锌精馏冷凝器的模拟实验研究
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摘要
冷凝器如何有效的将锌蒸气冷凝为液态，一直是锌精炼工艺的瓶颈。而目前锌蒸气的热物性参数并不完整。冷凝方面的以往研究所得到的一些实验关联式，一般针对冷却面为回转面或平板表面，误差较大，其结果很难直接应用于锌精馏冷凝设备。因此，通过模拟实验的手段，针对锌精馏冷凝器结构特性进行工业实验是研究设计冷凝器所必要的。
为了有效地分析该类型冷凝器结构特性对冷凝效果的影响，综合考虑了冷凝器现场，工艺及理论计算方面的限制，结合实际测试数据建立了冷凝器的结构数学模型，从实验结果可靠性的角度出发研究并建立了可行的物理实验模型和完整的汽水实验系统，进行了充分的模拟对比实验。在实验的基础上进行了热平衡校核，分析了误差来源。通过对对比实验结果的分析研究认为：在一定的液封压力下，冷凝器的容积对冷凝的影响较大；单独增加散热面积而不考虑长宽比对冷凝器容积空间的影响也是不可取的，合理的长宽比更有利于冷凝器冷凝强度的均匀分布，根据实验结果，并考虑到其它一些不确定因素的影响，最佳的长宽比应在1.15左右；冷凝蒸气入口位置的变化对冷凝量的影响不大，冷凝器仅改变进气口的位置并不能明显提高冷凝能力，但对冷凝器各冷凝面的冷凝强度的均匀性影响较大；当蒸气入口置于中位时，冷凝器壁温分布较为均匀，器壁温差上下变化不大，有利于减少设备热应力，提高设备的使用寿命。
How to effectively condensing zinc vapor into liquid in condenser influences the development of zinc refinery technology all through. There is insufficient data in existing references about the thermodynamics properties of zinc vapor. Dimensional equations attained from the study of condensation usually aim at revolving or tabulating cooling surface. The error is large. It is difficult to use these equations directly for condenser design, thus it is important and necessary to study the structure properties of zinc refinery condenser by simulation experiments
In order to effectively analyzing the influence of the structure characteristics of condenser on the process of condensation, the dissertation synthesized the constraint conditions of field N technique and simulation computation of condenser , and established a structural model. A set of feasible Pilot models and integrated steam/water experimental system had been set up according to the reliability of experimental results, and stimulation experiments had been conducted for comparison. The study checked thermal equilibrium and results, analyzed relative error and error limit. The results of these comparative experiments show that under a given pressure for liquid_encapsulated the volume of a condenser obviously affects the condensation. And it is unfeasible for a condenser to only add its external area, without considering its aspect ratio. A reasonable aspect ratio is beneficial for keeping well-proportioned distribution of condensation intensity. According to the results of these experiments, and taking in
to consideration of some uncertain factors, the best aspect ratio is approximately 1.15; The results of these comparative experiments also show that the position of steam intake almost has no influence on condensation quantity, but the change of the position of steam intake will obviously affect the well-proportioned distribution of condensation intensity. When the intake is placed in the middle of the condenser in the vertical direction, the temperature distribution of condenser wall is uniform, the difference in temperature of a single wall is small, which will be in favor of reducing thermal stress and improving the longevity of the use of condenser.
为了有效地分析该类型冷凝器结构特性对冷凝效果的影响，综合考虑了冷凝器现场，工艺及理论计算方面的限制，结合实际测试数据建立了冷凝器的结构数学模型，从实验结果可靠性的角度出发研究并建立了可行的物理实验模型和完整的汽水实验系统，进行了充分的模拟对比实验。在实验的基础上进行了热平衡校核，分析了误差来源。通过对对比实验结果的分析研究认为：在一定的液封压力下，冷凝器的容积对冷凝的影响较大；单独增加散热面积而不考虑长宽比对冷凝器容积空间的影响也是不可取的，合理的长宽比更有利于冷凝器冷凝强度的均匀分布，根据实验结果，并考虑到其它一些不确定因素的影响，最佳的长宽比应在1.15左右；冷凝蒸气入口位置的变化对冷凝量的影响不大，冷凝器仅改变进气口的位置并不能明显提高冷凝能力，但对冷凝器各冷凝面的冷凝强度的均匀性影响较大；当蒸气入口置于中位时，冷凝器壁温分布较为均匀，器壁温差上下变化不大，有利于减少设备热应力，提高设备的使用寿命。
How to effectively condensing zinc vapor into liquid in condenser influences the development of zinc refinery technology all through. There is insufficient data in existing references about the thermodynamics properties of zinc vapor. Dimensional equations attained from the study of condensation usually aim at revolving or tabulating cooling surface. The error is large. It is difficult to use these equations directly for condenser design, thus it is important and necessary to study the structure properties of zinc refinery condenser by simulation experiments
In order to effectively analyzing the influence of the structure characteristics of condenser on the process of condensation, the dissertation synthesized the constraint conditions of field N technique and simulation computation of condenser , and established a structural model. A set of feasible Pilot models and integrated steam/water experimental system had been set up according to the reliability of experimental results, and stimulation experiments had been conducted for comparison. The study checked thermal equilibrium and results, analyzed relative error and error limit. The results of these comparative experiments show that under a given pressure for liquid_encapsulated the volume of a condenser obviously affects the condensation. And it is unfeasible for a condenser to only add its external area, without considering its aspect ratio. A reasonable aspect ratio is beneficial for keeping well-proportioned distribution of condensation intensity. According to the results of these experiments, and taking in
to consideration of some uncertain factors, the best aspect ratio is approximately 1.15; The results of these comparative experiments also show that the position of steam intake almost has no influence on condensation quantity, but the change of the position of steam intake will obviously affect the well-proportioned distribution of condensation intensity. When the intake is placed in the middle of the condenser in the vertical direction, the temperature distribution of condenser wall is uniform, the difference in temperature of a single wall is small, which will be in favor of reducing thermal stress and improving the longevity of the use of condenser.
引文
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