基于和差波束形成的阵列信号处理平台设计
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摘要
阵列信号处理是信号处理领域的一个重要分支,在雷达、通信、电子对抗等领域得到了广泛的应用,DOA估计和数字波束形成技术是阵列信号处理的两个重要方面。本文首先介绍了阵列信号处理和窄带波束形成的相关概念,然后研究基于和／差波束形成技术的测向算法,着重研究基于这种测向算法的阵列信号处理平台的设计。
本文主要研究工作包括：(1)研究和／差波束形成原理。(2)研究基于和／差波束形成的测向算法及窄带测向流程,对其运算量和测向精度进行了分析。通过计算机仿真实验表明和／差波束测向精度高,测向精度在0.2度以内,同时此测向算法不受信号调制方式影响,测向算法可以对不同调制方式的混频信号进行测向。(3)研究基于和／差波束测向的阵列信号处理平台设计方案。阐述了设计工作流程和工作原理,具体分析如何实现各功能模块以达到整个平台的功能和指标要求,最后提出设备的可靠性设计。
Array signal processing has been one of the focuses in signal processing field, which has been widly used in radar, communication and electronic countermeasure. DOA estimation and beamforming technology are the two main aspects in array signal processing field. Firstly, related concepts of array signal processing and narrowband beamforming are briefly introduced. Then the algorithms of the direction finding based on sum-and-difference beamforming are presented, with emphasis on array signal processing platform based on sum-and-difference beamforming.
The main research principle in this dissertation are as follows. (1) sum-and-difference beamforming algorithm is studied. (2) The algorithms of the direction finding based on sum-and-difference beamforming and the prosess of narrow-band direction finding are researched, and then the Computation complexity and DF Accuracy of the algorithm are analyzed. Computer Simulation show that the DF accuracy of the algorithm is high, which is less than 0.2 degree, while the algorithm is not affected by modulation types, DF can be used for the direction finding of different modulation mixing-frequency signal. (3)The design of array signal processing platform based on sum-and-difference beamforming is studied. We introduce the design of workflow and working principles, then the concrete analysis of function modules, which is designed to achieve the functions and indexes of the platform.At last, the reliable design of the platform is presented.
本文主要研究工作包括：(1)研究和／差波束形成原理。(2)研究基于和／差波束形成的测向算法及窄带测向流程,对其运算量和测向精度进行了分析。通过计算机仿真实验表明和／差波束测向精度高,测向精度在0.2度以内,同时此测向算法不受信号调制方式影响,测向算法可以对不同调制方式的混频信号进行测向。(3)研究基于和／差波束测向的阵列信号处理平台设计方案。阐述了设计工作流程和工作原理,具体分析如何实现各功能模块以达到整个平台的功能和指标要求,最后提出设备的可靠性设计。
Array signal processing has been one of the focuses in signal processing field, which has been widly used in radar, communication and electronic countermeasure. DOA estimation and beamforming technology are the two main aspects in array signal processing field. Firstly, related concepts of array signal processing and narrowband beamforming are briefly introduced. Then the algorithms of the direction finding based on sum-and-difference beamforming are presented, with emphasis on array signal processing platform based on sum-and-difference beamforming.
The main research principle in this dissertation are as follows. (1) sum-and-difference beamforming algorithm is studied. (2) The algorithms of the direction finding based on sum-and-difference beamforming and the prosess of narrow-band direction finding are researched, and then the Computation complexity and DF Accuracy of the algorithm are analyzed. Computer Simulation show that the DF accuracy of the algorithm is high, which is less than 0.2 degree, while the algorithm is not affected by modulation types, DF can be used for the direction finding of different modulation mixing-frequency signal. (3)The design of array signal processing platform based on sum-and-difference beamforming is studied. We introduce the design of workflow and working principles, then the concrete analysis of function modules, which is designed to achieve the functions and indexes of the platform.At last, the reliable design of the platform is presented.
引文
[1]Harry L. Van Trees,汤俊等.最优阵列处理技术.北京,清华大学出版社.
[2]李雪静.约束波束形成及波达方位估计算法研究.河南大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[3]赵娜.阵列信号处理中DOA估计及DBF技术研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[4]顾建峰.阵列信号处理中的若干问题研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2008
[5]鄢社峰,马远良.传感器阵列波束优化设计及应用.科学出版社,2008.
[6]保铮,张贤达.通信信号处理.北京,国防工业出版社.2000.
[7]王惠刚,杜国秀.窄带波束形成技术.水雷战与舰船保护.1999,4.40-45.
[8]Simon Haykin. Adaptive Filter Theory-Fourth Edition. Publishing House of Electronics industry,2002:70-75.
[9]Capon J., High-resolution equency-wavenumber spectrum analysis, Proceedings of the IEEE,1969,57(8):1408-1418.
[10]M C. Dogan,J M Mendel. Cumulant-based blind optimum beamforming. IEEE Trans. on AES.1994,30(3):722-741.
[11]E Gonen, J M Mendel. Appications of Cumulants to Array Processing—Part III: Blind Beamforming for Coherent Signals. IEEE Tram. on SE 1997,45(9): 2252-2264.
[12]E K Hung, R M Turner. A fast beamforming algorithm for large arrays. IEEE Tram. on AES.1983,19(4):598-607.
[13]D Liu, L Tong. An analysis of constant modulus algorithm for array signal processing. Signal Processing,1999,73(2):81-104.
[14]C C Lee, J H Lee. An efficient technique for eightspace-based adaptive interference cancellation. IEEE Trans. on AP.1998,46(5):694-699.
[15]C C Lee, J H Lee. Eigenspaee-based adaptive array beamforming with robust capabilities. IEEE Trans. onAP.1997,45(2):1711-1716.
[16]WA Gardner. The Spectral Correlation Theory of Cyclostationary Time Series. Signal Processing.1986,11(1):13-36.
[17]WA Gardner,CM Spooner. The cumulant theory of cyclostationary time-series I: Foundation. IEEE Tram.011 SP.1994,42(12):3387-3408.
[18]C M Spooner, W A Gardner. The cumulant theory of cyclostationary time-series II:Development and applications. IEEE Trans. on SP.1994,42(12):3409-3429.
[19]Q Wu,K M Wong. Blind adaptive beamforming for cyclostationary signals, IEEE Trans. on AP.1996,44(11):2757-2767.
[20]武思军,张锦中,张曙.存在指向误差时的稳健白适应波束形成算法.哈尔滨工程大学学报,26(4)：53 1.535.
[21]武思军,张锦中,张曙.阵列波束的零陷加宽算法研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2004,25(5)：658-661.
[22]屈红刚.具有和／差波束雷达的波瓣压缩技术研究与实现.火控雷达技术,2005年01期35-37.
[23]沈明威,朱岱寅,朱兆达,叶少华.基于信号子空间处理的和／差波束干涉SAR_GMTI技术研究.电子与信息学报；2007年01期19-22.
[24]廖桂生,王彤,保铮.基于和／差波束的自适应干扰对消技术.西安电子科技大学学报.1997年Sl期116-123.
[25]沈明威,朱岱寅,朱兆达.基于实测和／差波束天线方向图的∑△STAP性能分析.南京航空航天大学学报.2007年02期208-212.
[26]Schmidt R O. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation. IEEE Trans.1986, AP-34(3):276-280.
[27]Barabell AJ. Improving the resolution performance ofeigenstructure-based direction findingalgorithms. ICASSP,1983,336-339.
[28]Kunda D. Modified MUSIC algorithm for estimating DOA of signal. Signal Processing. V0148, Noh 85-90,1996
[29]Roy R, Kailath T. ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariancetechniques. IEEE Trans. On ASSP,1989,37(7):984-995.
[30]M. Viberg, B. Ottersten, T. Kaith. Detection and estimation in sensor arrays using weighedsubspace fitting. IEEETrans. ON SP, V0138, Nol: 2436-2449, 1991
[31]陈丰.Fourier变换在平面、柱、球阵波束形成和DOA估计中的应用.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[32]Dolph C L. A current distribution for broadside arrays which optimize the relationship between beam width and side-lobe level. Proc IRE,1946, 34(6).335-348.
[33]保铮,张贤达.通信信号处理.北京,国防工业出版社.2000.
[34]王维云.小型机载平台天线系统布局设计.西安电子科技大学(硕士论文).2008.
[35]朱子平,吕继荣,洪一.数字波束形成在雷达中的应用与分析.中国电子科学研究院学报.2006年,1(3).244-247.
[36]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法(第二版).北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[37]程佩青.数字信号处理(第三版).北京,清华大学出版社,2007.
[38]董延坤,葛临东,张辉.自适应波束形成算法的现状与发展动态.2005,21(11).188-189.
[39]戴幻尧,李永祯,王雪松,肖顺平.基于和／差波束极化特性的目标极化散射 矩阵测量方法研究.电子与信息学报.2010年04期.913-918
[40]王白江,张骋,冯欣欣,蔡惠智.阵列信号处理平台调试环境的设计与实现微计算机信息2008年30期.220-222.
[41]王文勇,陆安南.阵列信号处理中几种关键技术的研究.杭州电子科技大学学报.2005年04期.16-18.
[42]王志慧.稳健的阵列信号处理算法研究.西安电子科技大学学位论文.2006.
[43]王学礼,李根乾,谭玉山,俞靖.阵列信号处理中一种新的误差分析及其矫正技术中国机械工程,2001年02期
[44]刘茂仓,王亚军,贾永康.阵列信号处理实验研究.西安电子科技大学学报.1997年S1期179-184
[45]张红旗,林劲松,曾祥宇,彭五四,郭黎.CPCI分机快速设计模块的开发.机械与电子.2009年07期.75-77.
[46]易岷,肖先赐.阵列信号处理中强弱信号同时测向与分辨.通信对抗.2005年03期.9-12.
[47]胡航,刘伟会.只利用一种模拟加权的子阵级和/差波束旁瓣抑制方法.电子与信息学报.2009 Vol.31 No.4973-976.
[48]沈明威.和/差波束空时处理动目标检测技术研究.南京航空航天大学博士学位论文.2008.
[49]黄庆.数字波束形成原理及其系统的设计和实现.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[50]Brennan, L.E.; Reed, I.S. An Adaptive Array Signal Processing Algorithm for Communications; IEEE Transactions onAerospace and Electronic Systems, Jan. 1982 124-130.
[51]Xv, Ying;Diao, Hongcui;Hu, Hang; Monopulse characteristic based on full digital weighting for phased array radar at subarray level 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications.2009.693-696.
[52]Nickel, U. Monopulse estimation with adaptive arrays; IEE Proceedings on Radar and Signal Processing, Oct.1993; 303-308.
[53]Sung-Hoon Moon; Dong-Seog Han; Hae-Sock Oh; Myeong-Je Cho; Monopulse angle estimation with constrained adaptive beamforming using simple mainlobe maintenance technique; 13-16 Oct.2003.
[54]黄蕾.智能天线中DOA估计技术及相应波束形成技术的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[2]李雪静.约束波束形成及波达方位估计算法研究.河南大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[3]赵娜.阵列信号处理中DOA估计及DBF技术研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[4]顾建峰.阵列信号处理中的若干问题研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2008
[5]鄢社峰,马远良.传感器阵列波束优化设计及应用.科学出版社,2008.
[6]保铮,张贤达.通信信号处理.北京,国防工业出版社.2000.
[7]王惠刚,杜国秀.窄带波束形成技术.水雷战与舰船保护.1999,4.40-45.
[8]Simon Haykin. Adaptive Filter Theory-Fourth Edition. Publishing House of Electronics industry,2002:70-75.
[9]Capon J., High-resolution equency-wavenumber spectrum analysis, Proceedings of the IEEE,1969,57(8):1408-1418.
[10]M C. Dogan,J M Mendel. Cumulant-based blind optimum beamforming. IEEE Trans. on AES.1994,30(3):722-741.
[11]E Gonen, J M Mendel. Appications of Cumulants to Array Processing—Part III: Blind Beamforming for Coherent Signals. IEEE Tram. on SE 1997,45(9): 2252-2264.
[12]E K Hung, R M Turner. A fast beamforming algorithm for large arrays. IEEE Tram. on AES.1983,19(4):598-607.
[13]D Liu, L Tong. An analysis of constant modulus algorithm for array signal processing. Signal Processing,1999,73(2):81-104.
[14]C C Lee, J H Lee. An efficient technique for eightspace-based adaptive interference cancellation. IEEE Trans. on AP.1998,46(5):694-699.
[15]C C Lee, J H Lee. Eigenspaee-based adaptive array beamforming with robust capabilities. IEEE Trans. onAP.1997,45(2):1711-1716.
[16]WA Gardner. The Spectral Correlation Theory of Cyclostationary Time Series. Signal Processing.1986,11(1):13-36.
[17]WA Gardner,CM Spooner. The cumulant theory of cyclostationary time-series I: Foundation. IEEE Tram.011 SP.1994,42(12):3387-3408.
[18]C M Spooner, W A Gardner. The cumulant theory of cyclostationary time-series II:Development and applications. IEEE Trans. on SP.1994,42(12):3409-3429.
[19]Q Wu,K M Wong. Blind adaptive beamforming for cyclostationary signals, IEEE Trans. on AP.1996,44(11):2757-2767.
[20]武思军,张锦中,张曙.存在指向误差时的稳健白适应波束形成算法.哈尔滨工程大学学报,26(4)：53 1.535.
[21]武思军,张锦中,张曙.阵列波束的零陷加宽算法研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2004,25(5)：658-661.
[22]屈红刚.具有和／差波束雷达的波瓣压缩技术研究与实现.火控雷达技术,2005年01期35-37.
[23]沈明威,朱岱寅,朱兆达,叶少华.基于信号子空间处理的和／差波束干涉SAR_GMTI技术研究.电子与信息学报；2007年01期19-22.
[24]廖桂生,王彤,保铮.基于和／差波束的自适应干扰对消技术.西安电子科技大学学报.1997年Sl期116-123.
[25]沈明威,朱岱寅,朱兆达.基于实测和／差波束天线方向图的∑△STAP性能分析.南京航空航天大学学报.2007年02期208-212.
[26]Schmidt R O. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation. IEEE Trans.1986, AP-34(3):276-280.
[27]Barabell AJ. Improving the resolution performance ofeigenstructure-based direction findingalgorithms. ICASSP,1983,336-339.
[28]Kunda D. Modified MUSIC algorithm for estimating DOA of signal. Signal Processing. V0148, Noh 85-90,1996
[29]Roy R, Kailath T. ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariancetechniques. IEEE Trans. On ASSP,1989,37(7):984-995.
[30]M. Viberg, B. Ottersten, T. Kaith. Detection and estimation in sensor arrays using weighedsubspace fitting. IEEETrans. ON SP, V0138, Nol: 2436-2449, 1991
[31]陈丰.Fourier变换在平面、柱、球阵波束形成和DOA估计中的应用.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[32]Dolph C L. A current distribution for broadside arrays which optimize the relationship between beam width and side-lobe level. Proc IRE,1946, 34(6).335-348.
[33]保铮,张贤达.通信信号处理.北京,国防工业出版社.2000.
[34]王维云.小型机载平台天线系统布局设计.西安电子科技大学(硕士论文).2008.
[35]朱子平,吕继荣,洪一.数字波束形成在雷达中的应用与分析.中国电子科学研究院学报.2006年,1(3).244-247.
[36]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法(第二版).北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[37]程佩青.数字信号处理(第三版).北京,清华大学出版社,2007.
[38]董延坤,葛临东,张辉.自适应波束形成算法的现状与发展动态.2005,21(11).188-189.
[39]戴幻尧,李永祯,王雪松,肖顺平.基于和／差波束极化特性的目标极化散射 矩阵测量方法研究.电子与信息学报.2010年04期.913-918
[40]王白江,张骋,冯欣欣,蔡惠智.阵列信号处理平台调试环境的设计与实现微计算机信息2008年30期.220-222.
[41]王文勇,陆安南.阵列信号处理中几种关键技术的研究.杭州电子科技大学学报.2005年04期.16-18.
[42]王志慧.稳健的阵列信号处理算法研究.西安电子科技大学学位论文.2006.
[43]王学礼,李根乾,谭玉山,俞靖.阵列信号处理中一种新的误差分析及其矫正技术中国机械工程,2001年02期
[44]刘茂仓,王亚军,贾永康.阵列信号处理实验研究.西安电子科技大学学报.1997年S1期179-184
[45]张红旗,林劲松,曾祥宇,彭五四,郭黎.CPCI分机快速设计模块的开发.机械与电子.2009年07期.75-77.
[46]易岷,肖先赐.阵列信号处理中强弱信号同时测向与分辨.通信对抗.2005年03期.9-12.
[47]胡航,刘伟会.只利用一种模拟加权的子阵级和/差波束旁瓣抑制方法.电子与信息学报.2009 Vol.31 No.4973-976.
[48]沈明威.和/差波束空时处理动目标检测技术研究.南京航空航天大学博士学位论文.2008.
[49]黄庆.数字波束形成原理及其系统的设计和实现.电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[50]Brennan, L.E.; Reed, I.S. An Adaptive Array Signal Processing Algorithm for Communications; IEEE Transactions onAerospace and Electronic Systems, Jan. 1982 124-130.
[51]Xv, Ying;Diao, Hongcui;Hu, Hang; Monopulse characteristic based on full digital weighting for phased array radar at subarray level 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications.2009.693-696.
[52]Nickel, U. Monopulse estimation with adaptive arrays; IEE Proceedings on Radar and Signal Processing, Oct.1993; 303-308.
[53]Sung-Hoon Moon; Dong-Seog Han; Hae-Sock Oh; Myeong-Je Cho; Monopulse angle estimation with constrained adaptive beamforming using simple mainlobe maintenance technique; 13-16 Oct.2003.
[54]黄蕾.智能天线中DOA估计技术及相应波束形成技术的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007.