转炉炼钢二级喷射氧枪的研究与开发
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摘要
氧气顶吹转炉炼钢法的优点是：设备简单、投资少、生产率高等。但它同样也存在着一些缺点，如：在吹炼的前期和后期，熔池搅拌弱、炉温不均，成份不均、粘枪和烧枪等，而这些缺点与氧枪不合理结构是密切相关的，因此，对氧气顶吹转炉氧枪进行技术改造是十分具有研究意义的。
造成氧气顶吹转炉炼钢缺点的主要原因是：(1)造成熔池搅拌弱、炉温不均，成份不均的主要原因是气体射流与液态金属的冲击面积和冲击动能的配比不够合理。(2)造成粘枪和烧枪的主要原因是氧枪的枪头是浸没在泡沫渣中的。
通过大量的理论研究和实践调研，本人对原氧枪进行了技术改造，在原氧枪的喷头上方700毫米处增设了一个由4个单孔拉瓦尔喷嘴构成二级级喷头。对所设计改造的二级喷射氧枪进行了冷态水和甘油模拟冲击试验，可得出如下主要结论：(1)搅拌液体的作用力是由二部分构成，即气体射流与液体之间的摩檫力和溶解于液体中的气体上升时的浮力。(2)液体的运动是环流运动，并有大量的小液滴存在。(3)二级氧枪可使气体射流与液态金属的冲击面积和冲击动能的配比更为合理，使原氧枪的喷头处在上方喷头的气体保护下工作，从而减轻粘枪和烧枪现象。
本论文的创新点在于顶吹转炉氧枪的技术改造，使用二级喷射氧枪可加强熔池搅拌，使炉温不均，成份不均得以改善，二级喷射氧枪使用寿命得到明显提高。
The top blown oxygen converting process have many advantages, Such as simple in steelmaking equipment, smaller investment in capital contruction, high productivity, etc. The top blown oxygen converting process also have some disadvantages.For example, at the top blown oxygen converter blowing later period, the agitation of bath in the molten furnace is weak. There are furnace temperature gradient and composition of the liquid steel heterogeneous and oxygen gun adhesion phenomenon and so on. Hence, the technological innovation of converter oxygen gun has a profound study significance for the top blown oxygen converting.
In this paper we study steelmaking technology of the top blown oxygen converter. With the intent of seeking a new steelmaking technology of the top blown oxygen converter. This steelmaking technology can not only continue to have the original the top blown oxygen converter's advantages, but also overcomes the original shortcomings of the top blown oxygen converter. The content include that the theoretical study of the converter steelmaking technology, the technologcal innovation of the jet oxygen gun, the cold simulation test of the dual blown head oxygen gun, the theoretical analysis of the cold simulation test, the design calculation of the dual blown head oxygen gun and study of the feasibility of the dual blown head oxygen gun for industrialization production.
There are some main reasons for the top blown oxygen converter's disadvantages: (l)The impact area and impact kinetic energy mix is not reasonableness. (2)The blown head of oxygen gun was soaked foam slag when the oxygen gun work.
I have carried out the original oxygen gun technological innovation by a great of theoretical study and practice investigate and study, the dual blown head oxygen gun was designed by us .It adds one blown head to the original oxygen gun on the original oxygen gun blown head 700mm.(It has four single opening blown head.)
The dual blown head oxygen gun was designed and remade by us, we make water and glycerol cold simulation impact test, the cold experiment indicates that (1)Liquid agitation is intension or weak, this is direct proportion with gas impact kinetic energy. (2)Liquid agitation force was composed of two parts: the frictional force between gas jet and liquid and the buoyancy that is when the gas dissolves in liquid go up. (3)After the gas jet gushed from the blown head, the cross section is gradually extended and speed is decrease. (4)The movement of the liquid is liquid circulation and there are a large of a drop of liquid on liquid level.
The innovation point of this paper is the technologcal innovation of converter oxygen gun. We believe that it will intensify agitation of molten bath, making furnace temperature and composition of steel liquid gradient can improve, making the service life of the jet gun increase.
造成氧气顶吹转炉炼钢缺点的主要原因是：(1)造成熔池搅拌弱、炉温不均，成份不均的主要原因是气体射流与液态金属的冲击面积和冲击动能的配比不够合理。(2)造成粘枪和烧枪的主要原因是氧枪的枪头是浸没在泡沫渣中的。
通过大量的理论研究和实践调研，本人对原氧枪进行了技术改造，在原氧枪的喷头上方700毫米处增设了一个由4个单孔拉瓦尔喷嘴构成二级级喷头。对所设计改造的二级喷射氧枪进行了冷态水和甘油模拟冲击试验，可得出如下主要结论：(1)搅拌液体的作用力是由二部分构成，即气体射流与液体之间的摩檫力和溶解于液体中的气体上升时的浮力。(2)液体的运动是环流运动，并有大量的小液滴存在。(3)二级氧枪可使气体射流与液态金属的冲击面积和冲击动能的配比更为合理，使原氧枪的喷头处在上方喷头的气体保护下工作，从而减轻粘枪和烧枪现象。
本论文的创新点在于顶吹转炉氧枪的技术改造，使用二级喷射氧枪可加强熔池搅拌，使炉温不均，成份不均得以改善，二级喷射氧枪使用寿命得到明显提高。
The top blown oxygen converting process have many advantages, Such as simple in steelmaking equipment, smaller investment in capital contruction, high productivity, etc. The top blown oxygen converting process also have some disadvantages.For example, at the top blown oxygen converter blowing later period, the agitation of bath in the molten furnace is weak. There are furnace temperature gradient and composition of the liquid steel heterogeneous and oxygen gun adhesion phenomenon and so on. Hence, the technological innovation of converter oxygen gun has a profound study significance for the top blown oxygen converting.
In this paper we study steelmaking technology of the top blown oxygen converter. With the intent of seeking a new steelmaking technology of the top blown oxygen converter. This steelmaking technology can not only continue to have the original the top blown oxygen converter's advantages, but also overcomes the original shortcomings of the top blown oxygen converter. The content include that the theoretical study of the converter steelmaking technology, the technologcal innovation of the jet oxygen gun, the cold simulation test of the dual blown head oxygen gun, the theoretical analysis of the cold simulation test, the design calculation of the dual blown head oxygen gun and study of the feasibility of the dual blown head oxygen gun for industrialization production.
There are some main reasons for the top blown oxygen converter's disadvantages: (l)The impact area and impact kinetic energy mix is not reasonableness. (2)The blown head of oxygen gun was soaked foam slag when the oxygen gun work.
I have carried out the original oxygen gun technological innovation by a great of theoretical study and practice investigate and study, the dual blown head oxygen gun was designed by us .It adds one blown head to the original oxygen gun on the original oxygen gun blown head 700mm.(It has four single opening blown head.)
The dual blown head oxygen gun was designed and remade by us, we make water and glycerol cold simulation impact test, the cold experiment indicates that (1)Liquid agitation is intension or weak, this is direct proportion with gas impact kinetic energy. (2)Liquid agitation force was composed of two parts: the frictional force between gas jet and liquid and the buoyancy that is when the gas dissolves in liquid go up. (3)After the gas jet gushed from the blown head, the cross section is gradually extended and speed is decrease. (4)The movement of the liquid is liquid circulation and there are a large of a drop of liquid on liquid level.
The innovation point of this paper is the technologcal innovation of converter oxygen gun. We believe that it will intensify agitation of molten bath, making furnace temperature and composition of steel liquid gradient can improve, making the service life of the jet gun increase.
引文
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[42] (美)丁·舍克里著，冶金中的流体流动现象[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1985。。
[43] 谭牧田编，氧气转炉炼钢设备[M]、机械工业出版社，1983
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[47] 陆钟武、论钢铁工业的废钢资源[J]、钢铁，2004：66～70
[48] 张寿荣、关于21世纪我国钢铁工业的若干思考[J]、炼钢，2002，2：5～10。
[49] 姜钧普、钢铁生产短流程新技术—沙钢的实践(炼钢篇)[J]、北京：冶金工业出版社，2000(5)：35-38
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[51] 李楠编著，耐火材料与钢铁的反应及对钢质的影响[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，2005。
[52] 赖兆奕等，转炉长寿与经济炉龄，2003年中国钢铁年会论文集第三卷[M]。北京：冶金工业出版社，2003。
[53] 殷瑞钰．关于钢铁工业和钢厂结构优化的工程评论[J]。钢铁，1994，29，(3)：1～21。
[54] 蒋汉华，我国钢铁工业节能潜力分析[J]。冶金能源，1993，12(6)：3～7。
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[60] T.A.Engn. Pdnciple of Metal Refining. Oxford University Press, 1992.chapter(5.6).9
[2] 中国金属学会，中国钢铁工业协会组编。2006-2020年中国钢铁工业科学与技术发展[J]。北京：冶金工业出版社。2006(8)，80-110
[3] 钢铁编辑部，90年代钢铁工业的发展趋势——第六届国际钢铁大会文集[J]，1991(3)，20-25。
[4] GIJEON INDUSTRIES CO，LD、废钢处理介绍[J]2001，2l(7)：23-35。．
[5] Metpro Machinery Limited废钢处理介绍[J]2002。29(10)：63-74。
[6] The Third china-Japan Symosium on Scicence and Technology of Iron and Steel, 1985, 17 (8): 384-480
[7] 东北工学院，徐文派主编，转炉炼钢学[M]，冶金工业出版社，1988
[8] 郑沛然主编，炼钢学[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，2002。
[9] 赵荣玖等主编，国外转炉顶底复合吹炼技术[M]，上，下册。钢铁编辑部出版，1985年。
[10] 魏庆成编著，冶金热力学[M]，重庆，重庆大学出版社，1996。
[11] 黄希祜编，钢铁冶金过程理论[M]，北京，冶金工业出版社2004：209-216。
[12] T.A.Engn. Principle of Metal Refining.Oxford Vniversity Press, 1992.Chapter(5.6.9)。
[13] 中国大百科编著，矿冶卷，北京中国大百科全书出版社，冶金过程物理化学，钢铁冶金过程的化学反应[M]。1984。
[14] 曲英、万天骥等译，物理化学和炼钢[M]，冶金工业出版社，1984：98-156。
[15] The Verein Deutsher Eisenhutt enleute slag atlas, 1981.
[16] k.Nakanishi, T, FUjii and J.SZekely: lronmakingand steelmaking, (1975), 193
[17] [日]鞭岩、森山昭、合著，蔡志鹏、谢裕生译，冶金反应工程学[M]，科学出版社，1981：43-86。
[18] 陈国发等编，相图原理与冶金相图[M]，冶金工业出版社，2004：103-115。
[19] 余宗森、袁译喜、李士琦、武骏编著，钢的成分残留元素及其性能的定量关系[J]，冶金工业出版社，2001(5)：37-40。
[20] Pavid R.Gaskell. Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics, 1982.chapter10.
[21] C.B.Bodsworth.H.B.Bell.Physical Chemistry of Ironand Steel Manufacture. 2nd edition, Longman, 1972.pp.164～185
[22] Hundy BB. Metalluygical Developments in Carbon Steels. Pub.81. Iron and Steel Inst. London.1983, 21 (7): 189-196。
[23] 李正邦、钢铁治金前沿技术[J]、北京：冶金工业出版社，1997，(3)：8-10
[24] 杜挺等，钢铁冶炼新工艺[M]、北京：北京大学出版社，1994。
[25] 梁爱生、钢铁生产新技术[M]、北京：冶金工业出版社，1993
[26] E.T.Turkdogan. Physicochemical Properties of Molten slags and Glasses. The Metal Socity, 1983.chapter2.6
[27] 付杰编著，钢冶金过程动力学[M]。，冶金工业出版社，2001。
[28] 姜春芳，武钢技术[J]，1994(11)：7
[29] 候文泰、梁采风， 钢铁研究学报[J]，1994，6(2)：40
[30] 雍岐龙、郑鲁、金属学报，1984年，20(1)：A9．
[31] 蒋仲乐、炼钢工艺及设备[M]、北京：冶金工业出版社 1981。
[32] 祝桂华等编，电炉炼钢原理及工艺[M]．冶金工业出版社．2001
[33] MANNESMANN DEMAG. the program control system for MD-OPen Die Forge Plants, MD-DATAFORGE1989, 17 (8) : 483-448
[34] 周建男编著、钢铁生产工艺装备新技术[M]、北京：冶金工业出版社2004。
[35] D.C.Hilty. Electric furnace steelmaking. Vol.2, Interscience Publishers
[36] Manfred Haissig Gerhard Fuchs. Wemer Auer Eletric arc furnace technology beyond the Year2000 Metallurgical Plant and technology, 1999, 1: 56～63
[37] Y.Nakamura, T. Ohno and k.Segawa: Proc.Int. conf.Sci Tech. Iron and steel Inst.JaPan, Part 1(1971)P.456
[38] J.Szekely, J.c.Wang, and K.M.kiser, Metall.Trans.TB, 287(1976).
[39] K.Schwerdffeger and H.G.Schubert: Met. Trans, 8B(1977) 535
[40] Fundamental of Metallial Processes. 1978, 184
[41] N. Standish and I.D.Williams: Blast Furnace Aerodynamics, Ed, by N.Standish Australasian Inst.Min.Metall 1975: 9.
[42] (美)丁·舍克里著，冶金中的流体流动现象[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1985。。
[43] 谭牧田编，氧气转炉炼钢设备[M]、机械工业出版社，1983
[44] 罗振才、炼钢机械[M]、北京：冶金工业出版社，1982。
[45] Owonf Devereux. Topics in Metallurgical Thermodynamics. John Wiley and Sons. 1983.chapter 9.11
[46] Yin RuiYu. The Way of Speeding up Development of Continuous Casting in P.R.China. The Second International Conference on Continous Casting of Steel(CCC'97).Organized by the Chinese Society for Metals October 1997, China.
[47] 陆钟武、论钢铁工业的废钢资源[J]、钢铁，2004：66～70
[48] 张寿荣、关于21世纪我国钢铁工业的若干思考[J]、炼钢，2002，2：5～10。
[49] 姜钧普、钢铁生产短流程新技术—沙钢的实践(炼钢篇)[J]、北京：冶金工业出版社，2000(5)：35-38
[50] 殷瑞钰主编，中国钢铁工业崛起与技术进步[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，2004。
[51] 李楠编著，耐火材料与钢铁的反应及对钢质的影响[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，2005。
[52] 赖兆奕等，转炉长寿与经济炉龄，2003年中国钢铁年会论文集第三卷[M]。北京：冶金工业出版社，2003。
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