城市污水生物处理活性污泥法仿真建模研究
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摘要
当前由于水资源相对短缺严重，城市污水处理正日益成为人们关注的焦点。而我国目前对城市污水处理的研究还远远落后于国际水平，同时新增的污水处理厂沿用传统工艺手段，缺乏有效的污水处理模型指导工艺的改进，而且大量污水处理工和相关给排水工程的学生一直停留在理论学习的阶段，没有可靠的仿真模型和软件工具支持离线模拟学习。为了解决上述问题，本文根据我国污水处理厂的实际工艺情况，采用模块化的建模思路进行白箱机理建模，以活性污泥ASM1模型为机理内核，抛开了当前领域研究中简化模型、过优假设条件的方法，进行完整的活性污泥除碳、通过“硝化—反硝化”除氮的机理建模研究。总结出城市污水厂的一般工艺过程，设计了通用的工艺图，并根据山西阳泉污水处理厂的实际工艺进行了适当调整，试验了重要的基本控制方案。
同时利用山西阳泉污水厂的数据作为初始依据，进行拟合研究，整合出一套将实测数据转化为模型组分浓度的模型，并适度调整模型内部的一些工艺参数，这样有助于打破活性污泥模型在应用到污水厂实践中的限制，使模型的灵活性得到了增强。用VS2005作为开发平台，采用面向对象思想对整个仿真过程进行设计，开发出具有人机交互性强、运行可靠、结果准确的仿真软件。
Due to a serious shortage of water resources, municipal sewagetreatment is increasingly becoming the focus of attention. But ourcountry has lagged far behind the international level on the research ofmunicipal sewage treatment at present, at the same time, the new sewagetreatment plant which using the traditional technology, lacking ofeffective wastewater treatment model to guide the improvement ofprocess.
And large number of sewage treatment works and water supply anddrainage engineering students stay in the stage of theoretical study,because there is no reliable simulation model and software tools tosupport off-line simulation study. To solve the above problem, this paperadopts the method of modular modeling for white box mechanismmodeling according to the actual process situation China of sewagetreatment plant. This method take the activated sludge ASM1proposedby the International Water Association (IWA) as the inner core anddespite the method of simplified model and the assumption of overoptimal in the current field and study the whole mechanism modeling of remove carbon from activated sludge and nitrification-denitrification. Inthis paper the general process of city sewage treatment plant has beensummed and general process map has been designed. Taking theYangquan sewage treatment plant actual process for the appropriateadjustments and testing the important basic control scheme on it. Whileuse the data of Shanxi Yangquan sewage plant as the initial basis forfitting research and a set of measured data transfer to the model ofcomponent concentration was integrated. And adjust some processparameters of internal model properly; this is helpful to break theconstraints of application in activated sludge model to sewage factorypractice, so that the model flexibility has been enhanced. Using VS2005as a development platform designed the whole process of the simulationwith object-oriented thought and developed the simulation software withstrong human-computer interaction, reliable operation and accurateresults.
同时利用山西阳泉污水厂的数据作为初始依据，进行拟合研究，整合出一套将实测数据转化为模型组分浓度的模型，并适度调整模型内部的一些工艺参数，这样有助于打破活性污泥模型在应用到污水厂实践中的限制，使模型的灵活性得到了增强。用VS2005作为开发平台，采用面向对象思想对整个仿真过程进行设计，开发出具有人机交互性强、运行可靠、结果准确的仿真软件。
Due to a serious shortage of water resources, municipal sewagetreatment is increasingly becoming the focus of attention. But ourcountry has lagged far behind the international level on the research ofmunicipal sewage treatment at present, at the same time, the new sewagetreatment plant which using the traditional technology, lacking ofeffective wastewater treatment model to guide the improvement ofprocess.
And large number of sewage treatment works and water supply anddrainage engineering students stay in the stage of theoretical study,because there is no reliable simulation model and software tools tosupport off-line simulation study. To solve the above problem, this paperadopts the method of modular modeling for white box mechanismmodeling according to the actual process situation China of sewagetreatment plant. This method take the activated sludge ASM1proposedby the International Water Association (IWA) as the inner core anddespite the method of simplified model and the assumption of overoptimal in the current field and study the whole mechanism modeling of remove carbon from activated sludge and nitrification-denitrification. Inthis paper the general process of city sewage treatment plant has beensummed and general process map has been designed. Taking theYangquan sewage treatment plant actual process for the appropriateadjustments and testing the important basic control scheme on it. Whileuse the data of Shanxi Yangquan sewage plant as the initial basis forfitting research and a set of measured data transfer to the model ofcomponent concentration was integrated. And adjust some processparameters of internal model properly; this is helpful to break theconstraints of application in activated sludge model to sewage factorypractice, so that the model flexibility has been enhanced. Using VS2005as a development platform designed the whole process of the simulationwith object-oriented thought and developed the simulation software withstrong human-computer interaction, reliable operation and accurateresults.
引文
[1]方世昌.活性污泥系统数学模型在吴忠市污水处理厂的应用研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005
[2]赵振.活性污泥数学模型在天山污水处理厂工艺优化改造中的模拟研究[D].上海:东华大学,2004
[3]于广平,苑明哲,王宏.活性污泥法污水处理数学模型的发展和应用[J].信息与控制,2006,35(5):614-618
[4]唐敏康,赵根成.活性污泥模型及其工艺软件的研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2004,18(04):1-4
[5]张绍怡,崔玉川,刘振江.城市污水厂处理设施设计计算[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[6]秦亚桐.基于ASM2的活性污泥法数学建模及模型参数校正[D].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[7]林海龙,陈兆波,陈志强.污水处理系统数学模型[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2009
[8]胡晓东.利用活性污泥数学模型对废水生物处理工艺的模拟研究[D].上海:东华大学,2007
[9]王鹏.城市污水活性污泥处理系统模拟-ASM2D[J].重庆:重庆大学,2007
[10] Alalewi A, J Cuiling. Simulation for Wastewater Treatment Plant WWTP[A].In Bioinformaticsand Biomedical Engineering[C].Chengdu:IEEE,2010,1-4
[11] Rangla, M.K. Simulation of activated sludge process control strategies[A].In Simulation '98.International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No.457)[C].York:IEEE,1998,152-157
[12]范石美.活性污泥法污水处理计算机仿真软件的开发及应用[D].浙江:浙江工业大学,2004
[13] Gao Pin. Modeling Dissolved Oxygen Effects on Biological Nutrient Removal in a SequencingBatch Reactor with Activated Sludge Model2d[A].In Bioinformatics and BiomedicalEngineering[C].Beijing:IEEE,2009:1-4
[14]张建丰.活性污泥法工艺控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2011
[15]陈梅,马丹.全仿真污水处理实训平台的建设[J].自动化仪表,2010,31(8):58-60
[16]卢培利.传统活性污泥过程及其生物脱氮除磷改造的动力学模拟研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2002
[17] Jiang, X et al. Bacterial Diversity of Active Sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plant[J].EarthScience Frontiers,2008,15(6):163-168
[18]许保玖.当代给水与废水处理原理讲义[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1983
[19] Ni B, H Yu. Mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge-A review[J].BiotechnologyAdvances,2010,28(6):895-909
[20]任婷玉.废水生物处理中的活性污泥模型及其数值模拟[D].吉林:吉林大学,2007
[21] Derin Orhon, E.A.G.E Characterization and Modeling of Activated Sludge for TanneryWastewater[J].Water Environ Res,1999,71(1):50-63
[22]许兰娟.基于深层知识模型的间歇过程计算机辅HAZOP方法研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2008
[23] J SHIOZAKI. An Improved Algorithm For Diagnosis Of System Failures In The ChemicalProc ess[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,1985(9):285-293
[24]曹海彬.活性污泥模型COD组分测试与表征[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006
[25]孙培德等，全耦合活性污泥模型（FCASM3）Ⅰ：建模机理及数学表征[J]。环境科学学报.2008,12(28):2404-2419
[26] J. J. W. Hulsbeek, J.K.P.J. A practical protocol for dynamic modeling of activated sludgesystems[J].Water Science And Technology,2002,45(6):127-136
[27] Nuhoglu A,B Keskinler, E Yildiz. Mathematical modeling of the activated sludge process--theErzincan case[J].Process Bioc hemistry,2005,40(7):2467-2473
[28] Franks, R.G.E. Modeling and simulation in chemical engineering[M].Canada: John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1976
[29] Copp J.B, K.L Murphy. Estimation of the active nitrifying biomass in activated sludge[J].WaterResearch,1995,29(8):1855-1862
[30]袁德成,于海斌.活性污泥脱氮过程的建模与控制[J].控制理论与应用,2004,21(3):483-488
[31]李振亮,张代钧,卢培利等.二沉池一维动态模型的研究进展[J].水资源保护,2005,21(6):27-31
[32] David R et al. Modeling and numerical simulation of secondary settlers: A Method of Linesstrategy[J].Water Research,2009,43(2):319-330
[33]顾国维,俞国平,蒋卫刚.二沉池动态仿真模型研究[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(3):21-24
[34] David R, J.L Vasel, A Vande Wouwer. Settler dynamic modeling and MATLAB simulation ofthe activated sludge process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,146(2):174-183
[35] Grijspeerdt K, P Vanrolleghem, W Verstraete. Selection of one-dimensional sedimentation:Models for on-line use[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,31(2):193-204
[36]韦安磊.污水处理厂二次沉淀池模型研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2006
[37]李晓霞.VC实现常微分方程初值问题求解[J].湘潭师范学院学报,2003,25(2):48-51
[38]王艳丽,赵平福.一类高振荡常微分方程数值解法的误差分析[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2007,24(2):154-160
[39] Peter A Vanrolleghem. Estimating(combinations of)activated sludge model no.1parameters andcomponents by respirometry[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,1(l39):195-214
[40] Liu Y, B.Y. Moy, J. Tay. COD removal and nitrification of low-strength domestic wastewater inaerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2007,42(1):23-28
[41]吴志超等.活性污泥系统中异养微生物浓度的测定[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(10):910-914
[42]肖晓存,韦连喜.平顶山市综合污水BOD与COD的相关性探讨[J].工业安全与环保,2007,33(3):23-24
[43]杨光唐,祯敏.基于UML的磁浮交通仿真平台研究[J].计算计仿真,2008,25(3):255-258
[44]胡华,高济,何志均.基于软件体系结构的软件设计及构造[J].计算机科学,1999,26(8):74-80
[45]周振.活性污泥系统的计算机模拟[D].上海:同济大学,2006
[46]李艳.基于UML的研究生培养系统建模的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2011,39(2):113-115
[47]鲍建军.基于UML的艺术院校招生管理系统建模的研究与设计[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2010
[48]王方.基于UML模型的关系数据库设计[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010,28:98-98
[49]商敏儿.活性污泥法污水处理过程仿真软件设计及在控制中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2002
[50]吕文洲,吴成强,杨金翠等.运行温度对活性污泥特性的影响[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(9):5-7
[51] Gernaey K.V et al. Activated sludge wastewater treatment plant modeling and simulation: stateof the art[J].Environmental Modeling&,2004,19(9):763-783
[52]张自杰,彭永臻.活性污泥法处理系统中温度对动力学常数的影响[J].环境科学学报,1990,10(2):226-232
[53]任拥政等.兼性生化处理生活污水最佳工况研究[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(10):87-89
[54]李志颖.城市污水活性污泥系统模拟[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003
[55] Lee T.T, F.Y Wang, R.B Newell. Dynamic modeling and simulation of activated sludge processusing orthogonal collocation approach[J].Water Research,1999,33(1):73-86
[56]乔俊飞,张颖.活性污泥法污水处理过程动态仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2008,20(8):2156-2160
[57] Rivas, A, I. Irizar, E. Aye sa. Model-based optimization of Wastewater Treatment Plantsdesign[J]. Environmental Modeling&,2008,23(4):435-450
[58] Holenda B et al. Dissolved oxygen control of the activated sludge wastewater treatment processusing model predictive control[J].Computers& Chemical Engineering,2008,32(6):1270-1278
[2]赵振.活性污泥数学模型在天山污水处理厂工艺优化改造中的模拟研究[D].上海:东华大学,2004
[3]于广平,苑明哲,王宏.活性污泥法污水处理数学模型的发展和应用[J].信息与控制,2006,35(5):614-618
[4]唐敏康,赵根成.活性污泥模型及其工艺软件的研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2004,18(04):1-4
[5]张绍怡,崔玉川,刘振江.城市污水厂处理设施设计计算[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[6]秦亚桐.基于ASM2的活性污泥法数学建模及模型参数校正[D].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[7]林海龙,陈兆波,陈志强.污水处理系统数学模型[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2009
[8]胡晓东.利用活性污泥数学模型对废水生物处理工艺的模拟研究[D].上海:东华大学,2007
[9]王鹏.城市污水活性污泥处理系统模拟-ASM2D[J].重庆:重庆大学,2007
[10] Alalewi A, J Cuiling. Simulation for Wastewater Treatment Plant WWTP[A].In Bioinformaticsand Biomedical Engineering[C].Chengdu:IEEE,2010,1-4
[11] Rangla, M.K. Simulation of activated sludge process control strategies[A].In Simulation '98.International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No.457)[C].York:IEEE,1998,152-157
[12]范石美.活性污泥法污水处理计算机仿真软件的开发及应用[D].浙江:浙江工业大学,2004
[13] Gao Pin. Modeling Dissolved Oxygen Effects on Biological Nutrient Removal in a SequencingBatch Reactor with Activated Sludge Model2d[A].In Bioinformatics and BiomedicalEngineering[C].Beijing:IEEE,2009:1-4
[14]张建丰.活性污泥法工艺控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2011
[15]陈梅,马丹.全仿真污水处理实训平台的建设[J].自动化仪表,2010,31(8):58-60
[16]卢培利.传统活性污泥过程及其生物脱氮除磷改造的动力学模拟研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2002
[17] Jiang, X et al. Bacterial Diversity of Active Sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plant[J].EarthScience Frontiers,2008,15(6):163-168
[18]许保玖.当代给水与废水处理原理讲义[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1983
[19] Ni B, H Yu. Mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge-A review[J].BiotechnologyAdvances,2010,28(6):895-909
[20]任婷玉.废水生物处理中的活性污泥模型及其数值模拟[D].吉林:吉林大学,2007
[21] Derin Orhon, E.A.G.E Characterization and Modeling of Activated Sludge for TanneryWastewater[J].Water Environ Res,1999,71(1):50-63
[22]许兰娟.基于深层知识模型的间歇过程计算机辅HAZOP方法研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2008
[23] J SHIOZAKI. An Improved Algorithm For Diagnosis Of System Failures In The ChemicalProc ess[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,1985(9):285-293
[24]曹海彬.活性污泥模型COD组分测试与表征[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006
[25]孙培德等，全耦合活性污泥模型（FCASM3）Ⅰ：建模机理及数学表征[J]。环境科学学报.2008,12(28):2404-2419
[26] J. J. W. Hulsbeek, J.K.P.J. A practical protocol for dynamic modeling of activated sludgesystems[J].Water Science And Technology,2002,45(6):127-136
[27] Nuhoglu A,B Keskinler, E Yildiz. Mathematical modeling of the activated sludge process--theErzincan case[J].Process Bioc hemistry,2005,40(7):2467-2473
[28] Franks, R.G.E. Modeling and simulation in chemical engineering[M].Canada: John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1976
[29] Copp J.B, K.L Murphy. Estimation of the active nitrifying biomass in activated sludge[J].WaterResearch,1995,29(8):1855-1862
[30]袁德成,于海斌.活性污泥脱氮过程的建模与控制[J].控制理论与应用,2004,21(3):483-488
[31]李振亮,张代钧,卢培利等.二沉池一维动态模型的研究进展[J].水资源保护,2005,21(6):27-31
[32] David R et al. Modeling and numerical simulation of secondary settlers: A Method of Linesstrategy[J].Water Research,2009,43(2):319-330
[33]顾国维,俞国平,蒋卫刚.二沉池动态仿真模型研究[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(3):21-24
[34] David R, J.L Vasel, A Vande Wouwer. Settler dynamic modeling and MATLAB simulation ofthe activated sludge process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,146(2):174-183
[35] Grijspeerdt K, P Vanrolleghem, W Verstraete. Selection of one-dimensional sedimentation:Models for on-line use[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,31(2):193-204
[36]韦安磊.污水处理厂二次沉淀池模型研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2006
[37]李晓霞.VC实现常微分方程初值问题求解[J].湘潭师范学院学报,2003,25(2):48-51
[38]王艳丽,赵平福.一类高振荡常微分方程数值解法的误差分析[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2007,24(2):154-160
[39] Peter A Vanrolleghem. Estimating(combinations of)activated sludge model no.1parameters andcomponents by respirometry[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,1(l39):195-214
[40] Liu Y, B.Y. Moy, J. Tay. COD removal and nitrification of low-strength domestic wastewater inaerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2007,42(1):23-28
[41]吴志超等.活性污泥系统中异养微生物浓度的测定[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(10):910-914
[42]肖晓存,韦连喜.平顶山市综合污水BOD与COD的相关性探讨[J].工业安全与环保,2007,33(3):23-24
[43]杨光唐,祯敏.基于UML的磁浮交通仿真平台研究[J].计算计仿真,2008,25(3):255-258
[44]胡华,高济,何志均.基于软件体系结构的软件设计及构造[J].计算机科学,1999,26(8):74-80
[45]周振.活性污泥系统的计算机模拟[D].上海:同济大学,2006
[46]李艳.基于UML的研究生培养系统建模的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2011,39(2):113-115
[47]鲍建军.基于UML的艺术院校招生管理系统建模的研究与设计[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2010
[48]王方.基于UML模型的关系数据库设计[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010,28:98-98
[49]商敏儿.活性污泥法污水处理过程仿真软件设计及在控制中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2002
[50]吕文洲,吴成强,杨金翠等.运行温度对活性污泥特性的影响[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(9):5-7
[51] Gernaey K.V et al. Activated sludge wastewater treatment plant modeling and simulation: stateof the art[J].Environmental Modeling&,2004,19(9):763-783
[52]张自杰,彭永臻.活性污泥法处理系统中温度对动力学常数的影响[J].环境科学学报,1990,10(2):226-232
[53]任拥政等.兼性生化处理生活污水最佳工况研究[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(10):87-89
[54]李志颖.城市污水活性污泥系统模拟[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003
[55] Lee T.T, F.Y Wang, R.B Newell. Dynamic modeling and simulation of activated sludge processusing orthogonal collocation approach[J].Water Research,1999,33(1):73-86
[56]乔俊飞,张颖.活性污泥法污水处理过程动态仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2008,20(8):2156-2160
[57] Rivas, A, I. Irizar, E. Aye sa. Model-based optimization of Wastewater Treatment Plantsdesign[J]. Environmental Modeling&,2008,23(4):435-450
[58] Holenda B et al. Dissolved oxygen control of the activated sludge wastewater treatment processusing model predictive control[J].Computers& Chemical Engineering,2008,32(6):1270-1278
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