DPAL的动力学模拟和SrCl_2蒸气激光的实验研究
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摘要
半导体泵浦的碱金属蒸气激光(Diode pumped alkali vapor lasers-DPALs)是兼有固体激光和气体激光优点的新型激光器件,具有量子效率高、光束质量好和线宽窄等特点。高频脉冲放电激励的SrCl2蒸气激光具有谱线丰富、多种机制、较好的光束质量和热分布均匀等特点。这两类激光在军事、定向能量传输、环境监测、材料处理和医疗等领域有广泛的应用前景,对它们的激光动力学过程和输出特性进行深入的理论和实验研究,具有较大的研究意义和学术价值。
本论文扼要介绍了光泵碱金属蒸气激光和卤化锶蒸气激光的发展历史及特点和应用。在深入分析和理解DPAL的实验方案、技术路线和激光机理的基础上阐述了二极管泵浦线宽与碱金属原子D2线吸收线宽的匹配条件,比较分析了LDA线宽外腔压缩的实验方法,建立了一个物理模型完整描述二极管激光抽运Rb蒸气激光的动力力学过程和激光发射机制。结合实验参量,经理论估算和查阅文献,获得了求解模型所需的各种微观碰撞过程的速率系数和辐射跃迁等相关数据,数值求解出Rb原子有关能级粒子数密度和腔内、外光子数密度等微观参量演化过程,激光输出功率和效率与泵浦光、激光腔和缓冲气压等参量的关系,深刻阐明了该类激光的粒子数反转机制和激光发射的物理图象。
分别建立了基于DPAL的MOPA系统的物理模型和用于计算Cs原子D1和D2吸收线谱线线型的物理模型。给出了振荡池和放大池中碱金属原子有关能级粒子数密度的速率方程和相关动力学过程的速率系数及光学跃迁参量等,通过求解一定实验条件下的MOPA系统模型,得到了与实验基本一致的模拟结果,进一步计算模拟了蒸气池长度、温度、种子光功率、缓冲气体压强对激光放大功率的影响,得到了一组优化的工作参数。Cs原子吸收谱线线型的物理模型考虑了碱金属原子D1和D2线的超精细结构分裂对光谱线型和吸收截面的影响,计算和分析了谱线中心频率偏移和超精细结构跃迁各组分的谱线线型,以及缓冲气体压强对铯原子D1线和D2线的吸收线宽的影响。
在延续前期对碱土金属激光的理论和实验研究的基础上,设计加工了新型的激光放电管,建立了流动式纵向高频脉冲放电激励的He-SrCl2蒸气激光实验装置,并对流动式He-SrCl2激光的工作特性进行了详细的分析和探讨。利用温控仪测得的放电管外保温棉温度作为边界条件,计算分析了激光管的径向温度分布,得到了输出功率随工作温度和SrCl2蒸气压的变化曲线。测量和分析了不同激光输出功率下放电电流脉冲和各个激光脉冲的时间演化行为,以及激光束光斑模式在不同输出功率时的变化。
Diode pumped alkali vapor lasers(DPAL), as a new class of laser device which both have the advantage of solid laser and vapor laser, also have some desirable features including the high quantum efficiency, the good optical quality of gain medium(vapor) and the narrow line-width. The SrCl2 vapor laser excited by high repetition rate pulsed discharge has the characteristics of multiple laser lines with higher efficiency and higher output power, multi-mechanism, and uniformity of the heat distribution. These lasers could find many potential applications in micro-electronic technology, medical treatment, material processing, military technology, laser cooling, directional energy transmission and so on.
A brief introduction on the develop history and applications of optically pumped alkali vapor laser and strontium vapor laser was presented. On the basis of understanding and analyzing the mechanism and technical approach of DPAL, the matching condition of the spectral bandwidth of diode pump source with that of alkali metal atom D2 absorption line was illustrated, and a physical model to describe the kinetics and laser mechanism of diode pumped Rb vapor laser was established. In reference to the parameters in experiments, the influence of parameters of the pump laser, the output coupler reflectivity, the cell length, the temperature and the buffer gases on the output power and the optical-optical efficiency were analyzed.
A physical model to describe the kinetic and the laser amplification processes of The MOPA (Master oscillator power amplifier) system design based on DPAL was established. By means of relative experiment parameters and the numerical method, the simulation result agrees well with that of experiment, on the basis of which the influence of some parameters such as the temperature, the pump power on the output characteristics of the system were further calculated and analyzed. A set of optimized parameters was obtained for designing an efficient diode pumped alkali laser MOPA system. The physical model of Cs atom absorption spectrum simulated the absorption spectrum of Cs D1 and D2 lines considering the effects of hyperfine splitting and pressure broadening. The hyperfine splitting induces the shift of hyperfine transition wavelength from the center wavelength. The simulation results provide an instruction for matching the spectral bandwidth of diode pump source with that of Cs D2 absorption line.
Based on our previous theoretical and experimental investigations of alkaline-earth metal vapor lasers, a novel constructive discharge tube was designed, and the characteristics of a flowing He-SrCl2 vapor laser excited by HRR pulsed discharge was experimentally investigated. The multi-line output power as a function of the working temperature and the vapor pressure of SrCl2 was presented by calculating the radial temperature distribution of the laser tube. The temporal behaviors of the discharge current pulse and each laser pulses, as well as the spot mode of the laser beams are measured and analyzed under different laser output power.
本论文扼要介绍了光泵碱金属蒸气激光和卤化锶蒸气激光的发展历史及特点和应用。在深入分析和理解DPAL的实验方案、技术路线和激光机理的基础上阐述了二极管泵浦线宽与碱金属原子D2线吸收线宽的匹配条件,比较分析了LDA线宽外腔压缩的实验方法,建立了一个物理模型完整描述二极管激光抽运Rb蒸气激光的动力力学过程和激光发射机制。结合实验参量,经理论估算和查阅文献,获得了求解模型所需的各种微观碰撞过程的速率系数和辐射跃迁等相关数据,数值求解出Rb原子有关能级粒子数密度和腔内、外光子数密度等微观参量演化过程,激光输出功率和效率与泵浦光、激光腔和缓冲气压等参量的关系,深刻阐明了该类激光的粒子数反转机制和激光发射的物理图象。
分别建立了基于DPAL的MOPA系统的物理模型和用于计算Cs原子D1和D2吸收线谱线线型的物理模型。给出了振荡池和放大池中碱金属原子有关能级粒子数密度的速率方程和相关动力学过程的速率系数及光学跃迁参量等,通过求解一定实验条件下的MOPA系统模型,得到了与实验基本一致的模拟结果,进一步计算模拟了蒸气池长度、温度、种子光功率、缓冲气体压强对激光放大功率的影响,得到了一组优化的工作参数。Cs原子吸收谱线线型的物理模型考虑了碱金属原子D1和D2线的超精细结构分裂对光谱线型和吸收截面的影响,计算和分析了谱线中心频率偏移和超精细结构跃迁各组分的谱线线型,以及缓冲气体压强对铯原子D1线和D2线的吸收线宽的影响。
在延续前期对碱土金属激光的理论和实验研究的基础上,设计加工了新型的激光放电管,建立了流动式纵向高频脉冲放电激励的He-SrCl2蒸气激光实验装置,并对流动式He-SrCl2激光的工作特性进行了详细的分析和探讨。利用温控仪测得的放电管外保温棉温度作为边界条件,计算分析了激光管的径向温度分布,得到了输出功率随工作温度和SrCl2蒸气压的变化曲线。测量和分析了不同激光输出功率下放电电流脉冲和各个激光脉冲的时间演化行为,以及激光束光斑模式在不同输出功率时的变化。
Diode pumped alkali vapor lasers(DPAL), as a new class of laser device which both have the advantage of solid laser and vapor laser, also have some desirable features including the high quantum efficiency, the good optical quality of gain medium(vapor) and the narrow line-width. The SrCl2 vapor laser excited by high repetition rate pulsed discharge has the characteristics of multiple laser lines with higher efficiency and higher output power, multi-mechanism, and uniformity of the heat distribution. These lasers could find many potential applications in micro-electronic technology, medical treatment, material processing, military technology, laser cooling, directional energy transmission and so on.
A brief introduction on the develop history and applications of optically pumped alkali vapor laser and strontium vapor laser was presented. On the basis of understanding and analyzing the mechanism and technical approach of DPAL, the matching condition of the spectral bandwidth of diode pump source with that of alkali metal atom D2 absorption line was illustrated, and a physical model to describe the kinetics and laser mechanism of diode pumped Rb vapor laser was established. In reference to the parameters in experiments, the influence of parameters of the pump laser, the output coupler reflectivity, the cell length, the temperature and the buffer gases on the output power and the optical-optical efficiency were analyzed.
A physical model to describe the kinetic and the laser amplification processes of The MOPA (Master oscillator power amplifier) system design based on DPAL was established. By means of relative experiment parameters and the numerical method, the simulation result agrees well with that of experiment, on the basis of which the influence of some parameters such as the temperature, the pump power on the output characteristics of the system were further calculated and analyzed. A set of optimized parameters was obtained for designing an efficient diode pumped alkali laser MOPA system. The physical model of Cs atom absorption spectrum simulated the absorption spectrum of Cs D1 and D2 lines considering the effects of hyperfine splitting and pressure broadening. The hyperfine splitting induces the shift of hyperfine transition wavelength from the center wavelength. The simulation results provide an instruction for matching the spectral bandwidth of diode pump source with that of Cs D2 absorption line.
Based on our previous theoretical and experimental investigations of alkaline-earth metal vapor lasers, a novel constructive discharge tube was designed, and the characteristics of a flowing He-SrCl2 vapor laser excited by HRR pulsed discharge was experimentally investigated. The multi-line output power as a function of the working temperature and the vapor pressure of SrCl2 was presented by calculating the radial temperature distribution of the laser tube. The temporal behaviors of the discharge current pulse and each laser pulses, as well as the spot mode of the laser beams are measured and analyzed under different laser output power.
引文
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[1]W. F. Krupke, R. J. Beach, V. K. Kanz, and S. A. Payne, "Resonance transition 795-nm rubidium laser," Optics Letters,2003,28 (23):2336-2338.
[2]W. F. Krupke, R. J. Beach, V. K. Kanz, and S. A. Payne, "DPAL:A new class of CW, near-infrared, high-power diode-pumped alkali (vapor) lasers," Gas and Chemical Lasers, and Applications Iii, Bellingham,2004,5334:156-167.
[3]R. H. Page, R. J. Beach, V. K. Kanz, and W. F. Krupke, "Multimode-diode-pumped gas (alkali-vapor) laser," Optics Letters,2006,31 (3):353-355.
[4]B. V. Zhdanov, T. Ehrenreich, and R. J. Knize, "Highly efficient optically pumped cesium vapor laser," Optics Communications,2006,260 (2): 696-698.
[5]B. Zhdanov, C. Maes, T. Ehrenreich, A. Havko, N. Koval, T. Meeker, B. Worker, B. Flusche, and R. J. Knize, "Optically pumped potassium laser," Optics Communications,2007,270 (2):353-355.
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[1]W. F. Krupke, R. J. Beach, V. K. Kanz, and S. A. Payne, "Resonance transition 795-nm rubidium laser," Optics Letters,2003,28 (23):2336-2338.
[2]W. F. Krupke, R. J. Beach, V. K. Kanz, and S. A. Payne, "DPAL:A new class of CW, near-infrared, high-power diode-pumped alkali (vapor) lasers," Gas and Chemical Lasers, and Applications Iii, Bellingham,2004,5334:156-167.
[3]R. H. Page, R. J. Beach, V. K. Kanz, and W. F. Krupke, "Multimode-diode-pumped gas (alkali-vapor) laser," Optics Letters,2006,31 (3):353-355.
[4]B. V. Zhdanov, T. Ehrenreich, and R. J. Knize, "Highly efficient optically pumped cesium vapor laser," Optics Communications,2006,260 (2): 696-698.
[5]B. Zhdanov, C. Maes, T. Ehrenreich, A. Havko, N. Koval, T. Meeker, B. Worker, B. Flusche, and R. J. Knize, "Optically pumped potassium laser," Optics Communications,2007,270 (2):353-355.
[6]D. A. Hostutler and W. L. Klennert, "Power enhancement of a Rubidium vapor laser with a master oscillator power amplifier," Optics Express,2008,16 (11): 8050-8053.
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[12]B. V. Zhdanov and R. J. Knize, "Alkali lasers for magnetic resonance imaging," Central European Journal of Physics,2010,8 (2):184-193.
[13]Y. Wang, T. Kasamatsu, Y. Zheng, H. Miyajima, H. Fukuoka, S. Matsuoka, M. Niigaki, H. Kubomura, T. Hiruma, and H. Kan, "Cesium vapor laser pumped by a volume-Bragg-grating coupled quasi-continuous-wave laser-diode array," Applied Physics Letters,2006,88 (14):141112-1.
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[16]B. V. Zhdanov, T. Ehrenreich, and R. J. Knize, "A laser diode array pumped cesium vapor laser-art. no.64540M," Proceedings of SPIE,2007,6454: M4540-M4540.
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[20]B. V. Zhdanov, A. Stooke, G. Boyadjian, A. Voci, and R. J. Knize, "Optically pumped caesium-Freon laser," Electronics Letters,2008,44 (12):735-736.
[21]J. Zweiback and B. Krupke, "High power diode pumped alkali vapor lasers," Proceedings of SPIE, Bellingham,2008,7005:525-525.
[22]M. K. Shaffer, B. V. Zhdanov, J. Sell, R. J. Knize, and Ieee, "Cesium Laser with Transverse Diode Laser Pumping," 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference,2009: 2739-2740.
[23]J. Zweiback, A. Komashko, and W. F. Krupke, "Alkali vapor lasers," Proceedings of SPIE,2010,7581.
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[1]B. V. Zhdanov, J. Sell, and R. J. Knize, "Multiple laser diode array pumped Cs laser with 48 W output power," Electronics Letters,2008,44 (9):582-583.
[2]E. Babcock, B. Chann, I. A. Nelson, and T. G. Walker, "Frequency-narrowed diode array bar," Applied Optics,2005,44 (15):3098-3104.
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[4]B. Zhdanov and R. J. Knize, "Diode-pumped 10 W continuous wave cesium laser," Optics Letters,2007,32 (15):2167-2169.
[5]B. V. Zhdanov, T. Ehrenreich, and R. J. Knize, "Narrowband external cavity laser diode array," Electronics Letters,2007,43 (4):221-222.
[6]B. V. Zhdanov, A. Stooke, G. Boyadjian, A. Voci, R. J. Knize, and Ieee, "17 Watts Continuous Wave Rubidium Laser," 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics & Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Vols 1-9,2008:292-293.
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[9]B. V. Zhdanov, M. K. Shaffer, and R. J. Knize, "Cs laser with unstable cavity transversely pumped by multiple diode lasers," Optics Express,2009,17(17): 14767-14770.
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[12]Z. Y. Cui, J. Nie, W. L. Chen, X. Chen, H. B. Huang, and W. P. Liu, "Design and implementation of programmable semiconductor pulse seed laser used in MOP A," Proceedings of SPIE,2011,7987.
[13]X. P. Yan, Q. Liu, X. Fu, D. S. Wang, and M. L. Gong, "Gain guiding effect in end-pumped Nd:YVO(4) MOPA lasers," Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics,2010,27 (6):1286-1290.
[14]D. Jedrzejczyk, O. Brox, F. Bugge, J. Fricke, A. Ginolas, K. Paschke, H. Wenzel, and G. Erbert, "High-power distributed-feedback tapered master-oscillator power amplifiers emitting at 1064 nm," Proceedings of SPIE, 2010,7583.
[15]D. A. Hostutler and W. L. Klennert, "Power enhancement of a Rubidium vapor laser with a master oscillator power amplifier," Optics Express,2008,16 (11): 8050-8053.
[16]B. V. Zhdanov and R. J. Knize, "Efficient diode pumped cesium vapor amplifier," Optics Communications,2008,281 (15-16):4068-4070.
[17]B. V. Zhdanov, M. K. Shaffer, and R. J. Knize, "Scaling of diode-pumped Cs laser:transverse pump, unstable cavity, MOPA," Proc. SPIE,2010,7581: 7581OF.
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[20]R. J. Beach, W. E. Krupke, V. K. Kanz, S. A. Payne, M. A. Dubinskii, and L. D. Merkle, "End-pumped continuous-wave alkali vapor lasers:experiment, model, and power scaling," Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics,2004,21 (12):2151-2163.
[1]B. V. Zhdanov and R. J. Knize, "Advanced diode-pumped alkali lasers," Proceedings of SPIE, Bellingham,2008,7022:J220-J220.
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