CBR理论、方法及其在冲模CAD中应用的研究
|
摘要
在当前科学技术、经济高速发展的时代，模具设计方面的专家人才，尤其是年轻人才十分匮乏。随着计算机、远程通讯、电子、汽车工业的迅速发展，这些领域的消费者对产品的要求日新月异，因此，产品的生命周期相当短。为解决这些矛盾，迫切需要为模具设计人员提供一个最大程度地代替人的劳动、高效率的智能模具设计工具。
本文介绍了基于实例推理的智能冲压模具CAD系统的开发及功能特点。考虑到冲压模具中，同一类模具内存在很多相似的模具族的特点，本文将人工智能中的基于事例推理技术(CBR)引入到冲压模具设计中。文中较全面系统地研究了CBR技术的原理以及在冲压模具设计领域应用的方法，通过特征造型技术、层次分析法、面向对象的零件信息表达等一系列技术的研究和应用，将冲压模具CAD系统的智能化研究做了更深入的探讨。
本设计系统可分为五个子模块。零件设计模块完成模具零件形状及尺寸、精度等设计；总装设计模块进行特征识别、装配过程的确定及总装图的生成；数据库和图库管理模块完成标准零件与模具标准结构的存储及所设计零件的保存；工程绘图模块为用户提供自动生成二维工程图，产生明细表、剖面线等功能；实例检索重用模块即基于旧实例进行推理，通过重用或借鉴以往经验，快速生成新的模具。
本系统是由大连理工大学CAD所与长春客车厂合作开发的。系统现在主体已经开发完成，部分软件已交付用户考核试用，已基本实现了预期的功能和性能指标。
Nowadays, technology and economy are developing at very fast speed. With the rapid development of computer, long-distance communication, electron and motor industry, etc., those consumers require the products updating with each passing day, so the lifecycle of product is comparative short. However, technology experts of mould and die are lacking for the modernization of production. To solve the conflict, an intellective mould-designing tool that can relieve human intelligent labor should be developed.
This paper deals with the development of intellective stamping die CAD system based on CBR. Considering that there are many similar die families in product database of mould, the technology of case-based reasoning has been introduced into the research on stamping die design. The principle of CBR and the method by which CBR applies in the domain of stamping die design are researched systematically in the all-round way. By studying the technologies such as feature modeling, analytical hierarchy process, object-oriented integrated information expression, etc., the intelligence on stamping die CAD system is discussed and developed.
The system mainly includes five modules. Part design module designs shape, dimension and precision, etc. for the machine parts; Assemblage module identifies the character, designs assemble process and completes the assembly drawing; Database and configuration management module saves the standard parts and die standard structure, and stores the completed design works; Project drawing mndule generates the two-dimensional drawing automatically and creates the list and section lines; Retrieving and reusing cases module, viz. reasoning based on existed product cases, help designers reuse the existed design directly or partially in new design.
This system has been nearly finished and are evaluating and testing by customer users. The operating results show that the predefined functions and performance had been achieved.
本文介绍了基于实例推理的智能冲压模具CAD系统的开发及功能特点。考虑到冲压模具中，同一类模具内存在很多相似的模具族的特点，本文将人工智能中的基于事例推理技术(CBR)引入到冲压模具设计中。文中较全面系统地研究了CBR技术的原理以及在冲压模具设计领域应用的方法，通过特征造型技术、层次分析法、面向对象的零件信息表达等一系列技术的研究和应用，将冲压模具CAD系统的智能化研究做了更深入的探讨。
本设计系统可分为五个子模块。零件设计模块完成模具零件形状及尺寸、精度等设计；总装设计模块进行特征识别、装配过程的确定及总装图的生成；数据库和图库管理模块完成标准零件与模具标准结构的存储及所设计零件的保存；工程绘图模块为用户提供自动生成二维工程图，产生明细表、剖面线等功能；实例检索重用模块即基于旧实例进行推理，通过重用或借鉴以往经验，快速生成新的模具。
本系统是由大连理工大学CAD所与长春客车厂合作开发的。系统现在主体已经开发完成，部分软件已交付用户考核试用，已基本实现了预期的功能和性能指标。
Nowadays, technology and economy are developing at very fast speed. With the rapid development of computer, long-distance communication, electron and motor industry, etc., those consumers require the products updating with each passing day, so the lifecycle of product is comparative short. However, technology experts of mould and die are lacking for the modernization of production. To solve the conflict, an intellective mould-designing tool that can relieve human intelligent labor should be developed.
This paper deals with the development of intellective stamping die CAD system based on CBR. Considering that there are many similar die families in product database of mould, the technology of case-based reasoning has been introduced into the research on stamping die design. The principle of CBR and the method by which CBR applies in the domain of stamping die design are researched systematically in the all-round way. By studying the technologies such as feature modeling, analytical hierarchy process, object-oriented integrated information expression, etc., the intelligence on stamping die CAD system is discussed and developed.
The system mainly includes five modules. Part design module designs shape, dimension and precision, etc. for the machine parts; Assemblage module identifies the character, designs assemble process and completes the assembly drawing; Database and configuration management module saves the standard parts and die standard structure, and stores the completed design works; Project drawing mndule generates the two-dimensional drawing automatically and creates the list and section lines; Retrieving and reusing cases module, viz. reasoning based on existed product cases, help designers reuse the existed design directly or partially in new design.
This system has been nearly finished and are evaluating and testing by customer users. The operating results show that the predefined functions and performance had been achieved.
引文
[1] 姜奎华．冲压工艺与设计手册．机械工业出版社．
[2] 王芳．冷冲压模具设计指导．机械工业出版社．1998年．
[3] 冲模设计手册．机械工业出版社．《冲模设计手册》编写组．1999年．
[4] SolidWorks 99 User Guide. SolidWorks Corporation.
[5] 杨子江、杨小虎等．基于STEP的CAD知识表达．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．Vol．13，No．2
[6] 唐增宝，钟毅芳等．基于特征的零件模型中特征的分类及其表达方法．机械．
[7] Yaol Lee, Jae; Kim, Kwangsoo. A feature-based approach to extracting machining features. Computer-Aided Design, Volume: 30, Issue: 13, November, 1998, pp. 1019-1035.
[8] 杨鑫华，姜来金．基于参数化特征造型的三维冲裁模标准件库的建立．模具工业．2001．No．7．
[9] 张永宗，李和平．基于特征的机械CAD建模．港口装卸．2001．02．
[10] 唐敦兵，李东波，张世琪．基于特征的冲压制件定义．模具技术．No．2 2000．3-8．
[11] 王蕾，江早，王启义．面向高级工程语义的特征造型技术．机械设计与制造．2001．12．31-33
[12] 胡伟，张新坊，周济．基于面向对象技术的特征表示法．机械．2001．2．14-18．
[13] 杨文杰．运用SolidWorks完成AutoCAD的二维图形向三维模型的转换．贵州工业大学学报．2001．No．4
[14] 陆汝钤 世纪之交的知识工程与知识科学 清华大学出版社2001年
[15] 数据来自http://www.cbr-web.org
[16] 杨炳儒 知识工程与知识发现 冶金工业出版社 2000年
[17] 孔繁胜 知识库系统原理 浙江大学出版社 2001年
[18] C. J. Price and I. S. Pegler. Deciding Parameter Value with Case-Based Reasoning. Center for Intelligent Systems Department of Computer Science, Univercity of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, SY233DB, United Kingdom.
[19] 王凌志，欧宗瑛，杨鑫华，郝国祥．冲压模具CAD中CBR技术的应用．计算机辅助工程．(已录用)
[20] 杨刚成，蒋宏范等．基于CBR的注射模模架数据库的设计和实现．模具工业．2001．9．
[21] 雷永刚，彭颖红等．基于CBR的模具结构概念设计模型研究．计算机辅助工程．No．2 Jun．1999．1-6．
[22] 毛权，肖人彬，周济．CBR中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究．计算机研究与发展．1997．No．4．
[23] 袁国华，赵震，彭颖红．智能级进模工步排样系统中的混合知识推理研究．中国机械工程．2001．5．
[24] 王爱臣，赵震，彭颖红．基于CBR的级进模结构设计研究．模具技术．2001．No．6
[25] Nakata, Masafum. CAD/CAM system and method of generating machining paths for the same. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems. Volume: 10, Issue: 1, February, 1997, pp. 87.
[26] Andrew R. Golding, Paul S. Rosenbloom. Improving accuracy by combining rule-based and case-based reasoning[J]. Artificial Intelligence 87 (1996)215-254.
[27] Jgor Jurisica, John Mylopoulos. Case-based reasoning in IVF: prediction and knowledge mining[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Volume: 12, Issue: 1, January 1998, pp. 1-24.
[28] Schmidt, Gunter Case-based reasoning for production scheduling International Journal of Production Economics Volume: 56-57, September 20, 1998, pp. 537-546
[29] StevenWalczak. Knowledge acquisition and Knowledge representation with class the object-oriented paradigm. [J].Expert System with Applications, 1998, 15: 235～244.
[30] J. Mendel, Fuzzy logic systems for engineering: a tutorial, Proc. IEEE. 83. 3. 1995.
[2] 王芳．冷冲压模具设计指导．机械工业出版社．1998年．
[3] 冲模设计手册．机械工业出版社．《冲模设计手册》编写组．1999年．
[4] SolidWorks 99 User Guide. SolidWorks Corporation.
[5] 杨子江、杨小虎等．基于STEP的CAD知识表达．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．Vol．13，No．2
[6] 唐增宝，钟毅芳等．基于特征的零件模型中特征的分类及其表达方法．机械．
[7] Yaol Lee, Jae; Kim, Kwangsoo. A feature-based approach to extracting machining features. Computer-Aided Design, Volume: 30, Issue: 13, November, 1998, pp. 1019-1035.
[8] 杨鑫华，姜来金．基于参数化特征造型的三维冲裁模标准件库的建立．模具工业．2001．No．7．
[9] 张永宗，李和平．基于特征的机械CAD建模．港口装卸．2001．02．
[10] 唐敦兵，李东波，张世琪．基于特征的冲压制件定义．模具技术．No．2 2000．3-8．
[11] 王蕾，江早，王启义．面向高级工程语义的特征造型技术．机械设计与制造．2001．12．31-33
[12] 胡伟，张新坊，周济．基于面向对象技术的特征表示法．机械．2001．2．14-18．
[13] 杨文杰．运用SolidWorks完成AutoCAD的二维图形向三维模型的转换．贵州工业大学学报．2001．No．4
[14] 陆汝钤 世纪之交的知识工程与知识科学 清华大学出版社2001年
[15] 数据来自http://www.cbr-web.org
[16] 杨炳儒 知识工程与知识发现 冶金工业出版社 2000年
[17] 孔繁胜 知识库系统原理 浙江大学出版社 2001年
[18] C. J. Price and I. S. Pegler. Deciding Parameter Value with Case-Based Reasoning. Center for Intelligent Systems Department of Computer Science, Univercity of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, SY233DB, United Kingdom.
[19] 王凌志，欧宗瑛，杨鑫华，郝国祥．冲压模具CAD中CBR技术的应用．计算机辅助工程．(已录用)
[20] 杨刚成，蒋宏范等．基于CBR的注射模模架数据库的设计和实现．模具工业．2001．9．
[21] 雷永刚，彭颖红等．基于CBR的模具结构概念设计模型研究．计算机辅助工程．No．2 Jun．1999．1-6．
[22] 毛权，肖人彬，周济．CBR中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究．计算机研究与发展．1997．No．4．
[23] 袁国华，赵震，彭颖红．智能级进模工步排样系统中的混合知识推理研究．中国机械工程．2001．5．
[24] 王爱臣，赵震，彭颖红．基于CBR的级进模结构设计研究．模具技术．2001．No．6
[25] Nakata, Masafum. CAD/CAM system and method of generating machining paths for the same. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems. Volume: 10, Issue: 1, February, 1997, pp. 87.
[26] Andrew R. Golding, Paul S. Rosenbloom. Improving accuracy by combining rule-based and case-based reasoning[J]. Artificial Intelligence 87 (1996)215-254.
[27] Jgor Jurisica, John Mylopoulos. Case-based reasoning in IVF: prediction and knowledge mining[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Volume: 12, Issue: 1, January 1998, pp. 1-24.
[28] Schmidt, Gunter Case-based reasoning for production scheduling International Journal of Production Economics Volume: 56-57, September 20, 1998, pp. 537-546
[29] StevenWalczak. Knowledge acquisition and Knowledge representation with class the object-oriented paradigm. [J].Expert System with Applications, 1998, 15: 235～244.
[30] J. Mendel, Fuzzy logic systems for engineering: a tutorial, Proc. IEEE. 83. 3. 1995.