光纤传感器灵敏度与探头机械性能关系的研究
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摘要
与普通机械、电子类传感器相比,光纤传感器具有灵敏度高、动态范围大、使用方便、体积小、重量轻、易于单纤集成以及抗电磁干扰能力强等优点,有着非常大的发展潜力和应用前景。其中,干涉型光纤弱磁传感器和光纤光栅应变传感器是当今两个比较热点的研究方向。
本文研究对象就是与这两种光纤传感器相关的技术,主要分析了这两种传感器灵敏度与各自探头机械性能参数的关系,内容如下:
1.对基于磁致伸缩材料的光纤干涉型微弱磁传感器探头进行了有限元模态分析,建立了相关数学模型,模拟计算了探头的前40阶固有机械谐振频率。研究表明,其中第32阶谐振频率上探头的灵敏度最高,这一分析结果与实验结果基本一致,验证了所建立的理论模型的有效性。通过对探头的模态分析,可使探头的设计和制作得到优化,为提高系统的灵敏度提供了依据。采用有限元谐响应分析方法计算了在多种磁致伸缩环尺寸和不同缠绕光纤长度条件下光纤磁传感探头的机械形变情况,计算结果表明:增大磁致伸缩环带的外半径和宽度、或者增加粘贴在磁致伸缩环带上的传感光纤长度,均可以使传感探头的最大形变增大,提高换能器的应变灵敏度。
2.对基于机械形变的光纤光栅应变传感器建立了探头机械形变
Compared with mechanical and electronic sensor, the fiber-optic sensor has had great development with its high sensitivity, large dynamic range, convenience, compactness and so on. Interferometric fiber-optic weak magnetic sensor and fiber grating strain sensor have become the hot topics in the field of research on the fiber-optic sensor technologies.
The study target of this dissertation is to analyze the relationships between system sensitivity and mechanical parameters of transducer for the two kinds of sensors mentioned above. The main contents include:
Firstly, the interferometric fiber-optic weak magnetic sensor was introduced. A mathematical model was presented to analyze the mechanical performance of the transducer for fiber-optic weak magnetic field sensors using finite element method. The resonant frequencies from the lowest mode up to the fortieth order mode were calculated. It was found that the transducer has the highest sensitivity at the 32nd order resonant frequency, which agrees with the experimental result. This indicates the validity of the model. It provides an effective method for the optimal design and implementation of the transducer, and the system sensitivity can be improved accordingly. The displacements of transducer with different sizes of magnetostrictive rings and different lengths of fiber wrapped on the ring were calculated through harmonic response analysis. The results are that maximum displacement of sensing transducer can be
本文研究对象就是与这两种光纤传感器相关的技术,主要分析了这两种传感器灵敏度与各自探头机械性能参数的关系,内容如下:
1.对基于磁致伸缩材料的光纤干涉型微弱磁传感器探头进行了有限元模态分析,建立了相关数学模型,模拟计算了探头的前40阶固有机械谐振频率。研究表明,其中第32阶谐振频率上探头的灵敏度最高,这一分析结果与实验结果基本一致,验证了所建立的理论模型的有效性。通过对探头的模态分析,可使探头的设计和制作得到优化,为提高系统的灵敏度提供了依据。采用有限元谐响应分析方法计算了在多种磁致伸缩环尺寸和不同缠绕光纤长度条件下光纤磁传感探头的机械形变情况,计算结果表明:增大磁致伸缩环带的外半径和宽度、或者增加粘贴在磁致伸缩环带上的传感光纤长度,均可以使传感探头的最大形变增大,提高换能器的应变灵敏度。
2.对基于机械形变的光纤光栅应变传感器建立了探头机械形变
Compared with mechanical and electronic sensor, the fiber-optic sensor has had great development with its high sensitivity, large dynamic range, convenience, compactness and so on. Interferometric fiber-optic weak magnetic sensor and fiber grating strain sensor have become the hot topics in the field of research on the fiber-optic sensor technologies.
The study target of this dissertation is to analyze the relationships between system sensitivity and mechanical parameters of transducer for the two kinds of sensors mentioned above. The main contents include:
Firstly, the interferometric fiber-optic weak magnetic sensor was introduced. A mathematical model was presented to analyze the mechanical performance of the transducer for fiber-optic weak magnetic field sensors using finite element method. The resonant frequencies from the lowest mode up to the fortieth order mode were calculated. It was found that the transducer has the highest sensitivity at the 32nd order resonant frequency, which agrees with the experimental result. This indicates the validity of the model. It provides an effective method for the optimal design and implementation of the transducer, and the system sensitivity can be improved accordingly. The displacements of transducer with different sizes of magnetostrictive rings and different lengths of fiber wrapped on the ring were calculated through harmonic response analysis. The results are that maximum displacement of sensing transducer can be
引文
[1] 尚丽平,张淑清,史锦珊,光纤光栅传感器的现状与发展[J],燕山大学学报,2001,(2):139-143
[2] 杨宝清,现代传感器技术基础,北京,中国铁道出版社,2001,6:20-22
[3] 皮广禄,国外传感器技术的现状与发展[J],传感器世界,1999,(1):7-14
[4] 路炜,传感器产业概述,上海情报服务平台,2005,8
[5] 王慧文,江先进,光纤传感技术与应用,北京,国防工业出版社,2001,4:39-43
[6] 廖延彪,黎敏,光纤传感器的今日与发展[J],传感器世界,2004,(2):6-12
[7] 刘瑞复,史锦珊,光纤传感器及其应用,北京,机械工业出版社,1987,64-66
[8] Webb D J, Optical-Fiber Sensor: An Overview, MRS Bulletin, 2002, 27(5):365-369
[9] 何慧灵,赵春梅,陈丹等,光纤传感器现状[J],激光与光电子学进展,2004,41(3):39-42
[10] K.T.V.Grattan, Dr.T.Sun, Fiber optic sensor technology: an overview[J], Sensors and Actuators, 2000, 82(1):40-61
[11] 李红民,光纤光栅传感器拓展应用研究,[学位论文],天津,南开大学,2006
[12] 李守荣,光纤直流弱磁场传感器研究,[学位论文],上海,上海大学,1999
[13] 金龙,张伟刚,涂勤昌等,干涉技术在光纤传感器设计中的应用,激光与光电子学进展,2004,41(7):51-56
[14] 薛青,干涉型光纤磁场传感器稳定性研究,[学位论文],上海,上海交通大学,2006
[15] 张翼,陈建平,薛青等,Michelson 干涉型光纤弱磁场传感器信号检测电路研究,半导体光电,2006,27(2):221-224
[16] 薛志英,光纤微弱磁场传感器技术,[学位论文],成都,电子科技大学,2001
[17] 刘吉延,斯永敏,马赫-曾德尔干涉型磁传感器,传感器技术,2004,23(1):14-17
[18] 吴宿松,赵宏声,微弱信号的检测方式及其在光纤干涉仪中的应用,武汉工业大学学报,1996,18(3):44-47
[19] A.D.Kerseye, etc., Optimization and Stabilization of Visibility in Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensors Using Input-Polarization Control, J. Lightwave Technol, 1988, 6(10):1599-1609
[20] 贺兴书,机械振动力学,上海,上海交通大学出版社,1985,85-87
[21] F.Bucholtz, J.E.C, A. Dandridge, Thermal noise spetrum of a fiber-optic magnetostrictive transducer, Opt. Lett., March 15, 1991, 16(6):432-434
[22] Marc D. Mermelstein, Coupled Mode Analysis for Magnetoelastic Amphous Metal Sensors, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, Sept. 1986, MAG-22(5):442-440
[23] 黄耀清,郝成宏,以磁致伸缩原理为基础的光纤磁场传感器的最新进展,大庆高等专科学校学报,1997,17(4):38-48
[24] 张家琪,史晓红,任怀宇,导弹仪器支架有限元分析,导弹与航天运载技术,2000, 5:11-16
[25] 王瑁成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2003,28-29
[26] 叶先磊,史亚杰,ANSYS 工程分析软件应用实例,背景,清华大学出版社,2003,238-239
[27] Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C, Kawasaki B S, Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides: Application to reflection filter fabrication, Appl.Phys.Lett., 1978, 32:647~649
[28] 苑立波,光纤光栅原理与应用,光通信技术,1998,22(1):70-73
[29] 傅海威,乔学光,贾振安等,高灵敏度的光纤光栅压强传感器,光学学报,2004,4(2):187-189
[30] 周智,土木工程结构光纤光栅智能传感元件及其监测系统,[学位论文],哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,2003
[31] Wu Z J, etc., Measurement of Process-Induced Stresses in Composite Laminates by FBG Sensors, International SAMPE Technology, 2004, 3217-3224
[32] Nellen P M, etc., Optical Fiber Grating for Tunnel Surveillance, SPIE, 2000, 3986:263-270
[33] Bjerkan L, Application of Fiber-Optic Bragg Grating Sensors in Monitoring Environmental Loads of Overhead Power Transmission Lines, Applied Optics, 2000, 39(4): 554-560
[34] M.G.Xu, L.Reekie, Y.T.Chow, etc., Optical In-fibre Grating High Pressure Sensor, Electronics Letters, 1993, 29(4):398-399
[35] Hideaki Iwaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Keiji Shiba, etc., Structural health monitoring system using FBG-based sensors for a damage tolerant building, 3rd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford University, Sep.l2-14, 2001
[36] Li Sun, Hong-Nan Li, Liang Ren, FBG sensors for the measurement of the dynamic response of offshore oil platform model, Proceedings of SPIE: Health monitoring and smart nondestructive evaluation of structural and biological systems IV, San Diego, California, USA, 2005, 57:68-71
[37] Liang Ren, Hong-Nan Li, Li Sun, Dong-Sheng Li, Development of tube-packaged FBG strain sensor and application in the vibration experiment of submarine pipeline model, Proceedings of SPIE: Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications II,Beijing, 2004, 56:4-13
[38] 南秋明,光纤光栅应变传感器的研制及应用,[学位论文],武汉,武汉理工大学,2003
[39] 刘石启,郭转运,刘志国等,聚合物封装的高灵敏度光纤光栅压力传感器,中国激光,2000,27(3):211-214
[40] 傅海威,乔学光,贾振要等,应力增敏的光纤布拉格光栅压强传感器,中国激光,2004,(4):58-61
[41] 钱颖,黄石峰,柏葆华等,光纤光栅封装技术,长春邮电学院学报,2000,18(2):27-31
[42] 文庆珍,苑秉成,黄俊斌,封装聚合物对光纤光栅压力传感增敏的影响,武汉大学学报,2005,51(5):571-573
[43] 邹祖讳,复合材料的结构与性能,北京,科学出版社,1999,4:176-177
[44] 王兴业,复合材料力学性能,长沙,国防科技大学出版社,1988,6:254-256
[45] 文庆珍,苑秉成,黄俊斌,光纤光栅压力传感器封装增敏技术,海军工程大学学报,2005,17(3):21-24
[2] 杨宝清,现代传感器技术基础,北京,中国铁道出版社,2001,6:20-22
[3] 皮广禄,国外传感器技术的现状与发展[J],传感器世界,1999,(1):7-14
[4] 路炜,传感器产业概述,上海情报服务平台,2005,8
[5] 王慧文,江先进,光纤传感技术与应用,北京,国防工业出版社,2001,4:39-43
[6] 廖延彪,黎敏,光纤传感器的今日与发展[J],传感器世界,2004,(2):6-12
[7] 刘瑞复,史锦珊,光纤传感器及其应用,北京,机械工业出版社,1987,64-66
[8] Webb D J, Optical-Fiber Sensor: An Overview, MRS Bulletin, 2002, 27(5):365-369
[9] 何慧灵,赵春梅,陈丹等,光纤传感器现状[J],激光与光电子学进展,2004,41(3):39-42
[10] K.T.V.Grattan, Dr.T.Sun, Fiber optic sensor technology: an overview[J], Sensors and Actuators, 2000, 82(1):40-61
[11] 李红民,光纤光栅传感器拓展应用研究,[学位论文],天津,南开大学,2006
[12] 李守荣,光纤直流弱磁场传感器研究,[学位论文],上海,上海大学,1999
[13] 金龙,张伟刚,涂勤昌等,干涉技术在光纤传感器设计中的应用,激光与光电子学进展,2004,41(7):51-56
[14] 薛青,干涉型光纤磁场传感器稳定性研究,[学位论文],上海,上海交通大学,2006
[15] 张翼,陈建平,薛青等,Michelson 干涉型光纤弱磁场传感器信号检测电路研究,半导体光电,2006,27(2):221-224
[16] 薛志英,光纤微弱磁场传感器技术,[学位论文],成都,电子科技大学,2001
[17] 刘吉延,斯永敏,马赫-曾德尔干涉型磁传感器,传感器技术,2004,23(1):14-17
[18] 吴宿松,赵宏声,微弱信号的检测方式及其在光纤干涉仪中的应用,武汉工业大学学报,1996,18(3):44-47
[19] A.D.Kerseye, etc., Optimization and Stabilization of Visibility in Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensors Using Input-Polarization Control, J. Lightwave Technol, 1988, 6(10):1599-1609
[20] 贺兴书,机械振动力学,上海,上海交通大学出版社,1985,85-87
[21] F.Bucholtz, J.E.C, A. Dandridge, Thermal noise spetrum of a fiber-optic magnetostrictive transducer, Opt. Lett., March 15, 1991, 16(6):432-434
[22] Marc D. Mermelstein, Coupled Mode Analysis for Magnetoelastic Amphous Metal Sensors, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, Sept. 1986, MAG-22(5):442-440
[23] 黄耀清,郝成宏,以磁致伸缩原理为基础的光纤磁场传感器的最新进展,大庆高等专科学校学报,1997,17(4):38-48
[24] 张家琪,史晓红,任怀宇,导弹仪器支架有限元分析,导弹与航天运载技术,2000, 5:11-16
[25] 王瑁成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2003,28-29
[26] 叶先磊,史亚杰,ANSYS 工程分析软件应用实例,背景,清华大学出版社,2003,238-239
[27] Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C, Kawasaki B S, Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides: Application to reflection filter fabrication, Appl.Phys.Lett., 1978, 32:647~649
[28] 苑立波,光纤光栅原理与应用,光通信技术,1998,22(1):70-73
[29] 傅海威,乔学光,贾振安等,高灵敏度的光纤光栅压强传感器,光学学报,2004,4(2):187-189
[30] 周智,土木工程结构光纤光栅智能传感元件及其监测系统,[学位论文],哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,2003
[31] Wu Z J, etc., Measurement of Process-Induced Stresses in Composite Laminates by FBG Sensors, International SAMPE Technology, 2004, 3217-3224
[32] Nellen P M, etc., Optical Fiber Grating for Tunnel Surveillance, SPIE, 2000, 3986:263-270
[33] Bjerkan L, Application of Fiber-Optic Bragg Grating Sensors in Monitoring Environmental Loads of Overhead Power Transmission Lines, Applied Optics, 2000, 39(4): 554-560
[34] M.G.Xu, L.Reekie, Y.T.Chow, etc., Optical In-fibre Grating High Pressure Sensor, Electronics Letters, 1993, 29(4):398-399
[35] Hideaki Iwaki, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Keiji Shiba, etc., Structural health monitoring system using FBG-based sensors for a damage tolerant building, 3rd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford University, Sep.l2-14, 2001
[36] Li Sun, Hong-Nan Li, Liang Ren, FBG sensors for the measurement of the dynamic response of offshore oil platform model, Proceedings of SPIE: Health monitoring and smart nondestructive evaluation of structural and biological systems IV, San Diego, California, USA, 2005, 57:68-71
[37] Liang Ren, Hong-Nan Li, Li Sun, Dong-Sheng Li, Development of tube-packaged FBG strain sensor and application in the vibration experiment of submarine pipeline model, Proceedings of SPIE: Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications II,Beijing, 2004, 56:4-13
[38] 南秋明,光纤光栅应变传感器的研制及应用,[学位论文],武汉,武汉理工大学,2003
[39] 刘石启,郭转运,刘志国等,聚合物封装的高灵敏度光纤光栅压力传感器,中国激光,2000,27(3):211-214
[40] 傅海威,乔学光,贾振要等,应力增敏的光纤布拉格光栅压强传感器,中国激光,2004,(4):58-61
[41] 钱颖,黄石峰,柏葆华等,光纤光栅封装技术,长春邮电学院学报,2000,18(2):27-31
[42] 文庆珍,苑秉成,黄俊斌,封装聚合物对光纤光栅压力传感增敏的影响,武汉大学学报,2005,51(5):571-573
[43] 邹祖讳,复合材料的结构与性能,北京,科学出版社,1999,4:176-177
[44] 王兴业,复合材料力学性能,长沙,国防科技大学出版社,1988,6:254-256
[45] 文庆珍,苑秉成,黄俊斌,光纤光栅压力传感器封装增敏技术,海军工程大学学报,2005,17(3):21-24
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