stringent Phosphrus Discharge Requirements, Water Environ. Res., 68(5): 836-840, 1996;
[33] 国家计委、建设部、国家环保总局：关于加大污水处理费的征收力度建立城市污水排放和集中处理良性运行机制的通知，1999；
[34] 山东省人民政府：关于进一步加快城市污水处理工程建设建立良性运行机制的通知，鲁政发[2002]10号，2002；
[35] 山东省建设厅：全省城市污水处理厂建设和运行情况调查报告，2001；
[36] 张玉兆：当前我省城市污水处理工程建设和运行中存在的问题与对策，No．1，山东财会，2003；
[2] 山东省城市节水现状分析与对策课题组：山东省城市节水现状与对策研究报告，2000；
[3] 杨焕彩：努力创建节水型城市，实现山东城市可持续发展，2003；
[4] 国家环境保护总局：2002年中国环境状况公报，2003；
[5] 中国21世纪议程——中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书，1994；
[6] 山东省环保局：小清河流域污染综合治理规划，2003；
[7] 何强：基于GIS的水污染控制规划研究，博士学位论文，重庆大学，2001；
[8] Bill Mccann: Global Prospects for Catchment Security, Water 21, 4:15-16, 2000;
[9] Trie Sunaryo.: Integrated Management of the Brantas River Basin: Experiences of Corporatisation, Water 21, 12: 40, 2000;
[10] 陈峰：南水北调东线工程山东段城市污水处理工程建设规划，2001；
[11] 国务院办公厅文件：关于淮河流域水污染防治工作情况报告的通知，2001；
[12] 赵武京：水环境治理是21世纪治理淮河的战略重点，我国21世纪水环境与可持续发展，北京科技出版社，14-3 16，2000；
[13] 山东省统计局：2002年山东省统计年鉴，2003；
[14] 山东省建设厅：2002年山东省城市建设统计年报，2003；
[15] 山东省环保局：2002年环境统计年报，2003；
[16] 翁焕新：城市水资源控制与管理，浙江大学出版社，63-68，1998；
[17] 山东省建设厅：山东省城市供水节水规划，鲁建城字[2001]42号，2001；
[18] 山东省建设厅：山东省建设事业第十个五年计划，鲁建发[2000]82号，2000；
[19] 陈峰、李玉琳、张玉兆：浅谈山东省城镇污水处理建设的现状及方向，山东勘察设计，No．1，2001；
[20] Gunnar Demoulin、Mervyn C.Goronszy et.al: Co-Current Nitrification/Denitrification and Biological P-Removal in Cyclic Acctivated Sludge Plants by Redox Controlled Cycle Operation Wat.Sci.Tech, 35(1),1997;
[21] 沈耀良：AB工艺的应用及其改进，污染防治技术，10(2)，1997；
[22] 顾秀勤：A+A~2O工艺处理城市污水的生产性试验研究，给水排水，24(3)，1998；
[23] 郑兴灿、李亚新：污水除磷脱氮技术，中国建筑工业出版社，1998；
[24] 罗万申：新型污水处理工艺—MSBR，中国给水排水，Vol．15，No．6，1999；
[25] 李探微等：一种新的污水处理技术---MSBR法，给水排水，Vol．25．No．6．1999；
[26] 沈耀良等：循环式活性污泥系统(CASS)处理城市废水，给水排水，Vol．25．No．11．1999；
[27] 柏景方编泽：美国CASS法城市废水处理技术，国外环境科学技术．No．1，1995；
[28] 扬肇键：三沟式氧化沟在处理城市污水中的应用．给水排水，Vol．21．No．3，1995；
[29] 颜秀琴等：奥伯尔氧化沟的工程应用性能研究，中国给水排水，Vol．15．No．7．1999
[30] 邓朵森等：从运行方式看氧化沟技术的发展．给水排水，Vol．26，No．3，2000；
[31] 庞煜等：枣庄新城区污水处理工程及回用水工程项目可行性研究报告，山东省缄建设计院，2000；
[32] Paul R. Adler、Steven T. Summerfelt et al: Evaluation of a Wetland System Designed to Meet Stringent Phosphrus Discharge Requirements, Water Environ. Res., 68(5): 836-840, 1996;
[33] 国家计委、建设部、国家环保总局：关于加大污水处理费的征收力度建立城市污水排放和集中处理良性运行机制的通知，1999；
[34] 山东省人民政府：关于进一步加快城市污水处理工程建设建立良性运行机制的通知，鲁政发[2002]10号，2002；
[35] 山东省建设厅：全省城市污水处理厂建设和运行情况调查报告，2001；
[36] 张玉兆：当前我省城市污水处理工程建设和运行中存在的问题与对策，No．1，山东财会，2003；