地铁联络通道水平冻结土体冻胀和温度场的研究
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摘要
在联络通道冻结施工过程中,冻土的力学性质发生了剧烈变化,而且在此过程中冻土伴随着冻胀的产生、发展及融沉的形成,其水平冻结引起的过量冻胀量和融沉量有可能破坏地下管线或造成地基失稳,使邻近建筑物(构筑物)产生倾斜、裂缝等事故。同时,因冻结产生的冻胀力也将对主隧道产生不利影响,必须控制好冻土帷幕温度场的发展,使得冻土帷幕的强度和稳定性能保证联络通道开挖要求,也要保证周围设施的安全。研究地铁联络通道冻结施工引起的冻融和温度场具有重要的现实意义。
本文通过对水平冻结法联络通道施工所产生的冻胀、融沉和冻土帷幕温度场进行研究,得出了有价值的结论,从而进一步推广水平冻结法在地铁联络通道中的应用具有一定的指导意义和奠定了理论基础。研究内容及结论如下:
1.建立联络通道三维计算模型,采用有限差分软件FLAC~(3D),选择合适的参数、本构模型和强度准则,对联络通道水平冻结施工进行模拟计算分析,包括以下几方面:
①在冻结施工过程中,对冻胀、融沉产生的地表变形进行数值计算,将模拟结果与工程实例作比较,其结果吻合较好,可以指导施工。
②确定冻结温度场的分布规律,研究相邻的两个冻结管交圈时和达到冻土帷幕厚度时所需时间,并与工程实例作比较,其结果吻合良好,可指导施工。
③研究联络通道冻结施工产生的冻胀力对上、下行隧道产生的影响,以及冻土帷幕自身所受力的情况。联络通道施工对主隧道在三个方向产生附加变形,须采取措施控制主隧道的变形。
④模拟联络通道土体开挖对地表变形的影响,同时计算冻土帷幕的安全系数,以确定冻土帷幕设计参数是否能满足开挖要求。结果表明,土体开挖对地表变形影响较少;在确保冻土帷幕厚度和强度条件下,联络通道施工是安全的。
2.分析冻胀、融沉机理及影响因素,对冻结温度场的数学模型进行理论推导分析,确定温度分布规律。分析可得单管冻结区的温度分布呈对数曲线分布,而降温区的温度分布近似呈直线分布;双管冻结温度分布的中间区域部分温度基本保持平稳。
3.研究埋深、冻土帷幕厚度、冻土帷幕开挖半径各项参数变化时对地表变形的影响,同时对水平冻结法产生的冻胀、融沉提出一些必要的预防控制措施。
For the cross passage using artificial freezing construction, the mechanical nature of frozen soil not only generates dramatic changes, but also frozen soil is accompanied by the formation of freezing and thawing, and the amount of freezing and thawing caused by artificial freezing method may damage underground pipeline and the instability of foundation, then tilt the adjacent buildings (structures), produce cracks, the main tunnels will also produce a series of adverse effects due to freezing. So the temperature field development of frozen soil curtain should be control well, and the strength and stability of frozen soil curtain must satisfy excavation requirements. It is very important to study on frost heaving and temperature field of cross passage by artificial horizontal freezing method.
In this study, by the research of freezing and thawing、temperature field of frozen soil, we can draw valuable conclusions, which have certain guiding significance and establish theoretical foundation to further promote the application of freezing method to cross passage. Some valuable conclusions are drawn as follows:
1. Numerical simulation for the cross passage construction using is carried out by using the code FLAC~(3D). Based on appropriate parameters for models, some results are obtained:
①In the construction process, we have numerical calculation to surface deformation which is produced by freezing and thawing, the results will be compared with the Project and the results are anastomotic, so conclusions can guide construction.
②Determine the distribution of freezing temperature field, and study the two adjacent freezing pipes overlapping time and time which reaching the necessary thickness of frozen soil curtain, the results will be compared with the Project and the results are anastomotic, so conclusions can guide construction.
③Study the impact of frost heaving to main tunnels by the construction of freezing, and frozen soil curtain suffered force. The construction of cross passage produces additional deformation in three directions to main tunnels, so measures must be adopted to control deformation.
④Simulate the impact of surface deformation of cross passage by excavation, at the same time calculate the safety factor of frozen soil curtain to determine whether the design parameters can meet the requirements of excavation. The results shows that soil excavation has a little impact to surface deformation, we can ensure that under the condition of thickness and intensity of frozen soil curtain, the construction of cross passage is safe.
2. Mechanism of freezing and thawing and analysis of influencing factor, a theoretical analysis of the freezing temperature field of the mathematical model to determine the temperature distribution rule. One pipe freezing zone temperature shows the distribution of logarithmic curve and cooling zone temperature shows the distribution of aligning; the temperature is basically smooth in the middle of two pipes freezing temperature field.
3. Finally, influence of factors such as depth of cross passage, thickness of frozen soil ring, and soil excavation radius on the ground surface is studied. Some measures against soil freezing and thawing are summaried.
本文通过对水平冻结法联络通道施工所产生的冻胀、融沉和冻土帷幕温度场进行研究,得出了有价值的结论,从而进一步推广水平冻结法在地铁联络通道中的应用具有一定的指导意义和奠定了理论基础。研究内容及结论如下:
1.建立联络通道三维计算模型,采用有限差分软件FLAC~(3D),选择合适的参数、本构模型和强度准则,对联络通道水平冻结施工进行模拟计算分析,包括以下几方面:
①在冻结施工过程中,对冻胀、融沉产生的地表变形进行数值计算,将模拟结果与工程实例作比较,其结果吻合较好,可以指导施工。
②确定冻结温度场的分布规律,研究相邻的两个冻结管交圈时和达到冻土帷幕厚度时所需时间,并与工程实例作比较,其结果吻合良好,可指导施工。
③研究联络通道冻结施工产生的冻胀力对上、下行隧道产生的影响,以及冻土帷幕自身所受力的情况。联络通道施工对主隧道在三个方向产生附加变形,须采取措施控制主隧道的变形。
④模拟联络通道土体开挖对地表变形的影响,同时计算冻土帷幕的安全系数,以确定冻土帷幕设计参数是否能满足开挖要求。结果表明,土体开挖对地表变形影响较少;在确保冻土帷幕厚度和强度条件下,联络通道施工是安全的。
2.分析冻胀、融沉机理及影响因素,对冻结温度场的数学模型进行理论推导分析,确定温度分布规律。分析可得单管冻结区的温度分布呈对数曲线分布,而降温区的温度分布近似呈直线分布;双管冻结温度分布的中间区域部分温度基本保持平稳。
3.研究埋深、冻土帷幕厚度、冻土帷幕开挖半径各项参数变化时对地表变形的影响,同时对水平冻结法产生的冻胀、融沉提出一些必要的预防控制措施。
For the cross passage using artificial freezing construction, the mechanical nature of frozen soil not only generates dramatic changes, but also frozen soil is accompanied by the formation of freezing and thawing, and the amount of freezing and thawing caused by artificial freezing method may damage underground pipeline and the instability of foundation, then tilt the adjacent buildings (structures), produce cracks, the main tunnels will also produce a series of adverse effects due to freezing. So the temperature field development of frozen soil curtain should be control well, and the strength and stability of frozen soil curtain must satisfy excavation requirements. It is very important to study on frost heaving and temperature field of cross passage by artificial horizontal freezing method.
In this study, by the research of freezing and thawing、temperature field of frozen soil, we can draw valuable conclusions, which have certain guiding significance and establish theoretical foundation to further promote the application of freezing method to cross passage. Some valuable conclusions are drawn as follows:
1. Numerical simulation for the cross passage construction using is carried out by using the code FLAC~(3D). Based on appropriate parameters for models, some results are obtained:
①In the construction process, we have numerical calculation to surface deformation which is produced by freezing and thawing, the results will be compared with the Project and the results are anastomotic, so conclusions can guide construction.
②Determine the distribution of freezing temperature field, and study the two adjacent freezing pipes overlapping time and time which reaching the necessary thickness of frozen soil curtain, the results will be compared with the Project and the results are anastomotic, so conclusions can guide construction.
③Study the impact of frost heaving to main tunnels by the construction of freezing, and frozen soil curtain suffered force. The construction of cross passage produces additional deformation in three directions to main tunnels, so measures must be adopted to control deformation.
④Simulate the impact of surface deformation of cross passage by excavation, at the same time calculate the safety factor of frozen soil curtain to determine whether the design parameters can meet the requirements of excavation. The results shows that soil excavation has a little impact to surface deformation, we can ensure that under the condition of thickness and intensity of frozen soil curtain, the construction of cross passage is safe.
2. Mechanism of freezing and thawing and analysis of influencing factor, a theoretical analysis of the freezing temperature field of the mathematical model to determine the temperature distribution rule. One pipe freezing zone temperature shows the distribution of logarithmic curve and cooling zone temperature shows the distribution of aligning; the temperature is basically smooth in the middle of two pipes freezing temperature field.
3. Finally, influence of factors such as depth of cross passage, thickness of frozen soil ring, and soil excavation radius on the ground surface is studied. Some measures against soil freezing and thawing are summaried.
引文
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3.Everett D H.The thermodynamics of frost damage to porous solids[J].Trans Faraday Soc,1961,57:1541-1551
4.Miller R D.Freezing and heaving of saturated and unsaturated soils[J].Highway Research Record,1972,393:1-11
5.程国栋.冻土力学与工程的国际研究新进展--2000年国际地层冻结和土冻结作用会议综述[R].比利时,Inter,2000
6.陈湘生,濮家骝.土壤冻胀离心模拟试验[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(6):615-619
7.王建平,王文顺.人工冻结土体冻胀融沉的模型试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(4):303-306
8.Taylor G S,Luthin J N.A model for coupled heat and moisture transfer during soil freezing[J].Can.Geotech.J.,1978.15:548-555.
9.安维东等.冻土的温度水分应力及相互作用[M].兰州大学出版社 1989
10.李洪升、张斌等.一维冻结土体冻胀量的水热力耦合计算[J].大连理工大学学报,1999,39(5):621-624
11.何平,程国栋.饱和正冻土中的水、热、力场藕合模型[J]冰川冻上 2000.6
12.李洪升等.基于冻土水分温度和外荷载相互作用的冻胀模式[J].大连理工大学学报,1998,38(1):29-33
13.周希圣.隧道冻结工程水、温度、应力、位移场的藕合研究[D].中国矿业大学博士学位沦文 1996.6
14.付厚利.深厚表土中冻结壁解冻阶段井壁竖直附加力变化规律的研究[D].中国矿业大学博士学位论文 2000.6
15.赖远明,吴紫汪,朱元林等.寒区隧道温度场、渗流场和应力场藕合问题的非线性分析[J].岩土工程学报,1999,VOL.21,NO.5:429-533
16.程桦.城市地下工程人工地层冻结技术现状及展望明.淮南工业学院学报,200020(2):12-16
17.何平.冻土融沉系数评价方法[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(6)
18.程桦,臧华.人工地层水平冻结冻胀效应准藕合数值分析[J].岩土工程学报 2003.1
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