中国肉羊产业国际竞争力研究
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摘要
经济全球化是世界经济发展的显著特点和必然趋势。尽管我国肉羊生产兴起时间较短,但发展的速度很快。自20世纪90年代以来,我国绵羊、山羊的存栏量、出栏量、羊肉产量均居世界第一位,肉羊业产值占畜牧业的比重也在不断提高。肉羊产业在改善我国人民的膳食结构、提高我国人民的身体素质、增加农牧民生产经营收入、提升我国农业尤其畜牧业的生产结构等方面都做出了巨大的贡献作为畜牧业的一个子产业,肉羊业正在成长为畜牧业的一个“朝阳产业”。
但是,与中国作为肉羊生产大国地位很不相称的是,我国还是肉羊产品国际贸易的小国,国际市场占有率只有1%左右,在国际化的道路上,我国肉羊产业发展仍然任重道远。因此,在我国肉羊业从计划经济走向市场经济、从数量型发展走向质量型发展、从关税保护型发展走向自由开放型发展的转型时期,研究其生产和贸易的现状及其影响因素,分析其所面对的新的国内、国际经济环境,认清国内、国际两种资源的可利用优势,开发国内、国际两大潜在市场,寻找提高我国肉羊产业国际市场竞争力的策略和建议将具有非常重要的意义。
论文的主要内容分为六部分:
第一部分 主要以迈克尔·波特的产业及产品国际竞争力理论和国际贸易理论为主要的理论基础,采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法,构造了中国肉羊产业国际竞争力研究的经济分析框架,构建并确定了中国肉羊产业国际竞争力的指标体系及其主要决定和影响因素。
第二部分 对中国肉羊业的国内外环境进行客观地评价,对中国肉羊业生产、消费和贸易的现状进行了分析及国际比较。研究发现:中国肉羊存栏量,产肉量稳步增长;肉羊业产值和羊肉产量在肉类产业中的比重不断提高;饲养方式正逐步由放牧转变为舍饲和半舍饲;肉羊生产区域化特征明显,主产区域从牧区转向农区;规模化程度提高,养殖小区大批出现;肉羊产品的国内市场占有率较高、国内市场饱和程度较低,羊肉尤其绵羊肉的国内需求缺口较大,羊肉消费总量增长率和人均增长率均都不断增长。
第三部分 具体测算了中国肉羊业总体及产品竞争力。研究发现:同国内整个畜牧业产品相比,中国肉羊业总体基本不具备显示性比较优势;中国肉羊业主要产品的市场竞争力较低;山羊和山羊肉相对其它肉羊产品国际竞争力相对较强。因此,在很长一段时间内,国内庞大的消费市场仍将是其主要的目标市场。
第四部 根据迈克尔·波特竞争力钻石理论,就肉羊产品的成本和价格、质量与安全、生产要素和辅助产业及政府的作用等因素对中国肉羊业国际竞争力的影响进行了系统地分析。研究发现:非价格因素成为影响中国肉羊产品国际竞争力的主要原因。和主要出口国相比,中国羊肉价格竞争力总体呈明显上升的趋势;中国绵羊更具有明显的价格竞争优势。中国活山羊出口有着较强的质量竞争优势。但是,肉羊养殖业的弱质性需要政府的宏观调控,政府应从多角度给予肉羊业以扶持。
第五部分 就肉羊产业国内区域竞争力进行了分析;并测算了肉羊主产区的区域比较优势。研究发现:肉羊产区羊业产值绝对值呈上升趋势;肉羊主产区正从牧区转向农区,但牧区在肉羊产业发展中仍然具有举足轻重的地位。西部牧区肉羊业区位商一直保持在较高的水平,牧区的肉
Globalization is the highlight and trend of world economic development. Mutton sheep industry is rising up rapidly in China, although this industry is still at its very beginning stage. The number of sheep and goats in stock and their slaughtering, and mutton production all have been ranking the first place in the world since the 1990s, and the share of mutton sheep output value among the whole livestock industry is also increasing. Mutton sheep production contributes a lot to food structure adjustment, food quality improvement, farmers' income increase, as well as restructuring our country's livestock production. As a branch of livestock industry, mutton sheep production has grown up as a prosperous industry in China.However, incompatible with the important status of mutton sheep production, China just amounts for a very small share of the international trade of mutton products, with a share of more and less than 1%. China's mutton sheep industry still has a long way to go before realizing its goal of globalization. Therefore, in the era of transformation from central planning to market-oriented economy, from extensive to intensive development mode and from tariff-protection policy to free and open trade environment, it is necessary and imperative to understand the current situation of sheep production and international trade, and factors influencing such situations;to examine comparative advantage of the available internal and external resources;to recognize national and international economic environment;to develop internal and outside potential markets, and to bring up policy suggestions on improving our sheep industry competitiveness.This dissertation will be categorized following six parts:In the first part, based on Michael E.Porter's organization international competition theory and international trade theories, the author will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods to construct the framework of analyzing international competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry, build up index system and find out major factors affecting international competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry.The second part describes domestic sheep production, consumption and trade situation and makes international comparisons, so as to evaluate market of China mutton sheep industry. The research finds out that sheep inventory and mutton production grows up steadily;output value of mutton sheep industry takes more share among meat industry;raising method is changing from extensively grazing on the pasture to intensive shed-raising;distribution of mutton sheep production is concentrating gradually from the
pasture region to farming region;raising scale is expanding and a number of raising specialization organizations are appearing;market share of mutton is increasing, and there is still large domestic market potential;total and per capital mutton consumption are both rising rapidly.The third part measures the competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry and products. The results indicate: generally speaking, sheep products are equipped with lower competitiveness;however, goat and sheep meat has relatively higher competition ability as compared with other meat industries. So the huge internal consume market is still the target market for a very long time.In the fourth part, based on Michael E.Porter's diamond theory, the author systematically examines the international competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry, from the perspectives of sheep product costs and prices, quality and food safety, production inputs, relative industry as well as governmental functions. The results indicate: the factors except the price have been the major factors affecting international competitiveness;China's goat and sheep meat and living sheep has relatively higher price competition ability as compared with other meat industries;and the living goat has obvious quality competition ability;but the mutton sheep industry still needs the governments' protection, because it is still a weak industry.The fifth part investigates that the domestic regional competitiveness of sheep industry, and evaluates the regional comparative advantages of major mutton sheep production regions. The results indicate: the absolute value of mutton sheep industry's output is rising;although the major mutton sheep production regions has changed to farm area , the west pasturing areas are still very important;the west pasturing areas have relatively regional comparative advantages because of raising scale.The last part brings up policy suggestions and strategies on improving international competitiveness of China's mutton sheep industry. According to the results, the government should implement measures as follows:Firstly, the marketing strategy for the target market should be planned, in order to marketing differentially according to domestic and international market respectively. Secondly, government supporting policies on mutton sheep industry should be strengthened fully use the "yellow box" subsidy to support the firm and household. Thirdly, push forward to the industrialization by strengthening the leader business enterprise and the relationship between production and sale, supporting the brokerage. Fourthly, increase the investment by official finance in scientific research, technology education and transfer for mutton product. Fively, regional comparative advantage should
be fully promoted by optimizing the regional distributing of mutton sheep industry. Moreover, we should made fully use the regional comparative advantage of resourse and implement the project of "pasture area breeding, farm area fattening".Finally, the strategy and policy suggestion was made to promote the international competitiveness for China mutton sheep industry, on the basis of quality safety control and building None Stipulated Animal Epidemic Disease area.
但是,与中国作为肉羊生产大国地位很不相称的是,我国还是肉羊产品国际贸易的小国,国际市场占有率只有1%左右,在国际化的道路上,我国肉羊产业发展仍然任重道远。因此,在我国肉羊业从计划经济走向市场经济、从数量型发展走向质量型发展、从关税保护型发展走向自由开放型发展的转型时期,研究其生产和贸易的现状及其影响因素,分析其所面对的新的国内、国际经济环境,认清国内、国际两种资源的可利用优势,开发国内、国际两大潜在市场,寻找提高我国肉羊产业国际市场竞争力的策略和建议将具有非常重要的意义。
论文的主要内容分为六部分:
第一部分 主要以迈克尔·波特的产业及产品国际竞争力理论和国际贸易理论为主要的理论基础,采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法,构造了中国肉羊产业国际竞争力研究的经济分析框架,构建并确定了中国肉羊产业国际竞争力的指标体系及其主要决定和影响因素。
第二部分 对中国肉羊业的国内外环境进行客观地评价,对中国肉羊业生产、消费和贸易的现状进行了分析及国际比较。研究发现:中国肉羊存栏量,产肉量稳步增长;肉羊业产值和羊肉产量在肉类产业中的比重不断提高;饲养方式正逐步由放牧转变为舍饲和半舍饲;肉羊生产区域化特征明显,主产区域从牧区转向农区;规模化程度提高,养殖小区大批出现;肉羊产品的国内市场占有率较高、国内市场饱和程度较低,羊肉尤其绵羊肉的国内需求缺口较大,羊肉消费总量增长率和人均增长率均都不断增长。
第三部分 具体测算了中国肉羊业总体及产品竞争力。研究发现:同国内整个畜牧业产品相比,中国肉羊业总体基本不具备显示性比较优势;中国肉羊业主要产品的市场竞争力较低;山羊和山羊肉相对其它肉羊产品国际竞争力相对较强。因此,在很长一段时间内,国内庞大的消费市场仍将是其主要的目标市场。
第四部 根据迈克尔·波特竞争力钻石理论,就肉羊产品的成本和价格、质量与安全、生产要素和辅助产业及政府的作用等因素对中国肉羊业国际竞争力的影响进行了系统地分析。研究发现:非价格因素成为影响中国肉羊产品国际竞争力的主要原因。和主要出口国相比,中国羊肉价格竞争力总体呈明显上升的趋势;中国绵羊更具有明显的价格竞争优势。中国活山羊出口有着较强的质量竞争优势。但是,肉羊养殖业的弱质性需要政府的宏观调控,政府应从多角度给予肉羊业以扶持。
第五部分 就肉羊产业国内区域竞争力进行了分析;并测算了肉羊主产区的区域比较优势。研究发现:肉羊产区羊业产值绝对值呈上升趋势;肉羊主产区正从牧区转向农区,但牧区在肉羊产业发展中仍然具有举足轻重的地位。西部牧区肉羊业区位商一直保持在较高的水平,牧区的肉
Globalization is the highlight and trend of world economic development. Mutton sheep industry is rising up rapidly in China, although this industry is still at its very beginning stage. The number of sheep and goats in stock and their slaughtering, and mutton production all have been ranking the first place in the world since the 1990s, and the share of mutton sheep output value among the whole livestock industry is also increasing. Mutton sheep production contributes a lot to food structure adjustment, food quality improvement, farmers' income increase, as well as restructuring our country's livestock production. As a branch of livestock industry, mutton sheep production has grown up as a prosperous industry in China.However, incompatible with the important status of mutton sheep production, China just amounts for a very small share of the international trade of mutton products, with a share of more and less than 1%. China's mutton sheep industry still has a long way to go before realizing its goal of globalization. Therefore, in the era of transformation from central planning to market-oriented economy, from extensive to intensive development mode and from tariff-protection policy to free and open trade environment, it is necessary and imperative to understand the current situation of sheep production and international trade, and factors influencing such situations;to examine comparative advantage of the available internal and external resources;to recognize national and international economic environment;to develop internal and outside potential markets, and to bring up policy suggestions on improving our sheep industry competitiveness.This dissertation will be categorized following six parts:In the first part, based on Michael E.Porter's organization international competition theory and international trade theories, the author will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods to construct the framework of analyzing international competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry, build up index system and find out major factors affecting international competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry.The second part describes domestic sheep production, consumption and trade situation and makes international comparisons, so as to evaluate market of China mutton sheep industry. The research finds out that sheep inventory and mutton production grows up steadily;output value of mutton sheep industry takes more share among meat industry;raising method is changing from extensively grazing on the pasture to intensive shed-raising;distribution of mutton sheep production is concentrating gradually from the
pasture region to farming region;raising scale is expanding and a number of raising specialization organizations are appearing;market share of mutton is increasing, and there is still large domestic market potential;total and per capital mutton consumption are both rising rapidly.The third part measures the competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry and products. The results indicate: generally speaking, sheep products are equipped with lower competitiveness;however, goat and sheep meat has relatively higher competition ability as compared with other meat industries. So the huge internal consume market is still the target market for a very long time.In the fourth part, based on Michael E.Porter's diamond theory, the author systematically examines the international competitiveness of China mutton sheep industry, from the perspectives of sheep product costs and prices, quality and food safety, production inputs, relative industry as well as governmental functions. The results indicate: the factors except the price have been the major factors affecting international competitiveness;China's goat and sheep meat and living sheep has relatively higher price competition ability as compared with other meat industries;and the living goat has obvious quality competition ability;but the mutton sheep industry still needs the governments' protection, because it is still a weak industry.The fifth part investigates that the domestic regional competitiveness of sheep industry, and evaluates the regional comparative advantages of major mutton sheep production regions. The results indicate: the absolute value of mutton sheep industry's output is rising;although the major mutton sheep production regions has changed to farm area , the west pasturing areas are still very important;the west pasturing areas have relatively regional comparative advantages because of raising scale.The last part brings up policy suggestions and strategies on improving international competitiveness of China's mutton sheep industry. According to the results, the government should implement measures as follows:Firstly, the marketing strategy for the target market should be planned, in order to marketing differentially according to domestic and international market respectively. Secondly, government supporting policies on mutton sheep industry should be strengthened fully use the "yellow box" subsidy to support the firm and household. Thirdly, push forward to the industrialization by strengthening the leader business enterprise and the relationship between production and sale, supporting the brokerage. Fourthly, increase the investment by official finance in scientific research, technology education and transfer for mutton product. Fively, regional comparative advantage should
be fully promoted by optimizing the regional distributing of mutton sheep industry. Moreover, we should made fully use the regional comparative advantage of resourse and implement the project of "pasture area breeding, farm area fattening".Finally, the strategy and policy suggestion was made to promote the international competitiveness for China mutton sheep industry, on the basis of quality safety control and building None Stipulated Animal Epidemic Disease area.
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