城市污水微絮凝纤维束过滤再生处理工艺技术的试验研究
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摘要
水资源的匮乏已成为国家经济持续发展的制约因素，城市污水处理后回用是解决水资源不足和缓解水环境污染的有效方法之一。采用何种污水处理回用工艺技术，使处理后的水质达到国家规定的回用水标准，以及工程基建投资与运行费用的多少，维护管理是否方便等，是环境工作者关心的课题，本论文在分析国内污水再生回用工程实践的基础上，针对济南市水质净化二厂再生工程为对象，开展了较系统的研究，取得如下结果：
1．论文以山东省污水再生工程运行实践的调查资料为基础，分析了污水再生处理工艺技术的发展现状及发展动向；以济南市水质净化二厂微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒的再生处理工艺为试验研究对象，进行了投药量、纤维束过滤速度、反冲洗周期、反冲洗强度等运行参数对水质影响的试验。经试验得出济南市水质净化二厂微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒再生工艺的最佳运行参数为：混凝剂PAC投加量2mg／L；过滤速度30m／h，反冲洗周期36h，下向洗反沖洗强度6.8L／m~2.s，上向洗反冲洗强度3.4L／m~2.s，耗水率0.73％。
2．由于纤维束滤料比表面积和表面自由能大，拦截和吸附能力强以及微生物的作用，通过拦截、吸附和生物降解等，在最佳运行工况下，COD的去除率达到46.2～49.8％、BOD_5的去除率达到56.8～71.2％、SS的去除率达到77.8～81.8％、NH_3—N的去除率达到48.6～58.5％、浊度的去除率达到75.6～78.8％。出水水质稳定，达到了《城市污水再生利用 城市杂用水水质》(GB／T 18920—2002)的标准要求。
3．经过技术经济分析，济南市水质净化二厂回用水的制水成本为0.33元／m~3，按现规模9000m~3／d计算，每年可节省自来水用量328.5万m~3，节省自来水水费844.2万元。
4．结合调研与试验结果，对微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒的处理工艺与混凝—沉淀—砂滤—消毒的处理工艺的技术参数、药剂的投加量、运行效果和制水成本等技术经济指标的分析比较，认为：微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒的再生处理工艺技术具有占地面积小、基建投资与运行费用少、维护管理简便、处理效果好、水质稳定等特点，是现阶段较适宜的污水处理回用的选择工艺。
It is well known that the shortage of water has restricted the continuable development of national economy of our country. Nevertheless, it is lucky enough that it has been found that a city's sewage recycle is one of the most effective methods that can be adopted to settle such problems as the shortage of water and the water pollution. At present, the problems that the environmentalists are concerned about are as follows: Which kind of technology of sewage disposal and recycle is selected in order for the treated water quality to come up to the standard of the recycle water that our country has set? How much is invested in the capital construction of projects? How much is needed for paying for the motion? And is it convenient to run and to maintain? On the basis of analyzing the practice in the sewage recycle at home, by means of the recycle project in No. 2 Water Quality Purification Factory in Jinan City, this thesis makes a systematic study of the technology of a city's sewage recycle disposal. And the o
btained results are as follows:
1 .On the basis of the findings report on sewage disposal and recycle carried out in Shandong Province, the present condition is analyzed concerning the
development of the technology of sewage recycle disposal; by means of the treatment technology that the tiny matter resembling cotton is filtered by the collections of filaments and the filtered water is sterilized, an experiment has been conducted of how the water quality is influenced by such motion parameters as the amounts of putting medicaments, the filtering speed of the collections of filaments, the reverse rinse period, and the reverse rinse intensity. In terms of the conducted experiment, the optimum motion parameters are determined of the recycle technology that the tiny matter resembling cotton is filtered by the collections of filaments and the filtered water is sterilized in No. 2 Water Quality Purification Factory in Jinan: the amount of putting PAC is 2mg / L, the filtering speed of the collections of filaments is 30m / h, the reverse rinse period is 36h,
the downward reverse rinse intensity is 6.8L / m .s, the upward reverse rinse
intensity is 3.4L/m .s, and the rate of the water consumption is 0.73%.
2.Because of the largeness of the superficial area and the greatness of the freedom of the filter materials of the collections of filaments, the filter materials of the collections of filaments are of strong abilities to obstruct and to sponge. Because of the existence of the animalcules, occurs the phenomenon that the ingredients of the organisms are decomposed under a certain condition. For these reasons, under the high-point, the elimination rate of COD has reached 46.2-49.8%, that of BOD5 56.8-71.2%, that of SS 77.8-81.8%, that of NH3-N 48.6-58.5%, and that of the cloud level 75.6-78.8%. So to speak, the data of the examined water quality are stabilized; the treated water quality has come up to the standard according to The City's Non-drinking Water Quality Standard (GB/T 18920-2002).
3.Through the technological and the economic analysis, it is known that 0.33 Yuan/m3 is the cost of disposal of sewage in No. 2 Water Quality Purification Factory in Jinan City; in terms of the present scale 9000m3 / d, the tap water of 32.85million m3 is saved and the water rate of 84.42million Yuan is economized every year.
4.In the light of investigations and experiments, such technological and economic targets as technology parameters, amounts of putting medicaments, motion results, and cost of disposal of sewage are analyzed and compared with regard to the treatment technology of mixture-solidification, sediment, grinding
filter, and disinfection and the treatment technology that the tiny matter resembling cotton is filtered by the collections of filaments and the filtered water is sterilized. Consequently, the conclusion is drawn that the comparatively appropriate scheme for the technology of sewage disposal and recycle at the present stage is called the technology of the sewage recycle disposal that
1．论文以山东省污水再生工程运行实践的调查资料为基础，分析了污水再生处理工艺技术的发展现状及发展动向；以济南市水质净化二厂微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒的再生处理工艺为试验研究对象，进行了投药量、纤维束过滤速度、反冲洗周期、反冲洗强度等运行参数对水质影响的试验。经试验得出济南市水质净化二厂微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒再生工艺的最佳运行参数为：混凝剂PAC投加量2mg／L；过滤速度30m／h，反冲洗周期36h，下向洗反沖洗强度6.8L／m~2.s，上向洗反冲洗强度3.4L／m~2.s，耗水率0.73％。
2．由于纤维束滤料比表面积和表面自由能大，拦截和吸附能力强以及微生物的作用，通过拦截、吸附和生物降解等，在最佳运行工况下，COD的去除率达到46.2～49.8％、BOD_5的去除率达到56.8～71.2％、SS的去除率达到77.8～81.8％、NH_3—N的去除率达到48.6～58.5％、浊度的去除率达到75.6～78.8％。出水水质稳定，达到了《城市污水再生利用 城市杂用水水质》(GB／T 18920—2002)的标准要求。
3．经过技术经济分析，济南市水质净化二厂回用水的制水成本为0.33元／m~3，按现规模9000m~3／d计算，每年可节省自来水用量328.5万m~3，节省自来水水费844.2万元。
4．结合调研与试验结果，对微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒的处理工艺与混凝—沉淀—砂滤—消毒的处理工艺的技术参数、药剂的投加量、运行效果和制水成本等技术经济指标的分析比较，认为：微絮凝—纤维束过滤—消毒的再生处理工艺技术具有占地面积小、基建投资与运行费用少、维护管理简便、处理效果好、水质稳定等特点，是现阶段较适宜的污水处理回用的选择工艺。
It is well known that the shortage of water has restricted the continuable development of national economy of our country. Nevertheless, it is lucky enough that it has been found that a city's sewage recycle is one of the most effective methods that can be adopted to settle such problems as the shortage of water and the water pollution. At present, the problems that the environmentalists are concerned about are as follows: Which kind of technology of sewage disposal and recycle is selected in order for the treated water quality to come up to the standard of the recycle water that our country has set? How much is invested in the capital construction of projects? How much is needed for paying for the motion? And is it convenient to run and to maintain? On the basis of analyzing the practice in the sewage recycle at home, by means of the recycle project in No. 2 Water Quality Purification Factory in Jinan City, this thesis makes a systematic study of the technology of a city's sewage recycle disposal. And the o
btained results are as follows:
1 .On the basis of the findings report on sewage disposal and recycle carried out in Shandong Province, the present condition is analyzed concerning the
development of the technology of sewage recycle disposal; by means of the treatment technology that the tiny matter resembling cotton is filtered by the collections of filaments and the filtered water is sterilized, an experiment has been conducted of how the water quality is influenced by such motion parameters as the amounts of putting medicaments, the filtering speed of the collections of filaments, the reverse rinse period, and the reverse rinse intensity. In terms of the conducted experiment, the optimum motion parameters are determined of the recycle technology that the tiny matter resembling cotton is filtered by the collections of filaments and the filtered water is sterilized in No. 2 Water Quality Purification Factory in Jinan: the amount of putting PAC is 2mg / L, the filtering speed of the collections of filaments is 30m / h, the reverse rinse period is 36h,
the downward reverse rinse intensity is 6.8L / m .s, the upward reverse rinse
intensity is 3.4L/m .s, and the rate of the water consumption is 0.73%.
2.Because of the largeness of the superficial area and the greatness of the freedom of the filter materials of the collections of filaments, the filter materials of the collections of filaments are of strong abilities to obstruct and to sponge. Because of the existence of the animalcules, occurs the phenomenon that the ingredients of the organisms are decomposed under a certain condition. For these reasons, under the high-point, the elimination rate of COD has reached 46.2-49.8%, that of BOD5 56.8-71.2%, that of SS 77.8-81.8%, that of NH3-N 48.6-58.5%, and that of the cloud level 75.6-78.8%. So to speak, the data of the examined water quality are stabilized; the treated water quality has come up to the standard according to The City's Non-drinking Water Quality Standard (GB/T 18920-2002).
3.Through the technological and the economic analysis, it is known that 0.33 Yuan/m3 is the cost of disposal of sewage in No. 2 Water Quality Purification Factory in Jinan City; in terms of the present scale 9000m3 / d, the tap water of 32.85million m3 is saved and the water rate of 84.42million Yuan is economized every year.
4.In the light of investigations and experiments, such technological and economic targets as technology parameters, amounts of putting medicaments, motion results, and cost of disposal of sewage are analyzed and compared with regard to the treatment technology of mixture-solidification, sediment, grinding
filter, and disinfection and the treatment technology that the tiny matter resembling cotton is filtered by the collections of filaments and the filtered water is sterilized. Consequently, the conclusion is drawn that the comparatively appropriate scheme for the technology of sewage disposal and recycle at the present stage is called the technology of the sewage recycle disposal that
引文
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11．Dinar A et al: Restoring and Protecting the World's Lakes and Reservoirs, World Bank Technical Paper Number 289, Washington DC: The World Bank, 1995
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3．董辅祥，董欣东：城市与工业节约用水理论，中国建筑工业出版社，2000
4．国家环保总局．2001年中国环境状况公告，2002
5．陈家绮，王浩：水资源学概论，中国水利水电出版社，1996
6．于洋，周金娣，王显军：污水处理与资源化利用，辽宁工程技术大学学报Vol．21，No．3，388～391，2002
7．李国欣，李旭东：污水资源化利用技术现状及其应用，给水排水，2001，27(5)
8．Bulloch J, M. Al-Ayyayedh. Water Wars: Coming Conflicts in the Middle East. London: St. Edmundsbury Press, 1993
9．杨鲁豫，王琳，王宝贞：我国水资源污染治理的技术策略，给水排水，2001，27(1)
10．杨肇蕃等：城市和工业节约用水计划指标体系，中国建筑工业出版社，1993
11．Dinar A et al: Restoring and Protecting the World's Lakes and Reservoirs, World Bank Technical Paper Number 289, Washington DC: The World Bank, 1995
12．马志毅；城市污水回用概述，给水排水Vol．23，No．12，61～63，1997
13．杨复生等：污水资源化—水资源保护与开发的基本战略和对策，城市环境与城市生态，1996，9(4)
14．周彤：城市污水回用的技术研究与工程实践，给水排水Vol．20，No．1，21～23，1994
15．张杰：水资源、水环境与城市污水再生回用，给水排水，1998，24(8)
16．周彤等：污水回用决策与技术，化学工业出版社，2002
17．Russel L．Culp等：城市污水高级处理手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1986
18．陈汉辉：污水回用的发展与前景，污染防治技术Vol．12，No．3，55～57，1999
19．Haafhoff J and Van der Merve B: Twenty—five years of wastewater reclamation in Windhoek, Namibia. War Sci Tech Vol. 33, No. 1O～11, 25～35, 1996
20．郭卫宏等：中水道应用—建筑给排水的发展趋势，给水排水Vol．25，No．12，61～63，1999
21．张玉先，张春妍：改善饮用水水质的处理技术及经济分析，给水排水Vol．24，No．12 1998
22．籍国东，姜兆春等：我国污水资源化的现状分析与对策探讨，环境科学进展Vol．7，NO．5，85～93，1999
23．雷乐成等：污水回用新技术及工程设计，化学工业出版社，2002
24. USEPA: Waster Reuse and Reclamation, Section 2 in Water Services Overview, USEPA Waster Office, 1997
25. Robert G. Smith: Water Reclamation and Resus, Water Environment Research, 1995, 67 (4) 488～493,
26. Gerston J: Treated Wastewater Recharges Aquifer, Texas Water Savers 1997, 4 (3)
27．江世竹，纪华美等：贫水地区用水对策与污水回用，环境保护Vol．3，13～16，1996
28. Friedler E ran.: Waster reuse- an integral part of water resources management: Israel as a case study, Waster Police, Vol. 3, No.1, 29～39, 2001
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