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统计过程控制在软件过程改进中的应用研究
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摘要
软件是一类重要的资源,其质量的优劣直接影响到使用者的绩效。随着软件业的蓬勃发展,软件的质量越来越引起人们的广泛关注。反映和控制软件质量的状况,是软件质量研究的主要内容。国际上,软件质量管理比较成功的做法是在软件企业内建立质量保障体系,如通过CMM能力成熟度模型或ISO9001认证。这两种质量保障体系都非常重视软件过程改进。本文把统计过程控制原理运用于软件过程改进,着重研究了利用Shewhart控制图分析与监控软件过程,改进软件过程,提高软件过程能力,保证软件过程处于稳定的控制状态,改善软件产品的质量,提高软件企业的效率与效益,进而增强软件企业的竞争力。
     本文针对软件过程改进,介绍了统计过程控制图的基本结构和基本原理,分析了目前国内外软件过程改进的基本情况,剖析了软件过程改进的必要性。为了保证对软件过程问题的诊断有的放矢,保证数据的针对性、有效性,制定了软件的度量计划。利用传统的Shewhart控制图(如散点图、折线图、因果图、直方图、排列图等)分析、处理软件过程改进中所采集的数据,去粗取精,去伪存真,找出其中的规律,分析影响软件过程的的因素,确定软件质量改进的方向。利用带有控制线的Shewhart控制图,分析、监控软件过程,找出软件过程波动的规律,确定过程失控的原因,保证软件过程长期地处于稳定的统计控制状态,并使软件过程具有一定的可预测性。针对传统的Shewhart控制图不具备时域性的缺点,引入了加权移动平均思想,对Shewhart图进行了改进,并提出了统计过程控制的实施流程框架。
The software is such an important resource than its qualities affect the users' performance. As the large numbers of software corporations boom, the software qualities more and more arouse extensive concern. A essential aspect of software quantity study is to provide and supervise the state of software qualities. The many foreign software corporations attribute their success to CMM or ISO9001 which attachs great importance to software process improvement. By applying the principle of statistical process control to software process improvement, the paper studies particularly how to analyse and control software process with the Shewhart chart in order to improve the capability of software process and enhance the competition power of software corporations.
    Firstly, the paper introduces the basical structure and principle of the Shewhart chart, analyses the current inland and overseas primary situation of software process improvement and anatomies the necessity of software process improvement. Secondly, the scheme of software measuring is worked out, which ensures the questions of software process to be diagnosed correctly. Thirdly, by analysing and processing the datum which have been collected for software process improvement with the traditional Shewhart chart, the laws which the datum imply would be revealed so as to determine the factors which effect on software process improvement and the direction for the improvement of software quality. Next, by analysing and controlling software process by the Shewhart chart with control
    lines, the fluctuation law of software process would be detected and the causes of process which is out of control would be found out so as to ensure that software process has constantly been under control. Finally, because of the defect that it hasn't the time span, the traditional Shewhart chart is improved by introducing weighted move average, In addition, the framework of implementation procedure of statistical process control is brought forward in the paper.
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