半散养蒙古野驴（Equus hemionus hemionus）昼间行为研究
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摘要
本论文于2006年7月-2007年5月间采用随意取样法、扫描取样法、目标取样法、连续记录法对生活在呼和浩特市大青山野生动物园(40°52′29.3″N,111°37′10.5″E)中的半散养蒙古野驴种群(共七头)进行了昼间行为观察。主要研究内容包括:半散养蒙古野驴幼体昼间行为和母体昼间行为的研究;半散养蒙古野驴种群四季昼间行为的时间分配和活动规律的研究。主要研究结果如下:
随着周龄的增加,幼体12周龄内昼间各类行为发育出现一个由简单→复杂→成熟的过程。幼体昼间活动规律逐渐与群体的昼间活动规律相吻合。幼体12周龄内昼间各类行为的时间分配在不同行为发育阶段差异显著。幼体昼间各类行为的时间分配和发生模式在出生后10-12周趋于稳定。
产后不同阶段,母体昼间母幼联系行为的特点有所不同。随着周次的增加,母体昼间活动规律逐渐与群体的昼间活动规律相吻合。产后不同阶段,母体昼间卧息、摄食、运动、母幼联系行为的时间分配差异显著,站立、其它行为的时间分配差异不显著。母体昼间各类行为的时间分配和发生模式在产后10-12周趋于稳定。
不同季节,半散养蒙古野驴昼间摄食和社会联系行为的时间分配差异不显著;与之相反昼间卧息、站立、运动和其它行为的时间分配差异极显著。半散养蒙古野驴昼间行为具有一定的规律性,呈现出活动与休息相交替的基本活动格局,但野生动物园的饲喂时间对半散养蒙古野驴的昼间活动规律有一定的影响。
本论文首次较为全面、系统地研究了半散养蒙古野驴的昼间行为,通过对该种群昼间行为的观察,初步分析了半散养蒙古野驴幼体昼间行为发育、母体育幼行为以及半散养蒙古野驴种群四季昼间行为的变化规律,建立了半散养蒙古野驴昼间行为谱,为蒙古野驴的保护、管理及合理利用等方面的研究提供了基础资料。
The diurnal behavior of a semi—free population of Asiatic Wild Ass living in Huhhot Daqingshan Wild Animal Park ( 40°52′29.3″N ,111°37′10.5″E)was observed by means of ad libitum sampling, scan sampling, focal sampling and continuous recording methods from July 2006 to May 2007. The research included two parts. One part was on the diurnal behavior of the foal and the mare of the semi—free population. The other was on the diurnal time budget and activity rhythm of the semi—free population in four seasons. The main conclusions were as follows.
With increase as the foal’s age, various diurnal behaviors of the foal had a development process from simpleness to complexity and maturity in the end. The diurnal activity rhythm of the foal gradually corresponded to the diurnal activity rhythm of the population. The time budget of various diurnal behaviors existed obvious differences at different stages of behavioral development. The diurnal time budget and behavioral pattern of the foal gradually stabilized in 10-12 weeks after birth. The diurnal interacting behavior of mother-young of the mare had
different characteristics at different stages of the post partum. The diurnal activity rhythm of the mare gradually corresponded to the diurnal activity rhythm of the population. In addition to the diurnal standing and miscellaneous behavior, the time budget of various diurnal behaviors existed obvious differences at different stages of the post partum. The diurnal time budget and behavioral pattern of the mare gradually stabilized in 10-12 weeks after the post partum.
The time budget of the diurnal feeding behavior and the social interaction existed no differences in different seasons. The time budget of the diurnal lying, standing, moving and miscellaneous behavior existed significant differences in different seasons. The semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass had obvious diurnal activity rhythm and presented movable pattern that the activity and rest altered. The breeding time of the Wild Animal Park had certain impacts on the diurnal activity rhythm of the semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass.
It was the first time to research the diurnal behavior of the semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass comprehensively and systematically. By the observation of the diurnal behavior, we analyzed the rhythm of the diurnal behavioral development of the foal, the diurnal nursing behavior of the mare at different stages and the diurnal behavior of the semi—free population in the four seasons. We built up the diurnal behavior table of the semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass. We provided the elementary data for the protection, management, reasonable utilization of the Asiatic Wild Ass resources by the research.
随着周龄的增加,幼体12周龄内昼间各类行为发育出现一个由简单→复杂→成熟的过程。幼体昼间活动规律逐渐与群体的昼间活动规律相吻合。幼体12周龄内昼间各类行为的时间分配在不同行为发育阶段差异显著。幼体昼间各类行为的时间分配和发生模式在出生后10-12周趋于稳定。
产后不同阶段,母体昼间母幼联系行为的特点有所不同。随着周次的增加,母体昼间活动规律逐渐与群体的昼间活动规律相吻合。产后不同阶段,母体昼间卧息、摄食、运动、母幼联系行为的时间分配差异显著,站立、其它行为的时间分配差异不显著。母体昼间各类行为的时间分配和发生模式在产后10-12周趋于稳定。
不同季节,半散养蒙古野驴昼间摄食和社会联系行为的时间分配差异不显著;与之相反昼间卧息、站立、运动和其它行为的时间分配差异极显著。半散养蒙古野驴昼间行为具有一定的规律性,呈现出活动与休息相交替的基本活动格局,但野生动物园的饲喂时间对半散养蒙古野驴的昼间活动规律有一定的影响。
本论文首次较为全面、系统地研究了半散养蒙古野驴的昼间行为,通过对该种群昼间行为的观察,初步分析了半散养蒙古野驴幼体昼间行为发育、母体育幼行为以及半散养蒙古野驴种群四季昼间行为的变化规律,建立了半散养蒙古野驴昼间行为谱,为蒙古野驴的保护、管理及合理利用等方面的研究提供了基础资料。
The diurnal behavior of a semi—free population of Asiatic Wild Ass living in Huhhot Daqingshan Wild Animal Park ( 40°52′29.3″N ,111°37′10.5″E)was observed by means of ad libitum sampling, scan sampling, focal sampling and continuous recording methods from July 2006 to May 2007. The research included two parts. One part was on the diurnal behavior of the foal and the mare of the semi—free population. The other was on the diurnal time budget and activity rhythm of the semi—free population in four seasons. The main conclusions were as follows.
With increase as the foal’s age, various diurnal behaviors of the foal had a development process from simpleness to complexity and maturity in the end. The diurnal activity rhythm of the foal gradually corresponded to the diurnal activity rhythm of the population. The time budget of various diurnal behaviors existed obvious differences at different stages of behavioral development. The diurnal time budget and behavioral pattern of the foal gradually stabilized in 10-12 weeks after birth. The diurnal interacting behavior of mother-young of the mare had
different characteristics at different stages of the post partum. The diurnal activity rhythm of the mare gradually corresponded to the diurnal activity rhythm of the population. In addition to the diurnal standing and miscellaneous behavior, the time budget of various diurnal behaviors existed obvious differences at different stages of the post partum. The diurnal time budget and behavioral pattern of the mare gradually stabilized in 10-12 weeks after the post partum.
The time budget of the diurnal feeding behavior and the social interaction existed no differences in different seasons. The time budget of the diurnal lying, standing, moving and miscellaneous behavior existed significant differences in different seasons. The semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass had obvious diurnal activity rhythm and presented movable pattern that the activity and rest altered. The breeding time of the Wild Animal Park had certain impacts on the diurnal activity rhythm of the semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass.
It was the first time to research the diurnal behavior of the semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass comprehensively and systematically. By the observation of the diurnal behavior, we analyzed the rhythm of the diurnal behavioral development of the foal, the diurnal nursing behavior of the mare at different stages and the diurnal behavior of the semi—free population in the four seasons. We built up the diurnal behavior table of the semi-free Asiatic Wild Ass. We provided the elementary data for the protection, management, reasonable utilization of the Asiatic Wild Ass resources by the research.
引文
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