工业区的影响和可持续性
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摘要
1988年,巴勒斯坦全国委员会在阿尔及尔(阿尔及利亚首都)召开会议,宣布承认联合国181号决议。同年,约旦国王侯赛因放弃对被以色列占领的约旦河西岸的领土要求,转而支持巴勒斯坦解放组织。巴解组织和以色列在1993年签署和平协议,协议要点之一为:巴勒斯坦在西岸和加沙地带实行自治。巴勒斯坦政府开始修建他们自己的公共机构。不幸的是,其中的一些项目面临许多障碍和麻烦,另一些项目则停滞在摇篮中,自被占领以来,在以方的敌视,种族等政策下,生活愈发恶化,巴勒斯坦人民承受了太多苦难。西岸是两个巴控区中最大的一个,但它经历了全面的经济衰退,经济不景气,失业等一系列危机在很大程度上起因于以色列的封锁政策,以方控制了边界税收从而分裂了劳资双边的关系。事实上,经济状况完全依赖于工业部门—文明的镜子。工业部门需要特殊的基础结构加强牢固的基础和稳定的环境来提升所有其他的部门。因此,工业区有特殊的重要性,它能成为影响城市规划的因素并反映社会的文化立场。当然,通过规划,工业区和住宅区的相互影响将有利于城市和地区的发展,工业部门会吸收部分剩余劳动力,降低因政治动荡而增长的失业率。因此,工业区会提高生活水平,并且给其他部门带来正面的影响。这项研究将调查并确定工业区的目标和潜力,以及必需的环境标准以便从各种污染里保护人口,人力资源,财富。这项研究也指出了几个阻止工业区建立的障碍。此外,该研究将调查由位于人口稠密处的工业引起的环境破坏。这些环境的影响包括工业排流,废料例如粉尘,噪音等污染,给人们的健康带来严重的危害如何改,进规划从而改善围绕的环境,如何减轻污染,均在我的关于地区实体规划和除城市位置以外的景观美化的考虑中,除了适应工业的发展外,要面对的挑战,需克服的困难有土地的滥用,失业的人口。
此论文包含了一些研究成果和结论,在减少或克服工业对人类健康和自然资源方面的影响可以看作是指导,给工业发展的需求和自然资源的保护之间带回了平衡。
本论文的主旨揭示了巴勒斯坦工业部门工业区的大概环境和面临的情况,除此之外,还阐明它的需要,如像发展中国家用以提高工业区的主要措施和其他方法,然后对比了重庆这个中国的发展中城市。实际上,在美元和人民币汇率为1US$=8。03~7.33RMB,即2005~2007期间,出现在本论文里的价格是真实的,代表了相同的人民币价值。
在此论文里,我留下了所有的价格以作清楚的比较。
同时,当运用建立工业区的标准时,我使用了”zone”(区)这个字来代替”park”(园)。
几十年来,由于以色列占领巴勒斯坦土地,目前的政治动乱破坏了巴勒斯坦的城市基础设施。巴勒斯坦人民一直生活在非常恶劣的政治,社会和经济条件下。
为此,本研究的目的是比较研究巴勒斯坦及其他邻国的阿拉伯国家,它的斯塔比尔政治条件和比较发展。其结果是重庆市与北京市,考虑的一个最有名的城市在不同的工业部门,它的经济增长也非常迅速。
与此同时,我已经考虑将一些发达国家作为研究案例。所以我希望这项研究结果将有助于发出一个明确的形象的工业区向巴勒斯坦计划部,研究人员和其他机构有相同的兴趣,这将支持他们的反馈和现实,以建立现代工业区的分类标准下使用,以加强环境和经济的总体规划。
在这项研究中我用许多不同的提法,以支持这项研究,及其他最新资料,从不同的网站有一个解释,设计和细节用于建立现代工业区。
那么如何磁化的投资者,以改善和增长该国的经济状况。
最后本研究的目的是要根据现在的巴勒斯坦局势,以及我们所面临的条件,以建立工业区,然后如何升级的战略规划,以及加强和挑战的问题。特别是土地滥用,如何避免的影响工业部门,然后周围的环境,比如不同类型的污染,如何减轻,还有要解决失业的问题,如何适应当前的工业发展。
任何社会,工业区和产业化通常认为是影响城市化的镜子。因此,要实现的目标,我们应当努力保护整个自然资源保持它的下一代,我在考虑采取这种方式的一般影响的工业区,当然,应该通过合理,全面的国家和区域规划,相对与其他发达国家。其实,主要方法是收集最需要的数据,以完成本研究从不同的资源,这是由以下的资源。
本研究包含六个章节精英所示娄适应研究的目的。每一章包括初始信息的需要超越的目标,并避免不一致,完成研究。
被认为是巴勒斯坦的唯一大桥连接亚洲,非洲和欧洲。这是南大门的东方国家,巴勒斯坦位于亚洲西南部的南部地中海。巴勒斯坦介于热带位置的经度子午线34.15°和35.40°地区,圆圈之间的纬度29.30°和33.15°以北。
巴勒斯坦领土面积约26500km2这意味着只有不到三分之一的重庆地区,它的长度的边界的陆地和海洋是949 km,但由于以色列的军事占领,巴勒斯坦人的土地,实际总面积的巴勒斯坦领土6,020 Km2分为两个地理图如下:
1-西岸5,655 Km2,130 km长,平均宽度40 - 65 km(其中代表的研究领域)。
2-加沙地带365 Km2,45 km长,平均宽度5 -12 km。
在一些巴勒斯坦居民的世界各地的8.788.186居民,包括难民工业化水平在巴勒斯坦大大提高,由于巴勒斯坦民族权力机构的投资奖励政策,与私营部门的倡议。该部门为主的轻型和中型生产设施。共同的产业在国内生产总值增长8 %至17 % ,并预计国内生产总值增长在IE浏览器/熔将增长3%,当IE浏览器/FZ计划全面运作作为一个主要组成部分的经济,有很大的潜力,发展农业部门。通过使用这种技术种植的作物范围从传统的高度雨浇农业,现代滴灌。有地方和区域需求的产品,农业部门通常使用的工业部门。
巴勒斯坦海关管理局管理的货物运输在陆路口岸与埃及和约旦。经常和有竞争力的直接出口是一个巴勒斯坦人的愿望的企业,并正在迅速演变,在这第一章讨论了科学和基本主题的需要,国家规划,系统化和使用的条件,以控制的方式建立和使用的手段,在区域规划利用规划理论。在这项研究将涵盖和解释规则的使用,以满足经济增长的国家,用不同的手段将阐明在本章中,和其他人实现梦想的决策者他们概述了该国的发展。
不同的答案提及同样的问题,通常是政府照顾的责任,履行全面的规划为整个国家来实现的目标,通过政策的国家,然后引导和推动社会为实现发展和进步与繁荣,因此,一些国家的政策,推动中央规划提前在有限的时间,如3年或更长的时间才能实现这一目标的规划和发展,因此,特殊的政策制定由专业人士。
众所周知和上述国家,作为代表公共和私营部门。这意味着,许多部门将共同分享的过程规划等项目,以实现国家的全面规划,将显示下一张幻灯片的整合城市和数据集的网站,大多数科学家认为,全面规划,科学指导进程表示赞成的人或土地的政治当局的一种选择了其他选项。因此,区域规划作为一种手段,控制和影响的属性和分布的集聚和建设环境,并影响经济,社会和自然发展。
区域规划是比较新的机构的知识,最后最重要的国家发展问题的一个整套的方式,世界地图。
船长和全面的飞机应该甚至描述了工业区的规划编制,在这种情况下应作出提请作出解释的想法容易的,并作为参考文件,它的实施逐步覆盖面和实现,目的是建立,并应遵守以下几点。
工业区可视为东道国各种业务。大型,中型和小型企业从这一设施的一个有效的启动。工业区作为一个“组织保护伞”可以发挥的用,孵化器的位置应该有不同的成分,因为其目的是这些地区改善和发展的国家。如此众多的审议,并应采取保持雷区推动投资者与思考投资。然后其他重要的考虑应采取以保护环境和整个社会中,如饲养的特殊种类的树木来操纵或减少的影响,所造成的污染的工业进程,那么景观一般,因此规划考虑作为一个理性和智慧的行动使周围地区的不同污染。
区位理论解决了什么方程的经济活动所在地,在那里,为么?
从理论上讲,人就可以开始生产货物或服务的任何地方,他希望,但是当涉及到大规模生产的高品质,深刻的研究,必须进行,以便使最合适的选择位置,选择位置可以根据两个主要的动机是。
通常的类型,规划起着非常重要的作用,选择该地点的任何活动,它的需求,从区域规划,通过城市规划,然后选择当地规划的位置。以下指标可以指定等级的位置适当的工业园区,的主要内容和项目应提及通过规划。
很明显,结构和区域规划必须处理许多制约和限制的网站时选择。
近年来,有利于进步的建筑物更环保。基本上,可持续建设为中心的住宅和办公楼。可以说,没有足够的可持续方面在建筑领域的工业楼宇。在可持续的环境条件的工业楼宇,确定一个系统的具体指标,以评估对这些行为的建设条件,创造了评估模型为基础的测量建筑物。技术进步发生在较短的时间内自工业革命以来,至今一直伴随着一系列可观的变化,地球。
设计中的工业建筑也可以从美学和功能都考虑,因为1960年的旧工业楼宇已成为深受游客意外,工业考古学现在是一个可敬的学科。人们开始发现审美素质的工业楼宇,并不总是显而易见的设计师。工业的潜力,建立崇高的风光已不再是剥削。太多的20世纪的新产业,如汽车和飞机制造,或产生电力,被允许掠夺自然景观,和公众已经成为可疑。自20世纪30年代的各种各样的人抗议损失自然美景行业,道路,针叶树,输电线路,工厂和屋。他们希望为保护已说服设计师设法减少之间的控制新的工业和景观。
工业建筑部门的一部分,非住宅建筑分部门。它包括发展工业建筑施工活动,包括新的设计,放大,修改,维护和改革。设施的建设对发展中国家的生产活动,其生产过程中不需要建立自己的执行,如焚烧厂,水泥厂,鼓风炉和其他类似的结构,也包括在这一部门。作为一项定义的工厂或工业建筑中,工厂作为替代的工业楼宇,包括通用方面的工业生产。传统上,工业建设被视为一个孤立的容器内,某些生产活动发生。可持续的工业建设方面认为今天主要是指在生产过程内完成。注意力都集中在等方面的污染(污染)所造成的生产过程或活动。整个建筑生命周期(空气,噪音,水质等)和过程废物回收奉献立场或很少的资源,研究建筑物本身。更可持续的眼光认为,同样的作为永久建筑元素与可持续性的必要条件。建筑设计通过一个系统的方法需要研究制定一个综合的工业装置,它被定义为主要制度,优化整合的所有子系统,因此必须加以探讨,以期取得的最合适的解决办法。工业过程中,必要的辅助服务的正确执行情况的过程中,建筑物或结构框架,生产控制系统和布局或活动分布。该架构意味着空间布置以这样一种方式,一个分开的外部安排的工业区,这是特有的城市,和内部布置建筑物或地方规定的布局可以成立。一个包络环面系统,由一个结构框架,形成了建设。该包络环面系统,加上结构框架,形成了建设。工业建筑类型应适应生产过程和必要的辅助服务。每个进程具有特殊的功能和存在至无限远的进程。换言之,集团的工业应该建立在这样一种方式执行类似的特点,对材料,建筑施工,横跨列之间,更惯常照明和通风设备类型或贮存区的特殊性。在特色产业建设,以下的可以提及。
有不同的可能性,形状和类型的工业因为建设的最终解决取决于布局和分配不同的活动要进行,以及对各种进程,可以在其内部空间。
在工业建设,负荷与生产过程或流动的材料通常十分更多有关(高负载)高于住宅结构。因此,结构体系将受到负载承担。
今天的行业的特点是快速的技术变化,这意味着工业建设应允许灵活性,要么将来适应新分布或扩大需求的工业厂房。灵活的设施,因此,也是一个重要的功能,必须考虑到在设计这些类型。
辅助工业,以及考虑人民无障碍,必须采取相应的尺寸和物理特性原材料和制成品,以履行原材料运动。
能源消费,工业,取决于现有的机制。在这种情况下,是一个伟大的各种可能性,以节省能源消耗。
从社会角度来看,工业厂房创造财富,创造就业,促进商业活动和开发周边地区。
在某些情况下,作为后果,商标形象的一些公司,工业建筑具有很高的审美价值,有助于增加对建筑遗产的周边地区。
我国是一个人口密度大的国家迅速工业化,并成为其中一个最大的消费自然资源在世界上。这种情况提供了一个鲜明的对比与其他国家。随着我国是如此重大的全球经济。我国正处于工业化时期的紧张,并确保这一发展得以持续是一个重大的挑战非常重要的全球经济。我国取得了非常迅速的。在二十年前, 20世纪80年代,经济体制成功改革和对外开放,是实现。这些社会和经济变革铺平了道路,最近的发展阶段已经迅速。特别是有启发性,比较我国工业化的进展,与其他国家。在领先的发达国家,如在欧洲,工业化进程已跨越了为期约200年,但相等于已取得很大进展,几十年在中国。
重庆市最大的城市,西南中,是国家的战时首都在1940年。在过去50年来,重庆已经恶化由于其较低的优先分配由中央和省级政府在其发展计划。最近,在1997年,重庆市被指定为第四个直辖市的区政府(心磁)。这样,中央政府希望,重庆将成为一个经济中心的需要服务的西南中和发动机驱动的增长,我国广大西部地区。振兴重庆取决于经济发展的我国西部地区,而繁荣的中国西部地区严重依赖的正常运作后,重庆作为一个经济增长中心。
这座城市有一个坚实的工业基础。这三个支柱行业包括机械,化工和冶金工业。和食品加工,建筑材料,房地产,电子业和旅游业发展迅速。重庆在我国重要的综合工业城市。重型工业是一个大尺度,特别是钢铁,机械和汽车。赋予了一个方便的通信中的水,空气和陆地运输,已成为重庆经济,商业,金融中心和交通枢纽上游长江这是一些工业区,位于重庆
重庆市板桥工业区的一个特点是城市工业区授权的人民政府在2002年的重庆,它位于西入口处的重庆荣昌县6 km2布局地区
西彭工业园于2003年7月批准的重庆市工业园区是工业园区的城市功能10 1。公园规划面积65 km2工业园乔健价值观人道原则。它拥有现代化的设施,以及一个美丽的自然观,因此,它是个好地方的营商环境,生活和旅游,设在这里是一个工业园区批准由重庆市人民政府。启用2003年6月18号,涉及10 km2具有强烈的吸引和辐射能力,这是重要的商业物资集散地,重庆西部和东南部,四川编程比例机场科技工业园是1km2
在设计,服务和功能的科技园是第一个反映了它的基本目的。许多国家不承认的基本多样性的科技园,并倾向于认为,这些项目的专门工业园区。但是,目的和形式的技术园区差别很大。共同目标的技术园区包括。
而所有这些目标是相互排斥的,成功的项目一般是那些有一个明确的和有限的重点和一套目标。研究与发展在某些情况下,公园的设想,长期文书变换从通常的经济基础比较传统的部门,以更高的技术。就业增长在这些情况必须加以衡量在一个较长的时间内随着新技术的开发或不同类型的企业诱导找到在该地区。以技术为导向的公园已被广泛应用于世界各地的车辆,促进经济发展。在一些“研究,技术,或科学”公园当然取决于如何界定这些公园。但是,大多数的估计,超过60个国家(工业化国家和新兴)已建立250多个科技园,其中许多迎合专门的软件和信息技术服务产业。
所以我们可以总结说,以下各点有一个基本的努力取得的最终结果两国。最后,我们可以说,重庆市已全部内容建立现代工业区,这是原因,使中国的经济迅速增长短的时间内,这意味着产业起着决定性的作用日益增加,并取得良好进展的经济。鉴于巴勒斯坦遭受了太多的问题,由于以色列的占领和统治的土地,如前面提到的工业政策中宣布,政府,重点是放在需要创造更多的就业机会的工业部门。
In 1988 the Palestinian national council (PNC) had meeting in Algiers to declare the State of Palestine as outlined in the UN Partition Plan 181. In 1988, King Hussein the king of the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan relinquished claim to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, in favor of the PLO. When PLO signed the peace agreement in 1993 with Israel and had the sovereignty in both of the west bank and Gaza strip, Palestinian government started to build its own institutions, unfortunately some of these projects faced a lot of obstacles and complications and some other projects stayed in its cradle. This made the Palestinian people suffered too much, the life worsened aftermath the occupation and its animists and ethnic policies. West Bank considers the largest one of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority (PA). But it has experienced general decline in economic conditions. The downturn, unemployment and the crisis's has been largely the result of Israeli closure policies the imposition of border closures which disrupted labor and trading relationships, in fact the economic situation depends totally on the industrial sector which consider the mirror of civilization, the industrial sector need to special infrastructures reinforce with solid foundations and steady environment to upgrade and improve the whole of other sectors, So the industrial zones have special consequence and characterize which can be use to influence the information of the urban fabric and to reflect civilization standpoint for any society. Of course the interaction between the work place of residence can be utilized to influence the urban and regional development according to plan, the industrial sector will absorbing surplus work force and reducing rampant unemployment given the political turmoil in Palestine. So the Industrial zones will enhance the level of the life and will be positive impact on the other sectors, this study will examine and to confirm the goals and potentials of the industrial zones as well as the environmental criteria necessary for the protection of population, human resources and the property from all frame of pollution. The study also will identify several obstacles as an (internal and external) preventing the establishment of the industrial zone. Furthermore, the study will investigate the environmental damage caused by industries located with in the limits of the population centers. These environmental effects include industrial effluents and waste such as dust, noise pollution which cause harmful, health problems on people, and how to up grade the strategy of planning to enhance the whole environment surrounded such as pollutions, and how to alleviate it taking in my considerations the regional physical planning and the landscaping in addition to urban location , and the challenges that faced e abuse of the lands to improve the industrial sector, and then to overcome the challenges that faced to solve the problem of unemployed people in addition to the adaptation of development in industry.
The study conclude with several findings and conclusion which can be considered guidelines to reduce or overcome industries impact on human health and natural resources and bring back balance between the need for industrial development and protection of natural resources.
So the aim of this study is to shedding the light on the general situation of the industrial zones the industrial sectors in Palestine and the conditions that face in addition to its needs such as the main elements used in development country to improve the industrial zone and other elements, Then to compare with Chongqing, as developed city in China. In fact the same price that appear in this study it was true and was represent the same value of RMB, When the rate of change for each 1 USD$=8.03-7.33 RMB during the period between 2005-2007
I left the whole prices as the same to make clear comparison between the whole elements of this study.
At the same time I used the word of zone which should represent park when applies the standards of establishing the industrial zone.
此论文包含了一些研究成果和结论,在减少或克服工业对人类健康和自然资源方面的影响可以看作是指导,给工业发展的需求和自然资源的保护之间带回了平衡。
本论文的主旨揭示了巴勒斯坦工业部门工业区的大概环境和面临的情况,除此之外,还阐明它的需要,如像发展中国家用以提高工业区的主要措施和其他方法,然后对比了重庆这个中国的发展中城市。实际上,在美元和人民币汇率为1US$=8。03~7.33RMB,即2005~2007期间,出现在本论文里的价格是真实的,代表了相同的人民币价值。
在此论文里,我留下了所有的价格以作清楚的比较。
同时,当运用建立工业区的标准时,我使用了”zone”(区)这个字来代替”park”(园)。
几十年来,由于以色列占领巴勒斯坦土地,目前的政治动乱破坏了巴勒斯坦的城市基础设施。巴勒斯坦人民一直生活在非常恶劣的政治,社会和经济条件下。
为此,本研究的目的是比较研究巴勒斯坦及其他邻国的阿拉伯国家,它的斯塔比尔政治条件和比较发展。其结果是重庆市与北京市,考虑的一个最有名的城市在不同的工业部门,它的经济增长也非常迅速。
与此同时,我已经考虑将一些发达国家作为研究案例。所以我希望这项研究结果将有助于发出一个明确的形象的工业区向巴勒斯坦计划部,研究人员和其他机构有相同的兴趣,这将支持他们的反馈和现实,以建立现代工业区的分类标准下使用,以加强环境和经济的总体规划。
在这项研究中我用许多不同的提法,以支持这项研究,及其他最新资料,从不同的网站有一个解释,设计和细节用于建立现代工业区。
那么如何磁化的投资者,以改善和增长该国的经济状况。
最后本研究的目的是要根据现在的巴勒斯坦局势,以及我们所面临的条件,以建立工业区,然后如何升级的战略规划,以及加强和挑战的问题。特别是土地滥用,如何避免的影响工业部门,然后周围的环境,比如不同类型的污染,如何减轻,还有要解决失业的问题,如何适应当前的工业发展。
任何社会,工业区和产业化通常认为是影响城市化的镜子。因此,要实现的目标,我们应当努力保护整个自然资源保持它的下一代,我在考虑采取这种方式的一般影响的工业区,当然,应该通过合理,全面的国家和区域规划,相对与其他发达国家。其实,主要方法是收集最需要的数据,以完成本研究从不同的资源,这是由以下的资源。
本研究包含六个章节精英所示娄适应研究的目的。每一章包括初始信息的需要超越的目标,并避免不一致,完成研究。
被认为是巴勒斯坦的唯一大桥连接亚洲,非洲和欧洲。这是南大门的东方国家,巴勒斯坦位于亚洲西南部的南部地中海。巴勒斯坦介于热带位置的经度子午线34.15°和35.40°地区,圆圈之间的纬度29.30°和33.15°以北。
巴勒斯坦领土面积约26500km2这意味着只有不到三分之一的重庆地区,它的长度的边界的陆地和海洋是949 km,但由于以色列的军事占领,巴勒斯坦人的土地,实际总面积的巴勒斯坦领土6,020 Km2分为两个地理图如下:
1-西岸5,655 Km2,130 km长,平均宽度40 - 65 km(其中代表的研究领域)。
2-加沙地带365 Km2,45 km长,平均宽度5 -12 km。
在一些巴勒斯坦居民的世界各地的8.788.186居民,包括难民工业化水平在巴勒斯坦大大提高,由于巴勒斯坦民族权力机构的投资奖励政策,与私营部门的倡议。该部门为主的轻型和中型生产设施。共同的产业在国内生产总值增长8 %至17 % ,并预计国内生产总值增长在IE浏览器/熔将增长3%,当IE浏览器/FZ计划全面运作作为一个主要组成部分的经济,有很大的潜力,发展农业部门。通过使用这种技术种植的作物范围从传统的高度雨浇农业,现代滴灌。有地方和区域需求的产品,农业部门通常使用的工业部门。
巴勒斯坦海关管理局管理的货物运输在陆路口岸与埃及和约旦。经常和有竞争力的直接出口是一个巴勒斯坦人的愿望的企业,并正在迅速演变,在这第一章讨论了科学和基本主题的需要,国家规划,系统化和使用的条件,以控制的方式建立和使用的手段,在区域规划利用规划理论。在这项研究将涵盖和解释规则的使用,以满足经济增长的国家,用不同的手段将阐明在本章中,和其他人实现梦想的决策者他们概述了该国的发展。
不同的答案提及同样的问题,通常是政府照顾的责任,履行全面的规划为整个国家来实现的目标,通过政策的国家,然后引导和推动社会为实现发展和进步与繁荣,因此,一些国家的政策,推动中央规划提前在有限的时间,如3年或更长的时间才能实现这一目标的规划和发展,因此,特殊的政策制定由专业人士。
众所周知和上述国家,作为代表公共和私营部门。这意味着,许多部门将共同分享的过程规划等项目,以实现国家的全面规划,将显示下一张幻灯片的整合城市和数据集的网站,大多数科学家认为,全面规划,科学指导进程表示赞成的人或土地的政治当局的一种选择了其他选项。因此,区域规划作为一种手段,控制和影响的属性和分布的集聚和建设环境,并影响经济,社会和自然发展。
区域规划是比较新的机构的知识,最后最重要的国家发展问题的一个整套的方式,世界地图。
船长和全面的飞机应该甚至描述了工业区的规划编制,在这种情况下应作出提请作出解释的想法容易的,并作为参考文件,它的实施逐步覆盖面和实现,目的是建立,并应遵守以下几点。
工业区可视为东道国各种业务。大型,中型和小型企业从这一设施的一个有效的启动。工业区作为一个“组织保护伞”可以发挥的用,孵化器的位置应该有不同的成分,因为其目的是这些地区改善和发展的国家。如此众多的审议,并应采取保持雷区推动投资者与思考投资。然后其他重要的考虑应采取以保护环境和整个社会中,如饲养的特殊种类的树木来操纵或减少的影响,所造成的污染的工业进程,那么景观一般,因此规划考虑作为一个理性和智慧的行动使周围地区的不同污染。
区位理论解决了什么方程的经济活动所在地,在那里,为么?
从理论上讲,人就可以开始生产货物或服务的任何地方,他希望,但是当涉及到大规模生产的高品质,深刻的研究,必须进行,以便使最合适的选择位置,选择位置可以根据两个主要的动机是。
通常的类型,规划起着非常重要的作用,选择该地点的任何活动,它的需求,从区域规划,通过城市规划,然后选择当地规划的位置。以下指标可以指定等级的位置适当的工业园区,的主要内容和项目应提及通过规划。
很明显,结构和区域规划必须处理许多制约和限制的网站时选择。
近年来,有利于进步的建筑物更环保。基本上,可持续建设为中心的住宅和办公楼。可以说,没有足够的可持续方面在建筑领域的工业楼宇。在可持续的环境条件的工业楼宇,确定一个系统的具体指标,以评估对这些行为的建设条件,创造了评估模型为基础的测量建筑物。技术进步发生在较短的时间内自工业革命以来,至今一直伴随着一系列可观的变化,地球。
设计中的工业建筑也可以从美学和功能都考虑,因为1960年的旧工业楼宇已成为深受游客意外,工业考古学现在是一个可敬的学科。人们开始发现审美素质的工业楼宇,并不总是显而易见的设计师。工业的潜力,建立崇高的风光已不再是剥削。太多的20世纪的新产业,如汽车和飞机制造,或产生电力,被允许掠夺自然景观,和公众已经成为可疑。自20世纪30年代的各种各样的人抗议损失自然美景行业,道路,针叶树,输电线路,工厂和屋。他们希望为保护已说服设计师设法减少之间的控制新的工业和景观。
工业建筑部门的一部分,非住宅建筑分部门。它包括发展工业建筑施工活动,包括新的设计,放大,修改,维护和改革。设施的建设对发展中国家的生产活动,其生产过程中不需要建立自己的执行,如焚烧厂,水泥厂,鼓风炉和其他类似的结构,也包括在这一部门。作为一项定义的工厂或工业建筑中,工厂作为替代的工业楼宇,包括通用方面的工业生产。传统上,工业建设被视为一个孤立的容器内,某些生产活动发生。可持续的工业建设方面认为今天主要是指在生产过程内完成。注意力都集中在等方面的污染(污染)所造成的生产过程或活动。整个建筑生命周期(空气,噪音,水质等)和过程废物回收奉献立场或很少的资源,研究建筑物本身。更可持续的眼光认为,同样的作为永久建筑元素与可持续性的必要条件。建筑设计通过一个系统的方法需要研究制定一个综合的工业装置,它被定义为主要制度,优化整合的所有子系统,因此必须加以探讨,以期取得的最合适的解决办法。工业过程中,必要的辅助服务的正确执行情况的过程中,建筑物或结构框架,生产控制系统和布局或活动分布。该架构意味着空间布置以这样一种方式,一个分开的外部安排的工业区,这是特有的城市,和内部布置建筑物或地方规定的布局可以成立。一个包络环面系统,由一个结构框架,形成了建设。该包络环面系统,加上结构框架,形成了建设。工业建筑类型应适应生产过程和必要的辅助服务。每个进程具有特殊的功能和存在至无限远的进程。换言之,集团的工业应该建立在这样一种方式执行类似的特点,对材料,建筑施工,横跨列之间,更惯常照明和通风设备类型或贮存区的特殊性。在特色产业建设,以下的可以提及。
有不同的可能性,形状和类型的工业因为建设的最终解决取决于布局和分配不同的活动要进行,以及对各种进程,可以在其内部空间。
在工业建设,负荷与生产过程或流动的材料通常十分更多有关(高负载)高于住宅结构。因此,结构体系将受到负载承担。
今天的行业的特点是快速的技术变化,这意味着工业建设应允许灵活性,要么将来适应新分布或扩大需求的工业厂房。灵活的设施,因此,也是一个重要的功能,必须考虑到在设计这些类型。
辅助工业,以及考虑人民无障碍,必须采取相应的尺寸和物理特性原材料和制成品,以履行原材料运动。
能源消费,工业,取决于现有的机制。在这种情况下,是一个伟大的各种可能性,以节省能源消耗。
从社会角度来看,工业厂房创造财富,创造就业,促进商业活动和开发周边地区。
在某些情况下,作为后果,商标形象的一些公司,工业建筑具有很高的审美价值,有助于增加对建筑遗产的周边地区。
我国是一个人口密度大的国家迅速工业化,并成为其中一个最大的消费自然资源在世界上。这种情况提供了一个鲜明的对比与其他国家。随着我国是如此重大的全球经济。我国正处于工业化时期的紧张,并确保这一发展得以持续是一个重大的挑战非常重要的全球经济。我国取得了非常迅速的。在二十年前, 20世纪80年代,经济体制成功改革和对外开放,是实现。这些社会和经济变革铺平了道路,最近的发展阶段已经迅速。特别是有启发性,比较我国工业化的进展,与其他国家。在领先的发达国家,如在欧洲,工业化进程已跨越了为期约200年,但相等于已取得很大进展,几十年在中国。
重庆市最大的城市,西南中,是国家的战时首都在1940年。在过去50年来,重庆已经恶化由于其较低的优先分配由中央和省级政府在其发展计划。最近,在1997年,重庆市被指定为第四个直辖市的区政府(心磁)。这样,中央政府希望,重庆将成为一个经济中心的需要服务的西南中和发动机驱动的增长,我国广大西部地区。振兴重庆取决于经济发展的我国西部地区,而繁荣的中国西部地区严重依赖的正常运作后,重庆作为一个经济增长中心。
这座城市有一个坚实的工业基础。这三个支柱行业包括机械,化工和冶金工业。和食品加工,建筑材料,房地产,电子业和旅游业发展迅速。重庆在我国重要的综合工业城市。重型工业是一个大尺度,特别是钢铁,机械和汽车。赋予了一个方便的通信中的水,空气和陆地运输,已成为重庆经济,商业,金融中心和交通枢纽上游长江这是一些工业区,位于重庆
重庆市板桥工业区的一个特点是城市工业区授权的人民政府在2002年的重庆,它位于西入口处的重庆荣昌县6 km2布局地区
西彭工业园于2003年7月批准的重庆市工业园区是工业园区的城市功能10 1。公园规划面积65 km2工业园乔健价值观人道原则。它拥有现代化的设施,以及一个美丽的自然观,因此,它是个好地方的营商环境,生活和旅游,设在这里是一个工业园区批准由重庆市人民政府。启用2003年6月18号,涉及10 km2具有强烈的吸引和辐射能力,这是重要的商业物资集散地,重庆西部和东南部,四川编程比例机场科技工业园是1km2
在设计,服务和功能的科技园是第一个反映了它的基本目的。许多国家不承认的基本多样性的科技园,并倾向于认为,这些项目的专门工业园区。但是,目的和形式的技术园区差别很大。共同目标的技术园区包括。
而所有这些目标是相互排斥的,成功的项目一般是那些有一个明确的和有限的重点和一套目标。研究与发展在某些情况下,公园的设想,长期文书变换从通常的经济基础比较传统的部门,以更高的技术。就业增长在这些情况必须加以衡量在一个较长的时间内随着新技术的开发或不同类型的企业诱导找到在该地区。以技术为导向的公园已被广泛应用于世界各地的车辆,促进经济发展。在一些“研究,技术,或科学”公园当然取决于如何界定这些公园。但是,大多数的估计,超过60个国家(工业化国家和新兴)已建立250多个科技园,其中许多迎合专门的软件和信息技术服务产业。
所以我们可以总结说,以下各点有一个基本的努力取得的最终结果两国。最后,我们可以说,重庆市已全部内容建立现代工业区,这是原因,使中国的经济迅速增长短的时间内,这意味着产业起着决定性的作用日益增加,并取得良好进展的经济。鉴于巴勒斯坦遭受了太多的问题,由于以色列的占领和统治的土地,如前面提到的工业政策中宣布,政府,重点是放在需要创造更多的就业机会的工业部门。
In 1988 the Palestinian national council (PNC) had meeting in Algiers to declare the State of Palestine as outlined in the UN Partition Plan 181. In 1988, King Hussein the king of the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan relinquished claim to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, in favor of the PLO. When PLO signed the peace agreement in 1993 with Israel and had the sovereignty in both of the west bank and Gaza strip, Palestinian government started to build its own institutions, unfortunately some of these projects faced a lot of obstacles and complications and some other projects stayed in its cradle. This made the Palestinian people suffered too much, the life worsened aftermath the occupation and its animists and ethnic policies. West Bank considers the largest one of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority (PA). But it has experienced general decline in economic conditions. The downturn, unemployment and the crisis's has been largely the result of Israeli closure policies the imposition of border closures which disrupted labor and trading relationships, in fact the economic situation depends totally on the industrial sector which consider the mirror of civilization, the industrial sector need to special infrastructures reinforce with solid foundations and steady environment to upgrade and improve the whole of other sectors, So the industrial zones have special consequence and characterize which can be use to influence the information of the urban fabric and to reflect civilization standpoint for any society. Of course the interaction between the work place of residence can be utilized to influence the urban and regional development according to plan, the industrial sector will absorbing surplus work force and reducing rampant unemployment given the political turmoil in Palestine. So the Industrial zones will enhance the level of the life and will be positive impact on the other sectors, this study will examine and to confirm the goals and potentials of the industrial zones as well as the environmental criteria necessary for the protection of population, human resources and the property from all frame of pollution. The study also will identify several obstacles as an (internal and external) preventing the establishment of the industrial zone. Furthermore, the study will investigate the environmental damage caused by industries located with in the limits of the population centers. These environmental effects include industrial effluents and waste such as dust, noise pollution which cause harmful, health problems on people, and how to up grade the strategy of planning to enhance the whole environment surrounded such as pollutions, and how to alleviate it taking in my considerations the regional physical planning and the landscaping in addition to urban location , and the challenges that faced e abuse of the lands to improve the industrial sector, and then to overcome the challenges that faced to solve the problem of unemployed people in addition to the adaptation of development in industry.
The study conclude with several findings and conclusion which can be considered guidelines to reduce or overcome industries impact on human health and natural resources and bring back balance between the need for industrial development and protection of natural resources.
So the aim of this study is to shedding the light on the general situation of the industrial zones the industrial sectors in Palestine and the conditions that face in addition to its needs such as the main elements used in development country to improve the industrial zone and other elements, Then to compare with Chongqing, as developed city in China. In fact the same price that appear in this study it was true and was represent the same value of RMB, When the rate of change for each 1 USD$=8.03-7.33 RMB during the period between 2005-2007
I left the whole prices as the same to make clear comparison between the whole elements of this study.
At the same time I used the word of zone which should represent park when applies the standards of establishing the industrial zone.
引文
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[3] Article entitled‘The Case for Regional Policies’published in Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Nov. 1970(51).
[4] Ahn BS, Han CH. determining multiple attribute weights consistent with pair wise preference orders. Computational science and its applications—ICSSA 2005, Vol 4, Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2005; 3483: 360–7.
[5] Alexander, C et al A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction (Oxford University Press, 1977), and p.228.
[6] Aladdin Book Ltd, 1996, The Crazy world of what if, p.12.
[7] Athanassopoulos AD, Podinovski VV. Dominance and potential optimality in multiple criteria decision analysis with imprecise information. Journal of the Operational Research Society 1997; 48(2): 142–50.
[8] Alrai Newspaper, Issue No. 1115, 2001 Feb.p.56.
[9] Ayeni, B 1997 The design of spatial decision support systems in urban and regional planning In Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning.(ed.) Timmermans, H. London.
[10] Bantayan, N. C. & Bishop, I. D 1998 Linking Objective and Subjective Modeling for Land use Decision-Making Landscape and Urban Planning.
[11] Berry, J.L. Brain. City Size Distribution and Economic Development Economic Development and Cultural Change, 9(No 4, 1961) the University of Chicago Press 1961.
[12] Blakely, E. J. 1994 Planning Local Economic Development: Theory and Practice Ed. Newbury Park, California, Sage.
[13] Brugha C. Structure of multi-criteria decision-making. Journal of the Operational Research Society 2004; 55(11):1156–68.
[14] Burrough, P. A. & McDonnell, R A 1988 Principles of geographical information systems Ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
[15] Bryson, J.M. & Einsweiler, and R. C 1988 Strategic Planning: Threats and Implications for Planners Association, A. P. Ed. Chicago, Planning Press.
[16] Buzz, Determinants of Establishing the Industrial Estates in Nablus Governorate and their Impacts on the Environment, Society and Industrial Education, Palestine 2004.
[17] Cole R. Building environmental assessment methods: assessing construction practices. Construction Management and Economics 2000; 18:949–57.
[18] Chongqing Commission of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation (COFTEC).
[19] Clercq, F 1990 Information Management within the planning process, In Geographical information systems for Urban and Regional Planning.(ed.) Scholten, H. J. a. S., J. C. H. Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 59-68.
[20] Cliff Moughtin, Urban Design Street and Square, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Nottingham, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, 1995.
[21] Cliff Moughtin, Urban Design Green Dimensions, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Nottingham, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, 1996.
[22] Dasgupta S, Tam EKL. Indicators and framework for assessing sustainable infrastructure, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 2005; 32(1):30–44.
[23] David Newman: Population, Settlement and Conflict, CUP 1991.
[24] Definition as per the US Census Bureau. The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
[25] Ding GKC. Developing a multicriteria approach for the measurement of sustainable performance. Building Research and Information 2005; 33(1):3–16.
[26] Eckey, H-F, 1978: Grundlagen der regionalen Strukturpolitik, Bund Verlag, koeln, p.57.
[27] Evolution of the Arab Flag, by Dr Mahdi Abdul Hadi, Amman, Feb. 1986.
[28] Faludi, A.1973. A Reader in Planning Theory Ed. Sydney, Pergamon Press.
[29] Faludi, A 1987 A decision-centered view of environmental planning Ed. Oxford, Pergamon Press.
[30] Faludi, A. & Voogd, H 1985 Evaluation of Complex Policy Problems Ed. Delft, Delftsche Uitgers Maatschappij.
[31] Felestein, D., and others, 2001: Public Investment and regional Economic Development, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK, p.12.
[32] French S, Geldermann J. The varied contexts of environmental decision problems and their implications for decision support. Environmental Science and Policy 2005; 8(4):378–91.
[33] Galantay Constandse A, Ohba, T. New Town World–Wide Netherlands: IFHP, 1985.
[34] Geertman, S. C. M. & Toppen, F. J 1990 Regional Planning for New Housing in Randstad Holland, In Geographical Information Systems for Urban and Regional Planning.(ed.) Scholten, H. J. & Stillwell, J. C. H. London, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
[35] Gustafsson J, Salo A, Gustafsson T. PRIME decisions: an interactive tool for value tree analysis. Multiple Criteria Decision Making in the New Millennium, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems 2001; 507:165–76.
[36] HBCC. 1996. Hervey Bay Town Planning Scheme Council, H. B. C. Ed. Brisbane, Queensland State Government.
[37] Huete, R, Llatas, C, Garc?′a, A. Sostenibilidad de las construcciones. Ana′lisis de las herramientas ba′sicas para la evaluacio′n de la ecoeficiencia en los edificios. 1% a Jornadas de Investigacio′n en Construccio′n. CSIC. Madrid, Spain, 2005.
[38] Industrial Park (IP) AND Industrial Estate (IE) are synonyms. The Jordan Industrial Estate Cooperation use Industrial Estate to identify its projects.
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