涤棉织物的PECH-amine改性与清洁染色工艺探索
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摘要
本课题创新性地综合了纤维素纤维改性剂聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物PECH-amine对纯棉织物的改性和分散染料微胶囊对涤纶的染色这两种最新研究成果,即先对涤棉织物进行PECH-amine改性,再对改性后的涤棉织物使用分散染料微胶囊/活性染料一浴法无助剂染色,期望探索到一条涤棉织物真正清洁染色的工艺。文章从改性剂聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物PECH-amine的实验室合成、涤棉织物的PECH-amine的改性工艺、改性涤棉织物的一浴法无助剂染色工艺三个方面进行了详尽的探讨。
本课题自制纤维素纤维改性剂聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物PECH-amine,试验证明了此改性剂对涤棉织物中的棉纤维改性效果显著,对涤纶纤维没有明显的改性,所以涤棉的改性工艺可以通过探讨涤棉中棉纤维的改性工艺来确定。同时证明了改性后的涤棉织物强力变化不大,有明显的接枝现象,改性涤棉织物对水的渗透时间由原来大于300s减少到7s,透湿性由原来的18.6×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2))降低到14.97×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2))。
实验还探讨了PECH-amine浓度、氢氧化钠浓度、改性时间、温度及不同改性方式对涤棉织物PECH-amine改性工艺的影响。实验证明:在1%—2.5%o.w.f染色浓度范围内使用雅格素NF系列活性染料染色时,浸渍法改性效果较好,改性剂浓度随着染色浓度的增加而增大,但不宜超过5g/l,改性较适宜的氢氧化钠浓度为2g/l,改性温度为95℃左右,时间为50min。同时发现:此工艺下,涤棉织物中棉纤维对活性染料的上染完全可以在中性、无盐的条件下进行,且上染率均能提高到95%以上,染料基本吸尽。由于改性剂本身对活性染料就有固色作用,因此无需加碱固色,固色率就可以达到90%以上。对3%、3.5%o.w.f高浓度的染色,涤棉织物中棉对活性染料的上染率也可达到80%左右,此时加盐对活性染料上染率的提高影响不大。
改性涤棉在无助剂条件下采用分散染料微胶囊/活性染料一浴一步法分段染色,即无助剂条件下活性染料在100℃先染棉纤维,分散染料微胶囊在130℃再染涤纶纤维。结果显示:改性涤棉染色品的K/S值比未改性涤棉织物加助剂二浴法染色提高了5%—15%左右,相对于未改性涤棉织物加助剂一浴一步法染色的K/S值而言,更是提高了1倍以上。由于在中性、无盐1%—2.5%o.w.f浓度的染浴中活性染料已基本吸尽,且分散染料微胶囊是无助剂染色,所以改性涤棉分散染料微胶囊/活性染料一浴一步法染色基本实现了无助剂的清洁染色,染色废液不存在BOD、COD污染,可以直接排放。实验数据还表明:改性涤棉染色品的匀染性和未改性染色品的相当,摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度也与未改性涤棉染色品相当甚至有所提高,日晒牢度较未改性染色品有半级到一级左右的下降,但仍然可以达到工业生产的要求。
For the purpose to find a real cleaning dyeing process of the polyester-cotton blends,the polyester-cotton blends were modified with the PECH-amine firstly,and then the modified blends were applied to one bath dyeing with encapsulated disperses/ reactive dyes in the absence of auxiliaries.The synthesis of PECH-amine in the laboratory,the polyester-cotton blends modification process with the PECH-amine,and one bath dyeing process of the modified polyester-cotton blends have been studied in this paper.
Polyepichlorohydrin-dimethylamine(PECH-amine) has been prepared primarily.The results have showed that there was a significant modification of the cotton fiber and no obvious modification of the polyester in the polyester-cotton blends.So the modification process of the polyester blends can be ensured by exploring the modification of the cotton fabric in the polyester-cotton blends.The mightiness of modified polyester-cotton blends changed less.The modified polyester-cotton blends appeared the graft phenomena.The penetration time of it reduced from 300s to 7s and the moisture permeability decreased from 18.6×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2)) to 14.97×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2)).
Factors to the modification process of the polyester-cotton blends with PECH-amine like the concentration of the PECH-amine,sodium hydroxide,modification time,temperature and different kinds of methods have been studied.The results showed that the modified method by immersion is better than the other kinds of modification methods when the polyester-cotton blends were dyed with the Argozal NF reactive dyes in the 1%-2.5%o.w.f..The concentration of the PECH-amine increased with the increasing concentration of dyes,the suitable conditions of exhaustion process are:PECH-amine 1-5g/L,NaOH 2g/L,95℃,50min.Modified the polyester-cotton blends in above condition,the exhaustion rate of the cotton fabric in the modified polyester-cotton blends for the Argozal NF reactive dyes can be increased to 95%,and the dyes were exhaustion.For the modification has the effect of the fixation,and the fixation rate of the modified polyester-cotton dyes goods can achieve more than 90%.In the 3%、3.5%o.w.f.,the exhaustion rate for the reactive dyes can be achieved about 80%.In addition,salt can not increase the exhaustion rate of the reactive dyes.
The modified polyester-cotton blends were dyed with encapsulated disperses/Argozal NF reactive dyes in the absence of auxiliaries one bath one step.Namely in the absence of auxiliaries, the reactive dyed in 100℃and the encapsulated disperses dyed in 130℃.In the paper,compared to two bathes two steps encapsulated disperses/Argozal NF reactive dyes with auxiliaries,the K/S of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods increased 5%-15%.Compared to the untreated polyester-cotton blends applied to one bath one step encapsulated disperses/Argozal NF reactive dyes with auxiliaries,the K/S of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods increased by 100%.Due to in the 1%-2.5%o.w.f.,dyed without salts under neutral conditions,the reactive dyes have been exhausted,and the polyester dyeing by the encapsulated disperse have been able to dye in the absence of auxiliaries.Further more the modified polyester-cotton blends with one bath one step can be dyed with encapsulated disperses/Argozai NF reactive dyes in the absence of auxiliaries,so the cleaning dyeing of the modified polyester-cotton blends was basically come true.There were not BOD and COD in the dyeing wastewater,so it can be discharged directly.The results also showed that the level dyeing property of the modified polyester-cotton blends was equivalent to that of the untreated one.The levels of the rubbing fastness and the soaping fastness of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods were equivalent to or somewhat increased with that of untreated one.The light fastness of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods were a half or one progression decline than those of the untreated ones,but they still to be able to meet the demand of industrial application.
本课题自制纤维素纤维改性剂聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物PECH-amine,试验证明了此改性剂对涤棉织物中的棉纤维改性效果显著,对涤纶纤维没有明显的改性,所以涤棉的改性工艺可以通过探讨涤棉中棉纤维的改性工艺来确定。同时证明了改性后的涤棉织物强力变化不大,有明显的接枝现象,改性涤棉织物对水的渗透时间由原来大于300s减少到7s,透湿性由原来的18.6×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2))降低到14.97×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2))。
实验还探讨了PECH-amine浓度、氢氧化钠浓度、改性时间、温度及不同改性方式对涤棉织物PECH-amine改性工艺的影响。实验证明:在1%—2.5%o.w.f染色浓度范围内使用雅格素NF系列活性染料染色时,浸渍法改性效果较好,改性剂浓度随着染色浓度的增加而增大,但不宜超过5g/l,改性较适宜的氢氧化钠浓度为2g/l,改性温度为95℃左右,时间为50min。同时发现:此工艺下,涤棉织物中棉纤维对活性染料的上染完全可以在中性、无盐的条件下进行,且上染率均能提高到95%以上,染料基本吸尽。由于改性剂本身对活性染料就有固色作用,因此无需加碱固色,固色率就可以达到90%以上。对3%、3.5%o.w.f高浓度的染色,涤棉织物中棉对活性染料的上染率也可达到80%左右,此时加盐对活性染料上染率的提高影响不大。
改性涤棉在无助剂条件下采用分散染料微胶囊/活性染料一浴一步法分段染色,即无助剂条件下活性染料在100℃先染棉纤维,分散染料微胶囊在130℃再染涤纶纤维。结果显示:改性涤棉染色品的K/S值比未改性涤棉织物加助剂二浴法染色提高了5%—15%左右,相对于未改性涤棉织物加助剂一浴一步法染色的K/S值而言,更是提高了1倍以上。由于在中性、无盐1%—2.5%o.w.f浓度的染浴中活性染料已基本吸尽,且分散染料微胶囊是无助剂染色,所以改性涤棉分散染料微胶囊/活性染料一浴一步法染色基本实现了无助剂的清洁染色,染色废液不存在BOD、COD污染,可以直接排放。实验数据还表明:改性涤棉染色品的匀染性和未改性染色品的相当,摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度也与未改性涤棉染色品相当甚至有所提高,日晒牢度较未改性染色品有半级到一级左右的下降,但仍然可以达到工业生产的要求。
For the purpose to find a real cleaning dyeing process of the polyester-cotton blends,the polyester-cotton blends were modified with the PECH-amine firstly,and then the modified blends were applied to one bath dyeing with encapsulated disperses/ reactive dyes in the absence of auxiliaries.The synthesis of PECH-amine in the laboratory,the polyester-cotton blends modification process with the PECH-amine,and one bath dyeing process of the modified polyester-cotton blends have been studied in this paper.
Polyepichlorohydrin-dimethylamine(PECH-amine) has been prepared primarily.The results have showed that there was a significant modification of the cotton fiber and no obvious modification of the polyester in the polyester-cotton blends.So the modification process of the polyester blends can be ensured by exploring the modification of the cotton fabric in the polyester-cotton blends.The mightiness of modified polyester-cotton blends changed less.The modified polyester-cotton blends appeared the graft phenomena.The penetration time of it reduced from 300s to 7s and the moisture permeability decreased from 18.6×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2)) to 14.97×10~(-3)(g/(hr·cm~2)).
Factors to the modification process of the polyester-cotton blends with PECH-amine like the concentration of the PECH-amine,sodium hydroxide,modification time,temperature and different kinds of methods have been studied.The results showed that the modified method by immersion is better than the other kinds of modification methods when the polyester-cotton blends were dyed with the Argozal NF reactive dyes in the 1%-2.5%o.w.f..The concentration of the PECH-amine increased with the increasing concentration of dyes,the suitable conditions of exhaustion process are:PECH-amine 1-5g/L,NaOH 2g/L,95℃,50min.Modified the polyester-cotton blends in above condition,the exhaustion rate of the cotton fabric in the modified polyester-cotton blends for the Argozal NF reactive dyes can be increased to 95%,and the dyes were exhaustion.For the modification has the effect of the fixation,and the fixation rate of the modified polyester-cotton dyes goods can achieve more than 90%.In the 3%、3.5%o.w.f.,the exhaustion rate for the reactive dyes can be achieved about 80%.In addition,salt can not increase the exhaustion rate of the reactive dyes.
The modified polyester-cotton blends were dyed with encapsulated disperses/Argozal NF reactive dyes in the absence of auxiliaries one bath one step.Namely in the absence of auxiliaries, the reactive dyed in 100℃and the encapsulated disperses dyed in 130℃.In the paper,compared to two bathes two steps encapsulated disperses/Argozal NF reactive dyes with auxiliaries,the K/S of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods increased 5%-15%.Compared to the untreated polyester-cotton blends applied to one bath one step encapsulated disperses/Argozal NF reactive dyes with auxiliaries,the K/S of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods increased by 100%.Due to in the 1%-2.5%o.w.f.,dyed without salts under neutral conditions,the reactive dyes have been exhausted,and the polyester dyeing by the encapsulated disperse have been able to dye in the absence of auxiliaries.Further more the modified polyester-cotton blends with one bath one step can be dyed with encapsulated disperses/Argozai NF reactive dyes in the absence of auxiliaries,so the cleaning dyeing of the modified polyester-cotton blends was basically come true.There were not BOD and COD in the dyeing wastewater,so it can be discharged directly.The results also showed that the level dyeing property of the modified polyester-cotton blends was equivalent to that of the untreated one.The levels of the rubbing fastness and the soaping fastness of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods were equivalent to or somewhat increased with that of untreated one.The light fastness of the modified polyester-cotton blends dyed goods were a half or one progression decline than those of the untreated ones,but they still to be able to meet the demand of industrial application.
引文
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[7]DM Lewis and KA Mcilroy.Chemical modification of cellulosic fibres to enhance dyeability.Rev.Prog.Coloration,1997,(27):5-17.
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[11]TS WU and KM Chen,New cationic agent for improving the dyeability of cellulose fibres.Part 1-pretreaating coton with polyepichlorohydrin-amine polymers for'improving dyeabilitywithd irectdy es.JSDC,1993,(108):388-394.
[12]Rensburg Van.Sawtri Bull,1979(13):14.
[13]Lei X P and Lewis D.M.J.S.D.C.,1990,(106):352.
[14]陈声锐编著.环氧树脂.上海科学技术出版社,1958:1-22.
[15]张洪敏编著.活性聚合.中国石化出版社,1997:1-97.
[16]王秀玲译,唐志翔校.对化学变性的棉织物的染色工艺最佳化.印染译丛,1998,8(4):12.
[17]TS Wu and KM Chen.New cationic agents for improving the dyeability of cellulose fibres.JSDC,1993,(108):354-363.
[18]TS Wu and KM Chen.New cationic agents for improving the dyeability of cellulose fibres.Part 3-the interaction between direct dyes and polyepichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymers.JSDC,1993,(109):365-368.
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