对虾白斑综合征病毒在螯虾的增殖与动态分布及其基因组片段的测序、克隆与表达
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摘要
应用生活于淡水的克氏原螯虾（Cambrus proclakii，简称螯虾）作为动物模型，
研究对虾白斑综合征病毒（White spot syndrome virus，WSSV前称无包埋体对虾
病毒，NOSV）在动物体内的增殖特性和机理，同时测定分析WSSV基因组片段
序列，并将其中的一个阅读框进行了克隆和初步表达。
1．将对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）接种螯虾，研究其感染增殖特性，涉及
感染温度、感染途径、继发感染、半数致死量、免疫保护及保存期等。结果显示
病毒增殖随温度升高而加快，温度降低对病毒增殖影响较显著。腹节肌肉、腹节
皮下注射及口服WSSV均能使螯虾感染发病，而浸泡WSSV不能使螯虾发病。
在螯虾感染后期，螯虾肝胰腺和心脏内的阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）大
量增殖，形成继发感染。WSSV对螯虾的LD_(50)为10~(-6.5)/ml病毒液。灭活病毒免疫
螯虾不能使螯虾形成免疫保护。病毒在整体螯虾冻存较匀浆液优越，保存1年后
仍有活力。
2．以螯虾为动物模型，检测药物和消毒剂对WSSV的作用，结果显示，用
不同浓度的两种抗病毒药物浸泡螯虾后，螯虾死亡时间较对照组平均延长1.2～2d，
其中的一种中药制剂较另一种药物略胜一筹。同时将WSSV分别用两类消毒剂
37℃作用10min，再感染螯虾，结果表明，两者能抑制病毒活性，但未能有效灭
活病毒。
3．制备WSSV单克隆抗体，建立单抗介导ELISA，同时制备WSSV基因探
针，用于DOt-blot检测。从WSSV感染螯虾中提纯病毒，纯化病毒免疫BalB/C
小鼠，采用细胞融合法获得4株杂交瘤细胞，四株单抗均属IgM。其中一株4E_5
在免疫转印中与37.5K左右的病毒条带呈阳性反应，用此株单抗作一抗，建立检
测病毒蛋白的间接ELISA法，该方法能检测出感染组织中的病毒，而正常螯虾组
织呈阴性。从重组质粒pAFD中回收WSSV 400bp大小基因组片段，用地高辛标
记后制备探针，作DOt-blot，能灵敏、特异地检出感染组织中的WSSV。单抗介
导ELISA和Dot-blot检测结果具有较好的一致性，后者较前者灵敏。
南京农业大学 博土学位论文
4．苗虾口服、肌注感染WSSV青岛株，斑点杂交与单抗介导ELISA检测体
内动态分布。口服和肌注螫虾在感染后12h，病毒首先在血淋巴中出现，然后从
血淋巴中消失，但口服组整虾在感染后96h，大量病毒又在血淋巴中出现，并维
持到12加；口服36h和肌注24h，病毒在兹虾心脏和肌肉中同时出现，然后呈总
体递增分布：此外，病毒在螫虾肠上皮、卵巢、真皮和结缔组织也有不同程度分
布。感染死亡螫虾各主要组织器官均可检出病毒，口服组真皮含毒量最高，肌注
组肠上皮、鳃、真皮、卵巢含毒量较高，表明此时病毒已形成周身感染。
5．用自行分离的WSSV射阳株感染螫虾，用斑点杂交和单抗ELISA检测其
动态分布，并与WSSV青岛株相比较。鳖虾在口服和肌注感染后12h，射阳株首先
在血淋巴中检出，36h时在肠上皮、心脏、肌肉中同时出现，井呈总体递增分布。
斑点杂交、单抗ELISA和电镜观察均可从死亡袒虾各主要组织器官检出病毒，显
示死亡凿虾内病毒已形成周身！4染。椎测WSSV首先进入血淋巴，然后扩散到心
脏、肌肉、肠上皮等组织器官并在其内增殖，继而再次释放到血淋巴，最终形成
周身感染直至赘虾死亡。与WSSV青岛株在繁虾的体内动态大体相仿。
6．取WSSV基因组随机文库中一个大小约skb的克隆片段测序，DNA序列
用 DNA Sfor软件进行分析，共发现 43个 100hp以上开放性阅读框架（Ony），其
中一条链31个，互补链12个。用BLAST软件将43个Ony及其推导的氢基酸
序列分别与GeneBank中核酸蛋白数据库序列进行同源性比较，结果无显著同源
性。在此测序片段中，发现一个 sl obp阅读框架，其编码氢基酸序列与海栖热袍
菌外膜蛋白具有24％的同源性，设计一对引物，扩增该阅读框，用T载体克隆，
并按正确阅读框架连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX－6P－l上。重组菌经IPTG诱导
后，菌体SDS－PAGE显示有一个大小为56K的融合表达蛋白产生。
In this paper, crawfish as animal model was applied to study the infection
characteristics and dynamic distribution of shrimp White spot syndrome virus (WSSV).
In addition, a genomic fragment of WSSV was sequenced and analyzed, and an ORF
in it was cloned and expressed in S. co/i.
1. Crawfishes as animal model were infected with WSSV to study various
infection characteristics, including infection temperature, infection route, successive
infection, median lethal dose (LD,o), immunity against virus and virus conservation etc.
The results suggested that crawfishes usually died within 27d after infection at the
temperature of 2225. The infection was sped up when temperature rised. Low
temperature had a more obvious effect on infection. Both by injection and by oral
taking, WSSV could infected crawfishes successfully. Soaking with WSSV failed to
infect crawfishes. Bacterium detection of both healthy and infected crawfishes showed
that Eerobacter cloacae infection existed after the virus infection. The median lethal
dose (LD50) was 10 6/ml WSSV. Crawfishes immunized with inactivated WSSV
couldn be protected against challenge of WSSV. WSSV from whole crawfishes other
than from homogenate was superior and could be recovered successfully after frozen at
-30t for 1 year.
2. As experimental model, crawfishes were inoculated with WSSV and immersed
in anti-virus drugs Fukang and Bangke solutions of various concentrations. It
demonstrated that these drugs could decrease the infectivity of WSSV and delay the
death time of crawfishes. In addition, two disinfectants could suppress but couldn抰 kill
the virus when they were incubated with WSSV at 37C for 10 minutes respectively.
3. MAb-mediated ELISA and Dot-blot for detection of WSSV were established.
WSSV was purified from infected crawfishes and the purified virons was used as
antigen to immunize BalB/C mice. Four MAbs, designated as I B1, 1 E4, 4E6 and 4E5,
were obtained by hybridoma technique. One of them (4E5), reacted with an
approximately 37.5K viral protein band in Western blotting analysis, was selected for
establishment of MAb-mediated indirect ELISA. A genomic fragment of WSSV sized
400bp recovered from recombinant plasmid pAFD, was labeled with Digoxigenin as a
probe for establishment of Dot-blot. Both by MAb-mediated ELISA and by Dot-blot,
WSSV in infected crawfishes could be detected. The results of the two methods were
compatible and Dot-blot was more sensitive than ELI SA.
4. Dot-blot and MAb-mediated ELISA were applied to detect dynamic
distribution of WSSV Qingdao strain within I 20h and 72h in crawfishes inoculated
WSSV Qingdao strain by oral taking and injection respectively. Stomach epithelium,
intestine epithelium, heart, gill, haemolymph, muscle, hepatopancreas, hypoderm,
comiective tissue and ovary of infected crawfish were examined for WSSV. In both
groups, WSSV was first detected in heamolymph at 12h p.i. and then disappeared.
Again it was detected at 96h p.i. only in oral infection group and maintained till l2Oh
p.i., but it didn appear till 72h p.i. in injection group. WSSV in heart, muscle was
detected at 36h p.i. in oral infection group and 24h p.1. in injection group respectively,
and then increased generally. In addition, WSSV in intestine epithelium, connective
tissue, ovary of oral infection group and intestine epithelium, hypoderm, ovary of
injection group could also be detected. In dead crawfishes after I 20h and 72h
postinfectlon in both groups, WSSV could be detected in
研究对虾白斑综合征病毒（White spot syndrome virus，WSSV前称无包埋体对虾
病毒，NOSV）在动物体内的增殖特性和机理，同时测定分析WSSV基因组片段
序列，并将其中的一个阅读框进行了克隆和初步表达。
1．将对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）接种螯虾，研究其感染增殖特性，涉及
感染温度、感染途径、继发感染、半数致死量、免疫保护及保存期等。结果显示
病毒增殖随温度升高而加快，温度降低对病毒增殖影响较显著。腹节肌肉、腹节
皮下注射及口服WSSV均能使螯虾感染发病，而浸泡WSSV不能使螯虾发病。
在螯虾感染后期，螯虾肝胰腺和心脏内的阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）大
量增殖，形成继发感染。WSSV对螯虾的LD_(50)为10~(-6.5)/ml病毒液。灭活病毒免疫
螯虾不能使螯虾形成免疫保护。病毒在整体螯虾冻存较匀浆液优越，保存1年后
仍有活力。
2．以螯虾为动物模型，检测药物和消毒剂对WSSV的作用，结果显示，用
不同浓度的两种抗病毒药物浸泡螯虾后，螯虾死亡时间较对照组平均延长1.2～2d，
其中的一种中药制剂较另一种药物略胜一筹。同时将WSSV分别用两类消毒剂
37℃作用10min，再感染螯虾，结果表明，两者能抑制病毒活性，但未能有效灭
活病毒。
3．制备WSSV单克隆抗体，建立单抗介导ELISA，同时制备WSSV基因探
针，用于DOt-blot检测。从WSSV感染螯虾中提纯病毒，纯化病毒免疫BalB/C
小鼠，采用细胞融合法获得4株杂交瘤细胞，四株单抗均属IgM。其中一株4E_5
在免疫转印中与37.5K左右的病毒条带呈阳性反应，用此株单抗作一抗，建立检
测病毒蛋白的间接ELISA法，该方法能检测出感染组织中的病毒，而正常螯虾组
织呈阴性。从重组质粒pAFD中回收WSSV 400bp大小基因组片段，用地高辛标
记后制备探针，作DOt-blot，能灵敏、特异地检出感染组织中的WSSV。单抗介
导ELISA和Dot-blot检测结果具有较好的一致性，后者较前者灵敏。
南京农业大学 博土学位论文
4．苗虾口服、肌注感染WSSV青岛株，斑点杂交与单抗介导ELISA检测体
内动态分布。口服和肌注螫虾在感染后12h，病毒首先在血淋巴中出现，然后从
血淋巴中消失，但口服组整虾在感染后96h，大量病毒又在血淋巴中出现，并维
持到12加；口服36h和肌注24h，病毒在兹虾心脏和肌肉中同时出现，然后呈总
体递增分布：此外，病毒在螫虾肠上皮、卵巢、真皮和结缔组织也有不同程度分
布。感染死亡螫虾各主要组织器官均可检出病毒，口服组真皮含毒量最高，肌注
组肠上皮、鳃、真皮、卵巢含毒量较高，表明此时病毒已形成周身感染。
5．用自行分离的WSSV射阳株感染螫虾，用斑点杂交和单抗ELISA检测其
动态分布，并与WSSV青岛株相比较。鳖虾在口服和肌注感染后12h，射阳株首先
在血淋巴中检出，36h时在肠上皮、心脏、肌肉中同时出现，井呈总体递增分布。
斑点杂交、单抗ELISA和电镜观察均可从死亡袒虾各主要组织器官检出病毒，显
示死亡凿虾内病毒已形成周身！4染。椎测WSSV首先进入血淋巴，然后扩散到心
脏、肌肉、肠上皮等组织器官并在其内增殖，继而再次释放到血淋巴，最终形成
周身感染直至赘虾死亡。与WSSV青岛株在繁虾的体内动态大体相仿。
6．取WSSV基因组随机文库中一个大小约skb的克隆片段测序，DNA序列
用 DNA Sfor软件进行分析，共发现 43个 100hp以上开放性阅读框架（Ony），其
中一条链31个，互补链12个。用BLAST软件将43个Ony及其推导的氢基酸
序列分别与GeneBank中核酸蛋白数据库序列进行同源性比较，结果无显著同源
性。在此测序片段中，发现一个 sl obp阅读框架，其编码氢基酸序列与海栖热袍
菌外膜蛋白具有24％的同源性，设计一对引物，扩增该阅读框，用T载体克隆，
并按正确阅读框架连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX－6P－l上。重组菌经IPTG诱导
后，菌体SDS－PAGE显示有一个大小为56K的融合表达蛋白产生。
In this paper, crawfish as animal model was applied to study the infection
characteristics and dynamic distribution of shrimp White spot syndrome virus (WSSV).
In addition, a genomic fragment of WSSV was sequenced and analyzed, and an ORF
in it was cloned and expressed in S. co/i.
1. Crawfishes as animal model were infected with WSSV to study various
infection characteristics, including infection temperature, infection route, successive
infection, median lethal dose (LD,o), immunity against virus and virus conservation etc.
The results suggested that crawfishes usually died within 27d after infection at the
temperature of 2225. The infection was sped up when temperature rised. Low
temperature had a more obvious effect on infection. Both by injection and by oral
taking, WSSV could infected crawfishes successfully. Soaking with WSSV failed to
infect crawfishes. Bacterium detection of both healthy and infected crawfishes showed
that Eerobacter cloacae infection existed after the virus infection. The median lethal
dose (LD50) was 10 6/ml WSSV. Crawfishes immunized with inactivated WSSV
couldn be protected against challenge of WSSV. WSSV from whole crawfishes other
than from homogenate was superior and could be recovered successfully after frozen at
-30t for 1 year.
2. As experimental model, crawfishes were inoculated with WSSV and immersed
in anti-virus drugs Fukang and Bangke solutions of various concentrations. It
demonstrated that these drugs could decrease the infectivity of WSSV and delay the
death time of crawfishes. In addition, two disinfectants could suppress but couldn抰 kill
the virus when they were incubated with WSSV at 37C for 10 minutes respectively.
3. MAb-mediated ELISA and Dot-blot for detection of WSSV were established.
WSSV was purified from infected crawfishes and the purified virons was used as
antigen to immunize BalB/C mice. Four MAbs, designated as I B1, 1 E4, 4E6 and 4E5,
were obtained by hybridoma technique. One of them (4E5), reacted with an
approximately 37.5K viral protein band in Western blotting analysis, was selected for
establishment of MAb-mediated indirect ELISA. A genomic fragment of WSSV sized
400bp recovered from recombinant plasmid pAFD, was labeled with Digoxigenin as a
probe for establishment of Dot-blot. Both by MAb-mediated ELISA and by Dot-blot,
WSSV in infected crawfishes could be detected. The results of the two methods were
compatible and Dot-blot was more sensitive than ELI SA.
4. Dot-blot and MAb-mediated ELISA were applied to detect dynamic
distribution of WSSV Qingdao strain within I 20h and 72h in crawfishes inoculated
WSSV Qingdao strain by oral taking and injection respectively. Stomach epithelium,
intestine epithelium, heart, gill, haemolymph, muscle, hepatopancreas, hypoderm,
comiective tissue and ovary of infected crawfish were examined for WSSV. In both
groups, WSSV was first detected in heamolymph at 12h p.i. and then disappeared.
Again it was detected at 96h p.i. only in oral infection group and maintained till l2Oh
p.i., but it didn appear till 72h p.i. in injection group. WSSV in heart, muscle was
detected at 36h p.i. in oral infection group and 24h p.1. in injection group respectively,
and then increased generally. In addition, WSSV in intestine epithelium, connective
tissue, ovary of oral infection group and intestine epithelium, hypoderm, ovary of
injection group could also be detected. In dead crawfishes after I 20h and 72h
postinfectlon in both groups, WSSV could be detected in
引文
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