基于实例推理的冲裁模智能CAD系统的研究
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摘要
本文根据模具设计依赖于经验的特点，将CBR技术应用于模具CAD，充分利用已有设计方案进行推理设计，大大提高了模具的设计效率。因而本文的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
论文叙述了智能CAD的概念，阐述了模具在国民经济各工业部门中的重要地位、冲压模具CAD技术的发展趋势，并对国内外模具CAD/CAM的发展以及CBR技术在模具行业中的应用现状作了介绍。在此基础上根据冲裁模的设计特点，采用面向对象的类框架语言对分层信息模型进行了描述，并构造了冲裁件及冲裁模的分层信息模型。通过对冲裁模设计过程的分析，将设计方案组织成冲裁件及对应的冲裁模实例库，采用简单实用的编码法对实例进行编码；利用关系数据库存储实例，直接通过对编码的检索和相似性系数的计算得到相似实例；采用派生改写法改写工作零件，基于CBR的数据库改写标准件，特征造型法改写非标准件。
In the course of die designing,the design quality and efficiency is strongly dependent on designer's experience. To resolve this problem,case-based reasoning (CBR) technique is applied to die design in this dissertation. With this technology,the existing design schemes is reused adequately,and the design efficiency is increased remarkably.
In this dissertation,the concept of intelligent CAD is discussed. The important status of die design and the application of the CAD/CAM technique for stamping die are described. The current status and developing trend of CBR technology applied in die design is reviewed. According with the traits of stamping die design,hierarchical model of stamping parts and stamping die are described by object-oriented quasi-fragmental language,and the hierarchical model of stamping parts and stamping die are constructed. By analyzing the design process of the stamping die,the design schemes are grouped to stamping part and die case databases. These case databases are encoded by a simple and applicative code system. The design cases are stored by relational database. The similar case can be obtained from the database by direct code retrieving and similarity coefficient computing. Different overwrite mechanisms are used to overwriting different case database,for example,deriver overwriting for working parts,CBR for standard
parts and feature-modeling for non-standard parts.
论文叙述了智能CAD的概念，阐述了模具在国民经济各工业部门中的重要地位、冲压模具CAD技术的发展趋势，并对国内外模具CAD/CAM的发展以及CBR技术在模具行业中的应用现状作了介绍。在此基础上根据冲裁模的设计特点，采用面向对象的类框架语言对分层信息模型进行了描述，并构造了冲裁件及冲裁模的分层信息模型。通过对冲裁模设计过程的分析，将设计方案组织成冲裁件及对应的冲裁模实例库，采用简单实用的编码法对实例进行编码；利用关系数据库存储实例，直接通过对编码的检索和相似性系数的计算得到相似实例；采用派生改写法改写工作零件，基于CBR的数据库改写标准件，特征造型法改写非标准件。
In the course of die designing,the design quality and efficiency is strongly dependent on designer's experience. To resolve this problem,case-based reasoning (CBR) technique is applied to die design in this dissertation. With this technology,the existing design schemes is reused adequately,and the design efficiency is increased remarkably.
In this dissertation,the concept of intelligent CAD is discussed. The important status of die design and the application of the CAD/CAM technique for stamping die are described. The current status and developing trend of CBR technology applied in die design is reviewed. According with the traits of stamping die design,hierarchical model of stamping parts and stamping die are described by object-oriented quasi-fragmental language,and the hierarchical model of stamping parts and stamping die are constructed. By analyzing the design process of the stamping die,the design schemes are grouped to stamping part and die case databases. These case databases are encoded by a simple and applicative code system. The design cases are stored by relational database. The similar case can be obtained from the database by direct code retrieving and similarity coefficient computing. Different overwrite mechanisms are used to overwriting different case database,for example,deriver overwriting for working parts,CBR for standard
parts and feature-modeling for non-standard parts.
引文
[1] 张佑生，王雷刚，田卫东，智能CAD方法及应用，合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol.22，No.5，1999：1～4．
[2] CAD技术的发展回顾，http://www.e-works.net.cn/zhuanti/c99.htm
[3] 陈良杰，国外模具技术发展动态，模具工业，1988，No.1：1～3．
[4] 王都，模具工业发展中的几个问题，模具工业，2000，No.2：3～6．
[5] 周永泰，模具行业“十五”期间市场预测，模具工业，2000，No.1：3～6
[6] 阮雪榆，李志刚等，中国模具工业和技术的发展，http://eplastics.top263.net/chinamoldind.htm 塑料论坛．
[7] 王孝培，何大均，模具CAD在板料冲压中的应用和发展，锻压机械，1995，No.6：45～47
[8] 张惠民，国内外模具CAD/CAM技术发展概况，模具技术，1991，No.5：80～82．
[9] 靖永惠，浅析现代模具制造行业发展，模具技术，2001，No.5：68～71．
[10] 马颖，模具CAD/CAM技术的发展概况，甘肃工业大学学报，1999，No.2：28～32
[11] 杜志俊，现代模具技术综述，机械工程师，1999，No.6：3～5
[12] 王洪俊，曹颖等，汽车覆盖件模具CAD技术的应用与发展，http://www.icad.com.cn/icad/writedol/2000-4/article00042.htm
[13] 苏强，林志航，马万太，车阿大，基于事例推理的装配顺序规划研究，中国机械工程，Vol.10，No.2，1999：171～174
[14] Hammond K., Processings of Case Based Reasoning Workshop, CA, Morgan Kauffman, 1989
[15] BardaszT., Zeid I., Case Based Reasoning for Mechanical Design, AIEDAM, 1993, No.7: 111～124
[16] B.Humm, Ch. Schulz, M.Radtke, A System for Case Based Process Planning,Computers in industry, 1991, No.17:169～180
[17] C.K.Kong, G.F.Smith, Application of Case Based Reasoning in Injection Molding, Materials Processing Technology, 1997, No.63:463～467
[18] Ian Watson, Applying Case-Based Reasoning: Techniques for Enterprise Systems.Morgan Kaufman Pullishers, 1997,http://www.surveying.salford, ac.uk/ai-cbr-mirror
[19] Qijun Xia,Ming Rao, Dynamic case-based reasoning for process operation support, Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, 1999,No. 12:343～361
[20] 王爱臣，赵震，彭颖红，基于CBR的级进模结构设计研究，模具技术，2001，No.:16～18
[21] 朱莉萍，娄臻亮，邢渊等，基于事例的注塑模架自动设计系统的研究，模具技术，2001，No.1：7～10
[22] 王正肖，潘晓弘，程耀东等，基于事例推理技术在冲模设计中应用，模具工业，1999，No.1：11～13
[23] 金建新，直观便捷的冲裁模设计新技术，计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，No.12：56～59
[24] Agnar Aamodt, Enric Plaza, 《Case Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues,Methodological Variations, and System Approaches》, http: //www.iiia.csic.es/people/enrich/AICom.html#RTFToCL
[25] 袁晓红，王钰，基于事例的推理：综述与分析，模式识别与人工智能，1999，No．12：19～31
[26] 袁国华，智能级进模工步排样系统关键技术研究，上海交通大学博士学位论文，2000．12
[27] 俞瑞钊，史济建，《人工智能原理与技术》，浙江大学出版社，1993
[28] R. Schank, Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People, Cambridge University Press, 1982
[29] Ian Watson, Farhi Marir, Case Based Reasoning: A review, The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1994, No.4. 327～354
[30] Qijun Xia, Ming Rao, Dynamic Case Based Reasoning for Process Operation Support, Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, 1999, No.12.343～361
[31] K. Shelesh-Nezhad, E.Siores, An Intelligent System for Plastic Injection Molding Process Design, Jounal of Materials Processing Technology, 1997, No.63.458～462
[32] Klaus-Dieter Althoff, Stefan Wess, 《Rersoning With Case-Theory and Pratice》, http: //www.ai-cbr.org/classroom/classroom.html
[33] 庄越挺，潘云鹤，用于智能CAD系统的设计模型综述与评价，中国智能CAD'94，1994：3～9
[34] David W. Aha, 《Case Based Reasoning》, http: //www.ai-cbr.org/theindex.html
[35] Abhay Dandekar, Ibrahim Zeid and Theodore Bardasz, Use Interface for Specification Language for Case-Based Mechanical Design, AIEDAM,1997, No.11:17～31
[36] David Leake, 《CBR: Issues, Methods and Technology》, http://www.ai-cbr.org/classroom/classroom.html
[37] Kolodner, JL., Reconstructive Memory:a Computer Model, Cognitive Science,1993, No.7:281～382
[38] 石纯一，黄昌凝，《人工智能原理》，清华大学出版社，1994
[39] Michael Richter, 《Knowledge Containers》, http://www, cbr-web.org/docememts/Richtericcbr95remarks.html
[40] Gentner D., Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy, Cognitive Science, 1983,Vo7,No.2:155～170
[41] 袁国华，赵震，彭颖红，阮雪榆，面向对象的冲压件集成信息模型研究，锻压技术，2000，No．4：33～35
[42] 袁国华，赵震，彭颖红，阮雪榆，基于特征的冲压零件智能造型系统AMS，锻压机械，2000，No．1：48～50
[43] 宋玉银等，基于事例推理的产品概念设计系统，清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1998，No．8：5～8
[44] 肖祥芷，《冲裁工艺及模具计算机辅助设计》，国防工业出版社，1996
[45] 虞春，周雄辉，张永清，特征的面向对象技术表示方法，机械科学与技术，1999，No．3：513～516
[46] 刘建群，邓建春，喻道运等，基于特征的钣金零件信息模型的研究，机械科学与技术，1998，No．4：651～652
[47] 王笑培，《冲压手册》，机械工业出版社，1990
[48] 蔡力钢，曹希彬，李培根，基于实例的回转类零件工艺路线决策方法研究，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000，No．3：239～240
[2] CAD技术的发展回顾，http://www.e-works.net.cn/zhuanti/c99.htm
[3] 陈良杰，国外模具技术发展动态，模具工业，1988，No.1：1～3．
[4] 王都，模具工业发展中的几个问题，模具工业，2000，No.2：3～6．
[5] 周永泰，模具行业“十五”期间市场预测，模具工业，2000，No.1：3～6
[6] 阮雪榆，李志刚等，中国模具工业和技术的发展，http://eplastics.top263.net/chinamoldind.htm 塑料论坛．
[7] 王孝培，何大均，模具CAD在板料冲压中的应用和发展，锻压机械，1995，No.6：45～47
[8] 张惠民，国内外模具CAD/CAM技术发展概况，模具技术，1991，No.5：80～82．
[9] 靖永惠，浅析现代模具制造行业发展，模具技术，2001，No.5：68～71．
[10] 马颖，模具CAD/CAM技术的发展概况，甘肃工业大学学报，1999，No.2：28～32
[11] 杜志俊，现代模具技术综述，机械工程师，1999，No.6：3～5
[12] 王洪俊，曹颖等，汽车覆盖件模具CAD技术的应用与发展，http://www.icad.com.cn/icad/writedol/2000-4/article00042.htm
[13] 苏强，林志航，马万太，车阿大，基于事例推理的装配顺序规划研究，中国机械工程，Vol.10，No.2，1999：171～174
[14] Hammond K., Processings of Case Based Reasoning Workshop, CA, Morgan Kauffman, 1989
[15] BardaszT., Zeid I., Case Based Reasoning for Mechanical Design, AIEDAM, 1993, No.7: 111～124
[16] B.Humm, Ch. Schulz, M.Radtke, A System for Case Based Process Planning,Computers in industry, 1991, No.17:169～180
[17] C.K.Kong, G.F.Smith, Application of Case Based Reasoning in Injection Molding, Materials Processing Technology, 1997, No.63:463～467
[18] Ian Watson, Applying Case-Based Reasoning: Techniques for Enterprise Systems.Morgan Kaufman Pullishers, 1997,http://www.surveying.salford, ac.uk/ai-cbr-mirror
[19] Qijun Xia,Ming Rao, Dynamic case-based reasoning for process operation support, Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, 1999,No. 12:343～361
[20] 王爱臣，赵震，彭颖红，基于CBR的级进模结构设计研究，模具技术，2001，No.:16～18
[21] 朱莉萍，娄臻亮，邢渊等，基于事例的注塑模架自动设计系统的研究，模具技术，2001，No.1：7～10
[22] 王正肖，潘晓弘，程耀东等，基于事例推理技术在冲模设计中应用，模具工业，1999，No.1：11～13
[23] 金建新，直观便捷的冲裁模设计新技术，计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，No.12：56～59
[24] Agnar Aamodt, Enric Plaza, 《Case Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues,Methodological Variations, and System Approaches》, http: //www.iiia.csic.es/people/enrich/AICom.html#RTFToCL
[25] 袁晓红，王钰，基于事例的推理：综述与分析，模式识别与人工智能，1999，No．12：19～31
[26] 袁国华，智能级进模工步排样系统关键技术研究，上海交通大学博士学位论文，2000．12
[27] 俞瑞钊，史济建，《人工智能原理与技术》，浙江大学出版社，1993
[28] R. Schank, Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People, Cambridge University Press, 1982
[29] Ian Watson, Farhi Marir, Case Based Reasoning: A review, The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1994, No.4. 327～354
[30] Qijun Xia, Ming Rao, Dynamic Case Based Reasoning for Process Operation Support, Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, 1999, No.12.343～361
[31] K. Shelesh-Nezhad, E.Siores, An Intelligent System for Plastic Injection Molding Process Design, Jounal of Materials Processing Technology, 1997, No.63.458～462
[32] Klaus-Dieter Althoff, Stefan Wess, 《Rersoning With Case-Theory and Pratice》, http: //www.ai-cbr.org/classroom/classroom.html
[33] 庄越挺，潘云鹤，用于智能CAD系统的设计模型综述与评价，中国智能CAD'94，1994：3～9
[34] David W. Aha, 《Case Based Reasoning》, http: //www.ai-cbr.org/theindex.html
[35] Abhay Dandekar, Ibrahim Zeid and Theodore Bardasz, Use Interface for Specification Language for Case-Based Mechanical Design, AIEDAM,1997, No.11:17～31
[36] David Leake, 《CBR: Issues, Methods and Technology》, http://www.ai-cbr.org/classroom/classroom.html
[37] Kolodner, JL., Reconstructive Memory:a Computer Model, Cognitive Science,1993, No.7:281～382
[38] 石纯一，黄昌凝，《人工智能原理》，清华大学出版社，1994
[39] Michael Richter, 《Knowledge Containers》, http://www, cbr-web.org/docememts/Richtericcbr95remarks.html
[40] Gentner D., Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy, Cognitive Science, 1983,Vo7,No.2:155～170
[41] 袁国华，赵震，彭颖红，阮雪榆，面向对象的冲压件集成信息模型研究，锻压技术，2000，No．4：33～35
[42] 袁国华，赵震，彭颖红，阮雪榆，基于特征的冲压零件智能造型系统AMS，锻压机械，2000，No．1：48～50
[43] 宋玉银等，基于事例推理的产品概念设计系统，清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1998，No．8：5～8
[44] 肖祥芷，《冲裁工艺及模具计算机辅助设计》，国防工业出版社，1996
[45] 虞春，周雄辉，张永清，特征的面向对象技术表示方法，机械科学与技术，1999，No．3：513～516
[46] 刘建群，邓建春，喻道运等，基于特征的钣金零件信息模型的研究，机械科学与技术，1998，No．4：651～652
[47] 王笑培，《冲压手册》，机械工业出版社，1990
[48] 蔡力钢，曹希彬，李培根，基于实例的回转类零件工艺路线决策方法研究，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000，No．3：239～240