隔膜法制碱降低能源综合费用过程模拟研究
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摘要
节能降耗作为氯碱企业核心的问题之一，一直是氯碱行业研究最活跃的领域。由于我国近年大幅降低了氯碱企业的电价，同时蒸汽价格有所增加，如果氯碱企业的工艺指标，特别是电解液浓度不作调整，显然难以保证电和蒸汽的费用最低。针对上述情况，本文对隔膜法制碱降低能源综合费用进行研究。一般氯碱设计总是按能耗最低设计，但由于各地方电价、汽价不同，结果能源的总费用不一定是最低。例如，我厂由于汽价较高而电价较低，因此，完全可以把电解液浓度控制得较高，使蒸汽消耗降低，从而使能耗综合费用趋于最低。
本文的工作是在本厂现有设备的基础上，通过计算机模拟调整两个能耗最多的工序电解和蒸发的工艺指标，同时兼顾到指标改变对产品质量和设备的影响，使能源费用最低。
本文首先简要讨论了降低能耗对氯碱企业的意义，介绍了隔膜法制碱的节能降耗的技术现状和计算机技术在氯碱行业的应用现状。然后，在介绍了电解和蒸发工艺原理及我厂工艺状况的基础上，建立了电解和蒸发能源费用计算的数学模型。根据数学模型编制了模拟计算程序，利用程序进行模拟计算，得到了最优的电解液浓度指标，求得了该最优指标下使电解和蒸发的其余工艺参数，并对模拟结果进行了技术经济分析。最后，将模拟结果与实际指标进行了对比验证，以确定模拟计算的正确性，并对模拟过程和方法作了简要讨论。
通过上述工作，提供了优化工艺参数以及求取电解和蒸发最低能源费用的计算程序，获得了我厂优化的工艺参数，通过优化工艺参数能较显著地降低电解和蒸发的能源费用。
Energy conservation and reducing consumption have always been one of the most important problems and the most active fields researched in the chlor-alrali industry. Because of depression of electricity price and the elevation of vapor price, if the technologic target of the chlor-alrali enterprises, especially concentration of electrolyte, had been not adjusted , it will be obviously difficult to guarantee the least cost of electricity and vapor consumed. This paper does not intend to reduce consumption of energy, but to reduce the fee of energy for which the causic soda is produced by the asbestos baffle. The technologic target of the chlor-alrali process has always been designed according to the minimum consumption of energy, but the total fee of energy may be uncertain minimum owing to the different price of the vapor and electricity in different areas. For example, the price of electricity is lower in our plant, but the price of vapor is higher. So the minimum total fee of energy would be ensured by razi
ng the concentration of electrolyte and reducing the vapor consumed although the total energy consumed may be not minimum, owing to the more consuming energy of electricity caused by the lower efficiency of electrolysis.
The intention of this paper is to guarantee the minimum fee of energy on the base of existing equipment of the plant by adjusting the technologic target of the electrolysis and evaporation processes making use of flower sheeting, which is the two section of the most energy consumed. At the same time, the influence of the adjusting to the product quality and the equipments caused by the charge of technologic target would be considered. Then a software was developed to calculate the minimum fee of energy according to the different price of the electricity and vapor.
In this paper, at first, the significance of the energy conservation to the cholor-alrali enterprises was briefly discussed. The current technology of energy conservation and reducing consumption were described, also the current computer technique used in chlor-alrali enterprises was introduced . Then, mathematical modes for the fee calculation of electricity and vapor was developed on the base of the technological principle of electrolysis and evaporation. The software according to the modes was processed by computer flow sheeting. The optimized targets of concentration of electrolysis had been obtained by application of the software. Based on the optimize targets, the optimize concentration of electrolysis had been calculated out while energy fee was minimum. Furthermore, the technical economic analysis of the calculation was carried out. Further, the contrast checking between the calculating targets and the practice targets had been made to determine the exactness of the calculation. At last, the processe
s and methods of flow sheeting was briefly discussed. Basing on the work mentioned above, the optimal technologic targets had been obtained for our enterprises; With the software application, the fee of the electricity and vapor consumed in our enterprise can be obviously cut down.
本文的工作是在本厂现有设备的基础上，通过计算机模拟调整两个能耗最多的工序电解和蒸发的工艺指标，同时兼顾到指标改变对产品质量和设备的影响，使能源费用最低。
本文首先简要讨论了降低能耗对氯碱企业的意义，介绍了隔膜法制碱的节能降耗的技术现状和计算机技术在氯碱行业的应用现状。然后，在介绍了电解和蒸发工艺原理及我厂工艺状况的基础上，建立了电解和蒸发能源费用计算的数学模型。根据数学模型编制了模拟计算程序，利用程序进行模拟计算，得到了最优的电解液浓度指标，求得了该最优指标下使电解和蒸发的其余工艺参数，并对模拟结果进行了技术经济分析。最后，将模拟结果与实际指标进行了对比验证，以确定模拟计算的正确性，并对模拟过程和方法作了简要讨论。
通过上述工作，提供了优化工艺参数以及求取电解和蒸发最低能源费用的计算程序，获得了我厂优化的工艺参数，通过优化工艺参数能较显著地降低电解和蒸发的能源费用。
Energy conservation and reducing consumption have always been one of the most important problems and the most active fields researched in the chlor-alrali industry. Because of depression of electricity price and the elevation of vapor price, if the technologic target of the chlor-alrali enterprises, especially concentration of electrolyte, had been not adjusted , it will be obviously difficult to guarantee the least cost of electricity and vapor consumed. This paper does not intend to reduce consumption of energy, but to reduce the fee of energy for which the causic soda is produced by the asbestos baffle. The technologic target of the chlor-alrali process has always been designed according to the minimum consumption of energy, but the total fee of energy may be uncertain minimum owing to the different price of the vapor and electricity in different areas. For example, the price of electricity is lower in our plant, but the price of vapor is higher. So the minimum total fee of energy would be ensured by razi
ng the concentration of electrolyte and reducing the vapor consumed although the total energy consumed may be not minimum, owing to the more consuming energy of electricity caused by the lower efficiency of electrolysis.
The intention of this paper is to guarantee the minimum fee of energy on the base of existing equipment of the plant by adjusting the technologic target of the electrolysis and evaporation processes making use of flower sheeting, which is the two section of the most energy consumed. At the same time, the influence of the adjusting to the product quality and the equipments caused by the charge of technologic target would be considered. Then a software was developed to calculate the minimum fee of energy according to the different price of the electricity and vapor.
In this paper, at first, the significance of the energy conservation to the cholor-alrali enterprises was briefly discussed. The current technology of energy conservation and reducing consumption were described, also the current computer technique used in chlor-alrali enterprises was introduced . Then, mathematical modes for the fee calculation of electricity and vapor was developed on the base of the technological principle of electrolysis and evaporation. The software according to the modes was processed by computer flow sheeting. The optimized targets of concentration of electrolysis had been obtained by application of the software. Based on the optimize targets, the optimize concentration of electrolysis had been calculated out while energy fee was minimum. Furthermore, the technical economic analysis of the calculation was carried out. Further, the contrast checking between the calculating targets and the practice targets had been made to determine the exactness of the calculation. At last, the processe
s and methods of flow sheeting was briefly discussed. Basing on the work mentioned above, the optimal technologic targets had been obtained for our enterprises; With the software application, the fee of the electricity and vapor consumed in our enterprise can be obviously cut down.
引文
[1]江苏化工局，扬州农药厂．烧碱蒸发工序技术培训教材．讲义．1979
[2]四川化学工业厅，宜宾化工厂．烧碱生产工艺．讲义．1984
[3]北京石油化工工程公司．氯碱工业理化常数手册．北京：化学工业出版社．1984
[4]陈康宁．金属阳极．上海：华东师大出版社．1989
[5]王煤，邓晖，QB程序设计语言与常用算法．四川大学讲义．
[6]陈康宁．氯碱生产岗位知识问答．上海：上海科学技术出版社
[7][日]日根文男．电槽工学．北京：化学工业出版社．1985
[8]陆忠兴，周元培．氯碱．北京：化学工业出版社．1995
[9]赵念松．节能降耗技术在氯碱工业的应用．氯碱工业，1998．4，32～40
[10]王京平 李兆华 齐鲁氯碱厂烧碱装置及生产及改造．氯碱工业，1999．12，14～16
[2]四川化学工业厅，宜宾化工厂．烧碱生产工艺．讲义．1984
[3]北京石油化工工程公司．氯碱工业理化常数手册．北京：化学工业出版社．1984
[4]陈康宁．金属阳极．上海：华东师大出版社．1989
[5]王煤，邓晖，QB程序设计语言与常用算法．四川大学讲义．
[6]陈康宁．氯碱生产岗位知识问答．上海：上海科学技术出版社
[7][日]日根文男．电槽工学．北京：化学工业出版社．1985
[8]陆忠兴，周元培．氯碱．北京：化学工业出版社．1995
[9]赵念松．节能降耗技术在氯碱工业的应用．氯碱工业，1998．4，32～40
[10]王京平 李兆华 齐鲁氯碱厂烧碱装置及生产及改造．氯碱工业，1999．12，14～16