农村妇女职业教育对农业经济和社会发展的影响研究
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摘要
随着我国经济社会的全面发展和社会主义新农村建设的不断推进,农村妇女这支过去一直因为弱势而被忽视的力量,渐渐成为农业生产和新农村建设的生力军,农村妇女素质的高低越来越影响农业生产和农村发展。农村职业教育在培养、提高农村妇女劳动力素质、优化就业结构和提升经济社会贡献等方面发挥了独特的不可替代的作用。近年来,国家不断加大对新型农民的培训力度,实施了以阳光工程、绿色证书工程、农民创业培训工程等为主要内容的培训项目,河北省也相继开展了“培养双带头人”、“双学双比”、“送教下乡”等农民培训工程,广大妇女积极参加。研究农村妇女职业教育发展现状、存在的问题、农村妇女参与职业教育的影响因素以及评价农村妇女职业教育带来的各种经济社会作用,是十分必要的,既有理论价值也有实践意义。
本文以河北省农村妇女职业培训为研究对象,主要研究内容包括如下儿个方面：第一,农村妇女教育的理论；第二,农村妇女教育制度变迁,特别是河北省农村妇女教育的状况；第三,农村妇女接受职业教育的影响因素；第四,农村妇女职业教育对经济贡献的影响分析；第五,农村妇女职业教育对社会发展的影响分析。除了这些内容之外,还有关于促进农村妇女参加职业教育,改善职业教育的政策建议措施。
本文基于对河北省农村妇女的调研问卷,综合运用统计分析的方法和计量模型等实证分析方法。研究表明,现阶段河北省农村妇女职业培训覆盖了农村妇女,妇女对农村职业培训的态度、所承受的家庭经济负担以及是否能够准确及时获得相关培训信息对其是否参与农村职业培训具有重要影响。对农村女生接受正规职业教育的情况、影响因素等进行了进一步分析,发现其父母的文化程度、父母的职业、家庭收入情况以及职业学校的学费都对农村女生接受正规的职业教育有着很大的影响。在职业教育对农村妇女的就业结构及经济社会贡献影响方面,本文从劳动经济学角度出发,从职业教育对农村劳动力供给、需求和供需机制三方面的影响进行阐述,根据农村劳动力就业结构变化的一般规律,通过分析农村职业培训对农业内部非转移就业的影响、对农业内部转移就业的影响以及对非农就业的影响来说明职业培训对促进农村妇女就业结构优化发挥着不可替代的作用。
本文的创新之处主要包括两点：第一,选择了农村妇女调研问卷,通过河北省问卷设计和分析,了解了现实中农村妇女职业教育的真实情况,并根据各种变量进行了实证分析；第二,本文重点将研究内容侧重在农村妇女职业教育对经济发展、社会发展的贡献评价上,在研究视角上填补了以前研究的不足。
Along with our country's comprehensive development of economy and society, and the continuously construction of the new socialist countryside steadily, rural women, who has been ignored in the past because of the weak strength, are gradually becoming the main force in agricultural production and the construction of new countryside. Rural women's quality obviously more and more influence in the rural reform and development process. Rural vocational education plays an unique irreplaceable role in improving the rural women's quality, optimizing the structure of employment and promote economic and social contribution. In recent years, our country have been increasing inputs of new farmers training projects, such as the implement of the Sunshine Project, Green Certification Project, Farmers Entrepreneurial Training Project and so on. Hebei province has also carried out a series of projects such as Farmers Double Leader Project,"Double Learn and Double Match Project, Send Training to the Countryside Project and so on. The rural women take an active part in, these projects greatly improve the farmers' comprehensive quality and technical level, enhance the role of agricultural science and technology on agricultural development. Based on the Hebei province rural women's investigation questionnaire, using the empirical analysis and statistical analysis method, through the analysis of rural women in the role of economic growth and its reason, reach that the rural economic growth must depend on the rural women, improve the rural women's status and role, realize the benign interaction between the economic growth and improve the rural women's status and provide decision-making reference for the development of rural women's vocational education.
the paper make a regional and gender to rural women as a research starting point, Hebei province rural women's vocational education as the research object, using the statistical methods analysis the rural women's characteristics of receiving vocational education, and then use model to measure the influence factors of the rural women's participation in rural vocational education. Research shows that, the rural women in Hebei province vocational training covered the main rural women'and the main industry of rural areas, rural women's attitude to the vocational education, family economic burden and whether to accurate and timely access to relevant information has the important influence to its participation in rural vocational education. To the rural girl's formal vocational education and influence factors, through further analysis, the author found that the parents' education, parents' occupation, family income and vocational school tuition fees has a great in the rural girl's formal vocational education. On the impacts of the rural women's vocational education to the employment structure and the economic and social contribution, from the labor economics point of view, employment was influenced by three factors, labor supply, labor demand and labor mechanism, therefore the vocational education should play a role from these three aspects to affect employment. Through the analysis of rural vocational education influence to the employment of agricultural internal not transfer, the employment of agricultural internal transfer and the employment of non-agricultural, and then illustrate vocational education's role of promoting rural women's employment and the development of rural economic and social contribution. in-depth analysis of rural women's professional vocational education's influence on the development of the rural society, through two aspects, that is, the condition of employment and the employment structure reflect the value of the two aspects, one is on the rural women's own value, including living guarantee, self-value realization, self-development and children education, etc.; The second is the value of the social economy development, including increase social wealth, promote social stability and improve the status of women and promote social development.
Finally, on the basis of summarizing the above chapters, this paper give a series of policy suggestions to improve the future rural women's vocational education, improve the rural women's employment structure, and improve the rural women's social and economic status.
本文以河北省农村妇女职业培训为研究对象,主要研究内容包括如下儿个方面：第一,农村妇女教育的理论；第二,农村妇女教育制度变迁,特别是河北省农村妇女教育的状况；第三,农村妇女接受职业教育的影响因素；第四,农村妇女职业教育对经济贡献的影响分析；第五,农村妇女职业教育对社会发展的影响分析。除了这些内容之外,还有关于促进农村妇女参加职业教育,改善职业教育的政策建议措施。
本文基于对河北省农村妇女的调研问卷,综合运用统计分析的方法和计量模型等实证分析方法。研究表明,现阶段河北省农村妇女职业培训覆盖了农村妇女,妇女对农村职业培训的态度、所承受的家庭经济负担以及是否能够准确及时获得相关培训信息对其是否参与农村职业培训具有重要影响。对农村女生接受正规职业教育的情况、影响因素等进行了进一步分析,发现其父母的文化程度、父母的职业、家庭收入情况以及职业学校的学费都对农村女生接受正规的职业教育有着很大的影响。在职业教育对农村妇女的就业结构及经济社会贡献影响方面,本文从劳动经济学角度出发,从职业教育对农村劳动力供给、需求和供需机制三方面的影响进行阐述,根据农村劳动力就业结构变化的一般规律,通过分析农村职业培训对农业内部非转移就业的影响、对农业内部转移就业的影响以及对非农就业的影响来说明职业培训对促进农村妇女就业结构优化发挥着不可替代的作用。
本文的创新之处主要包括两点：第一,选择了农村妇女调研问卷,通过河北省问卷设计和分析,了解了现实中农村妇女职业教育的真实情况,并根据各种变量进行了实证分析；第二,本文重点将研究内容侧重在农村妇女职业教育对经济发展、社会发展的贡献评价上,在研究视角上填补了以前研究的不足。
Along with our country's comprehensive development of economy and society, and the continuously construction of the new socialist countryside steadily, rural women, who has been ignored in the past because of the weak strength, are gradually becoming the main force in agricultural production and the construction of new countryside. Rural women's quality obviously more and more influence in the rural reform and development process. Rural vocational education plays an unique irreplaceable role in improving the rural women's quality, optimizing the structure of employment and promote economic and social contribution. In recent years, our country have been increasing inputs of new farmers training projects, such as the implement of the Sunshine Project, Green Certification Project, Farmers Entrepreneurial Training Project and so on. Hebei province has also carried out a series of projects such as Farmers Double Leader Project,"Double Learn and Double Match Project, Send Training to the Countryside Project and so on. The rural women take an active part in, these projects greatly improve the farmers' comprehensive quality and technical level, enhance the role of agricultural science and technology on agricultural development. Based on the Hebei province rural women's investigation questionnaire, using the empirical analysis and statistical analysis method, through the analysis of rural women in the role of economic growth and its reason, reach that the rural economic growth must depend on the rural women, improve the rural women's status and role, realize the benign interaction between the economic growth and improve the rural women's status and provide decision-making reference for the development of rural women's vocational education.
the paper make a regional and gender to rural women as a research starting point, Hebei province rural women's vocational education as the research object, using the statistical methods analysis the rural women's characteristics of receiving vocational education, and then use model to measure the influence factors of the rural women's participation in rural vocational education. Research shows that, the rural women in Hebei province vocational training covered the main rural women'and the main industry of rural areas, rural women's attitude to the vocational education, family economic burden and whether to accurate and timely access to relevant information has the important influence to its participation in rural vocational education. To the rural girl's formal vocational education and influence factors, through further analysis, the author found that the parents' education, parents' occupation, family income and vocational school tuition fees has a great in the rural girl's formal vocational education. On the impacts of the rural women's vocational education to the employment structure and the economic and social contribution, from the labor economics point of view, employment was influenced by three factors, labor supply, labor demand and labor mechanism, therefore the vocational education should play a role from these three aspects to affect employment. Through the analysis of rural vocational education influence to the employment of agricultural internal not transfer, the employment of agricultural internal transfer and the employment of non-agricultural, and then illustrate vocational education's role of promoting rural women's employment and the development of rural economic and social contribution. in-depth analysis of rural women's professional vocational education's influence on the development of the rural society, through two aspects, that is, the condition of employment and the employment structure reflect the value of the two aspects, one is on the rural women's own value, including living guarantee, self-value realization, self-development and children education, etc.; The second is the value of the social economy development, including increase social wealth, promote social stability and improve the status of women and promote social development.
Finally, on the basis of summarizing the above chapters, this paper give a series of policy suggestions to improve the future rural women's vocational education, improve the rural women's employment structure, and improve the rural women's social and economic status.
引文
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40 2005年全国教育事业发展统计公报
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42 2006年国务院一号文件《关于推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》
43 2010年全国教育事业发展统计公报
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47我国农业科技成果转化率仅四成左右远低于发达国家80%以上的水平.新华网,2011-11-09http://www.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/index.htm
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49何军.农业技术推广中农民接受心理浅析.中国农业教育,2006(4)：6-8
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