用户名: 密码: 验证码:
生物纤维饲料喂绵羊的饲用价值研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本研究以绵羊作为研究对象,通过常规养分测定、消化试验、瘤胃降解试验(尼龙袋法)和代谢试验四个试验,对生物纤维饲料的常规养分和微生物数量、绵羊的饲用价值、瘤胃降解特性及在养羊业中以生物纤维饲料作为蛋白源的可能性进行了探讨。该研究不仅能够为在养羊业中更好的利用这种新型的非常规蛋白饲料提供较详细可靠的参考数据,而且能够为进一步开发这种饲料资源提供理论依据。本研究分为四个部分。
     1.第一部分为生物纤维饲料常规养分及微生物数量的测定。结果表明生物纤维饲料中干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、钙和磷的含量分别为:65.61%、21.97%、1.88%、3.00%、7.79%、30.97%、0.85%和1.13%。另外,生物纤维饲料中含有需氧菌3.43×10~6个/克;厌氧菌3.53×10~6个/克;微需氧菌3.15×10~6个/克;饲料中的活菌总数为1.11×10~7个/克。
     2.第二部分为羊对生物纤维饲料各养分的表观消化率和消化能的测定。将4只健康状况、体重和年龄相似的绵羊随机分为两组,每组2只。采用交叉试验设计方法,测得绵羊对生物纤维饲料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰份、无氮浸出物和能量的消化率分别为74.71%、84.81%、72.24%、72.68%、45.41%、77.52%、77.76%。同时还测得每千克干物质的消化能为15.39兆焦。因此生物纤维饲料原样中的消化能为10.10兆焦/千克。
     3.第三部分以三只装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊为试验动物,利用尼龙袋法测定生物纤维饲料、玉米纤维饲料、玉米胚芽饼及玉米蛋白粉四种玉米深加工副产物的干物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解率及降解规律。结果表明:生物纤维饲料、玉米蛋白饲料、玉米胚芽饼、玉米蛋白粉中干物质的有效降解率分别为:61.75%、58.37%、50.37%和47.88%。而生物纤维饲料、玉米蛋白饲料、玉米胚芽饼、玉米蛋白粉蛋白质的有效降解率分别为:73.73%、49.23%、51.79%和61.13%。同时本研究还发现在反刍动物饲粮里应用生物纤维饲料和玉米蛋白粉时,应当补充适当的能量饲料,以达到饲粮的能氮平衡。而在反刍动物的饲粮里,玉米纤维饲料和玉米胚芽饼应当和瘤胃蛋白质降解率高的饲料原料配合使用,从而达到能氮平衡。此外本研究还表明不同的玉米深加工副产物在瘤胃培养相同的时间后,其干物质和蛋白质的瘤胃消失规律不尽相同,并且同一玉米深加工副产物的干物质和蛋白质的瘤胃消失率也随着在瘤胃培育时间的长短不同而变化。
    
     4.第川部分按3X:9拉丁方试验设计方法研究了三种以豆粕、生物纤维饲料和玉
    米蛋白粉为蛋白源的等能等氮饲粮,对绵羊氮利用的影响。结果表明:饲喂三种不同
    的饲粮时,试验羊氮的进食量、粪氮排泄量及氮的表观消化率差异不显著叩>0.05人
    尿氮排泄量及氮的表观沉积率差异也不显著(P>0.05)。同时,本研究结果还表明饲
    喂三种饲粮时,试验羊的干物质和有机物的表观消化率差异也下显著(P>().()5)。但
    以豆粕为蛋臼源的饲粮的粗灰分表观消化率与以生物纤维饲料为氮源的饲粮及以玉米
    蛋白粉为蛋臼源的饲粮的粗灰分表观消化率差异显著(P <().(o;而以生物纤维饲料
    为氮源的饲粮\以玉米蛋白粉为蛋白源的饲粮的粗灰分表观消化率之间差异不显著叩
    >0.()5)。
     综合整个试验过程的结果,可以得出:在养羊业中,可以利用新开发的生物纤维
    饲料替代邢分常规蛋〔1源——豆粕,作为精料补充料的蛋白测。
The experiment was conducted to study the nutrional value, the value in the sheep feeding and the degradation characteristic in rumen of the biological fiber feed. In addition, the possibility of using biological fiber feed as protein sources in the sheep feeding was also be studied in this research . All the above research was regarding sheep as the on trial animal. And four experiments , such as the measurement of the normal composition of feed, the digestibility experiment, the experiment of protein in rumen using nilon bag technique and the metabolism experiment were introduced in this research. The research can not only provide more detailed and dependable reference data which was in order to use this kind of new unusual protein feed more better in the sheep feeding, but also the further basis theories to develop this kind of resources of animal feed . The research was consisted of four phases.
    On the first phase, the normal composition and the microorganism quantity of the biological fiber feed was measured. Results showed that the content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract, calcium, and phosphorus in the biological feed was 65.61% , 21.97%, 1.88%, 3.00%, 7.79%, 30.97% ,0.85% and 1.13%, respectively; and the amount of the abrobic bacteria, the anaerobic bacteria and microaerophilic bacteria in the biological fiber feed were respectively 3.43X106 per gram, 3.53 X 106 per gram and 3.15X 106 per gram. So conclusion can be drawn that the total number of living microorganism in the biological feed was 1.11 X 107 per gram.
    On the second phase, the apparent nutrient digestibility and digestive energy of biological fiber feed for sheep feed were determined. Four sheep with similar health condition, weight and age were randomly divided into two groups, with two sheep in each one. The trail was conducted with the crossing design of experiment to determine the apparent nutrient digestibility and digestive energy of biological fiber feed. The
    ui
    
    
    results showed that the apparent nutrient digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract and energy for sheep were 74.71%, 84.81%, 72.24%, 72.68%, 45.41%, 77.52%, 77.76% , respectively.; and the digestive energy of biological fiber feed per kilogram on the basis of the dry matter was 15.39MJ. Based on the above results, the digestive energy of the original biological fiber feed per kilogram was 10.10MJ.
    On the third phase, three sheep fitted rumen fistula were selected to estimate the dry matter and protein degradation of four by-products of corn milling processing industry, such as biological fiber feed, corn fiber feed, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal ; and the nilon bag technique was used in this phase. Results showed that dry matter degradation of biological fiber feed, corn fiber feed, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal were 61.75%, 58.37%, 50.37%, 47.88%, respectively; And crude protein degradation of biological fiber feed, corn fiber feed, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal were 73.73%, 49.23%, 51.79%, 61.13%, respectively.
    On the other hand, this phase also discovered that the energy feed were necessary to add in the diets of ruminant if biological fiber feed or corn gluten meal was used as the source of protein in order to attain the balance between energy and nitrogen in rumen. Furthermore, the better balance between energy and nitrogen in rumen can also be producted by using the corn fiber feed and the corn germ meal with the feed of higher content of rumen degradable protein . In addition, results of this research also showed that dry matter and crude protein degradations of different by-products of corn milling processing industry were different after being cultured in rumen at the same time. Moreover the dry matter and crude protein degradation of the same by-products of corn milling processing industry can changed with the different time after being cultured in rumen.
    On the fourth phase, three sheep were used in a 3 X 3 Latin squares expe
引文
[1]胡永林,陈桂芬,吉林省玉米带低水玉米高产栽培技术的研究.吉林农业大学学报,2000,22(2):16—21
    [2]戴昀弟,胡耀辉,王桂侠等.略论吉林省玉米加工转化的现状及对策.吉林农业大学学报,1997,19(1):88—91
    [3]石桂春,刘熙.玉米加工利用的现状与途径.玉米科学,1998,4:67—69
    [4]蔡同一,赵文娟.玉米深加工及其综合利用.食品科学,2000,21(1):6—8
    [5]卢敏等.玉米湿磨副产品的营养价值及在饲料中的应用.饲料工业,1998,19(11):26—27
    [6]余平.玉米湿法加工产品的营养特性及在饲料生产中的应用.饲料工业 1992,13(8):47—48
    [7]孟宪梅等.玉米深加工副产品的转化及在饲料中的应用.饲料工业,1998,(19)12:33—35
    [8]汪林.玉米加工副产品及在饲料中的应用.国外畜牧学-饲料,1993,6:13
    [9]张伟良.玉米蛋白在蛋鸡生产上的应用.上海畜牧兽医通讯,1985,(3)4—5
    [10]陈璥.湿磨法玉米淀粉工厂的蛋白饲料,饲料工业 1988,(4):16—17
    [11]刘长涛.利用玉米淀粉渣生产配合饲料试验研究.饲料工业,1990,(4):3-4
    [12]刘长涛.玉米淀粉渣的饲养效果.中国畜牧杂志,1990,26(4):31-32
    [13]马最瑶.玉米淀粉下脚料直接发酵生产菌蛋白和玉米黄色素的研究.饲料研究,1990,(2):4—7
    [14]山东省科学院生物研究所.利用玉米下脚料生产饲料酵母.中国饲料,1990(1):28—29
    [15]冯成铨.玉米深加工废渣制肥育猪浓缩料.饲料工业,1998,10:28-29
    [16]秦贵信.玉米面筋饲料喂蛋鸡研究.中国饲料,1992(1):33—34
    [17]汪银才.玉米胚芽饼喂饲育肥猪实验.养猪,1992(1):11
    [18]赵守贤,陈继富.玉米淀粉渣开发利用的研究.粮食与饲料工业,1994,6:28—30
    [19]冯东勋.“玉米酵麸”饲喂生长肥育猪效果试验.养猪,1995,(4):26-27
    [20]吴贵兰.利用淀粉废水生产单细胞蛋白(SCP)的研究.饲料工业,1996,17(8):38—41
    [21]郭维烈等.用玉米淀粉生产4230—15菌体蛋白饲料.畜牧与兽医,1996,6:255—256
    [22]祁宏伟,玉米深加工副产品饲喂生长肥育猪效果研究.吉林农业科学研究,1997,4:69-72
    [23]白坤,王亚平,王世元.玉米蛋白粉和酵母饲料的生产技术.饲料工业,1996,17(7)10—13
    [24]曹毅.用生物技术提高玉米皮渣饲用价值.中国饲料,1998,14:22-24
    [25]凌吉春.玉米浸泡水的回收利用.饲料工业,1998,2:45
    [26]陈什培,江培发,刘开容.玉米蛋白粉饲喂生长育肥猪效果研究,家畜生态,2000,21(2):25—27
    [27]吴绵斌,夏黎明,虞炳钧等.玉米渣皮双菌种固态发酵生产细胞蛋白的研究.食品与发酵工业 2000,26(1):24—27
    
    
    [28]胡薇,娄玉杰,王冲等.生物纤维饲料饲喂生长育肥猪效果的研究.吉林农业大学学报,2001,23(3):94—98
    [29]王淑萍,娄玉杰,崔鹏飞等.生物纤维饲料喂鸡饲用价值的研究.吉林农业大学学报,2001,23(4):79—82
    [30]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业出版社,1993:39—57
    [31]成恒嵩,杨智力,宓晓黎等.饲料分析实用手册.南京:江苏科学技术出版社1993:197—204
    [32]廖延雄.兽医微生物实验诊断手册.北京:中国农业出版社,1992:70—75
    [33]韩文瑜,何昭阳,刘玉斌.病原细菌检验技术.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1992:505—507
    [34]中国美利奴羊饲养标准研究协作组.中国美利奴羊营养需要量及饲料营养价值,北京:中国农业科技出版社,1992
    [35]杨连玉,秦贵信.饲粮氮源构成对育成绵羊氮表观沉积率的影响.吉林农业大学学报,1998,20(2):62—65
    [36]杨诗兴.饲料营养价值评定方法,兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1983:1—52
    [37]卢德勋,谢崇文,朱兴远等.现代反刍动物营养研究方法和技术.北京:农业出版社,1991:46—65
    [38]冯仰廉.反刍家畜降解蛋白质的研究.中国畜牧杂志,1985,6:20—24
    [39]冯仰廉.用尼龙袋法测定几种中国饲料在瘤胃中的降解率及该方法的稳定性研究.中国畜牧杂志,1984,5:3—6
    [40]林春建,冯仰廉.尼龙袋法评定饲料在反刍动物瘤胃内蛋白质的降解率.北京农业大学学报,1987,13(3):375—381
    [41]M.Ryle著,周建民,张晓明,王加启译.反刍动物营养学.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1992:298—310
    [42]郝正里,刘世民,孟宪政.反刍动物营养学.兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2000:107—144
    [43]冯仰廉,莫放.反刍动物蛋白质营养新体系.动物营养研究进展.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994:65
    [44]中国饲料数据库情报网中心 中国饲料成分及营养价值表2000年第11版修订说明 中国饲料,2000(22):23—27
    [45]中国饲料数据库情报网中心 中国饲料成分及营养价值表2000年第11版修订说明 中国饲料,2000(23):24—25
    [46]高中起,孙会.配合饲料学.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992:9—10
    [47]刘学剑 饲用微生物在动物生产中的应用.国外畜牧学-饲料,1998,4:32
    [48]薛白,韩兴泰 牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究.动物营养学报,199810(3):35—39
    
    
    [49]莫放,冯仰廉,罾一鸣等.粗饲料及食品加工副产物的瘤胃有机物降解率的研究.中国畜牧杂志,1995,31(5):5—7
    [50]王加启 反刍动物消化动力学研究进展,黄牛杂志,1992,(1):76—79
    [51]高民 卢德勋 冯宗慈等 影响瘤胃微生物蛋白合成主要因素的灰色关联分析 内蒙古畜牧科学,1994(2):18—22
    [52]华思言.人畜分粮势在必行.中国饲料,1996,19:1
    [53]刘当慧.我国饲料资源紧缺的特点及其对策的探讨.粮食与饲料工业,1999,1:27—30
    [54]杨在宾.饲料蛋白质资源及开发利用途径.饲料与畜牧,1998,(3):22-26
    [55]杨振海.我国饲料生产现状、存在的主要问题及有关建议.饲料广角,2000,18:3—4
    [56]Singh, N.; Eckhoff, S.R. Wet Milling of Corn—a review of Laboratory-scale and Pilot Plant-scale Proedures. Cereal Chemistry, 1996, 73(6):659—667
    [57]H.S.Hussein, L.L.Berger. Effects of Feed Intake and Dietary Level of Wet Corn Gluten Feed on Feedlot Performance Digestibility of Nutrients and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Finishing Beef Heifers. J. Anim. Sei., 1995, 73:3246—3252
    [58]C.J.Richards etc. Effect of Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Supplemental Protein and Tallow on Steer Finishing Performance. J. Anim. Sci., 1998, 76:421—428
    [59]G. A. Ham etc. Determine the Net Energy Value of Wet and Dry Corn Glutes Feed in Beef Growing and Finishing Diets. J. Anim. Sci., 1995, 73:1153—359
    [60]Φrskov, E. R. & McDonald, I., The Estimation of Protein Degradability in the Rumen from Incubation Measurements Weighted According to Rate of Passage. J. Agrie. Sei. 1979,92(camb):499
    [61]Ganev, G., Φrskor, E.R. and Smart, R., Effect of Type of Substrate and Retention Time on Rate and Extent of Degradation of Protein Supplements in the Rumen. J. Agric. Sci. 1979,9:3 (camb): 651—656
    [62]MeDonahl, I.A.. Revised Model for the Estimation of Protein Degradability in the Rumen. J. Agrie. Set., 1981, 96 (Camb):251—252
    [63]Qingxiang Meng, Linlu, Xiaomei Mis ect. Effect of replacing corn and wheat bran with soyhulls in lacation cow diets on In Situ digestion characteristics of dietary dry mater and fiber and lactation performance. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. vol.13 No.12:1691—1698

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700