基于低碳经济的煤业集团产业链优化研究
|
摘要
低碳经济发展理论是目前国际上研究的热点之一。对于作为能源供给主体的煤炭企业的低碳发展也有诸多研究。煤炭作为我国经济发展所依赖的最主要的能源,其能源地位具有不可替代性。随着经济增长,我国未来对煤炭需求量将会持续增加。在未来相当长时期内,煤炭在我国能源生产与消费中所占的主体地位不会发生改变。
发展低碳经济是目前煤炭行业实现资源节约、经济发展和环境保护相协调的重要手段。研究煤炭企业的低碳经济,有利于转变企业的经济增长方式,促进煤炭资源合理开发和有效利用,缓解我国能源短缺的严峻现实。通过对国内外研究现状的分析表明,国外相关研究多集中于煤炭生态工业范畴下对具体技术和措施的实证研究,目的性强但指导意义不足。国内研究则多偏重于宏观研究,缺乏针对性和实操性。
煤业集团既是能源的生产企业,也是能源的消耗企业,如何提高能效,节约用能,减少煤矿区的碳排放,是煤炭行业走低碳经济发展道路必然面对的问题。目前我国煤炭产业传统的发展模式,存在着许多严重问题,如环境污染、煤炭资源的产出率低、利用率低、回收率低等。实践证明,产业链优化是缓解和改进这些问题的有效途径。但现有的产业链研究和实践多是仅仅停留在对“煤炭产业链”这一术语的应用阶段,缺乏系统理论,无法指导企业进行投资决策。
本文在对产业链理论进行回顾的基础上,对煤炭产业的特点和产业链的现状进行了分析。目前我国煤炭资源的不合理开发利用以及煤化工过热无序的发展,已经引发了诸多环境问题,如全球气候挑战。自2002年起兴起的国内煤炭产业链扩张热,其产生的后遗症随时间推移而逐步显现。实行产业链扩张的企业面临巨大风险,煤炭行业起伏剧烈,更严重的是会对国家能源安全产生不良影响。
本文以兖矿集团为研究对象进行了煤业集团低碳发展决策的实例研究。针对煤矿区存在的主要碳源进行了初步分析,并对目前煤矿区的碳减排潜力进行了初步掌握。在对兖矿集团主要碳排放元素碳、硫和氟进行元素流分析的基础上,结合环境影响识别和碳源分析,甄别出企业现有产业链中存在的高碳环节：原煤采掘、企业自有电厂、煤化工和电解铝。本文对甄别出的高碳环节进行更深一步的调研,还对企业自有电厂、煤化工和电解铝环节进行了物质流分析,结合调研资料提出对兖矿集团产业链低碳优化的具体建议。以产业链的低碳转型和稳定性发展为双重目标,力争实现资源、经济与环境的共赢。
Low-carbon economy is one of the hotest research issues at present. As coal's overwhelming position in energy supplying, there're lots of researches of coal low-carbon economy. As the most important and reliable energy resource for the fast economic development in China, coal can not be replaced by any other energy resources. Coal demand will increase remarkably as the rocketing up of economic development in China. It's overwhelming position in energy output and consumption will remain for a long time.
Low-carbon economy development is the key measure for coal Industry to realize a harmony relationship between resource economization, economic development and environment conservation at present. To research the low-carbon economy development of coal enterprise is beneficial for economic growth mode transformation of coal industry, promoting reasonable and effective utilization of coal resource and easing the rigorous condition of energy shortage. Foreign researches are mostly concentrated on case studies and relevant technologies and measures; these researches have detailed aims but can not provide sufficient guidance for coal low-carbon economy in China. The emphases of domestic researches are macro level; compared with foreign researches, pertinence and maneuverabilityis of domestic researches need to be increased.
Coal mine is an enterprise to produce energy, but also consume energy. How to improve energy efficiency, to save energy and to cut down carbon emissions of coal mine area is an important problem for coal industry to take low-carbon economic growth road. There exists a lot of serious problems with the traditional development model of Chinese coal industry, such as the environmental pollution, low payout rate of the coal resource, low utilization rate. As been proved by the practice, improving industry chain of coal enterprise is the best choice to relieve and solve the problems. But much of the existing research pauses to the application stage of terminology the coal industrial chain, lacking the system theory and still having vacancy, cannot induct the enterprise makes investment decision.
In this paper, on the basis of reviewing the strategic theory and the theory of the industry chain, the writer analyzed the characteristics of the coal industry in the industrial chains. Unreasonable use of coal and disordered development of coal chemical industry in China has triggered many environmental issues, such climate challenge. The sequelae caused by that take the coal chemical industry as the leading large-scale coal industrial chain since 2002 will appear gradually. It inducts huge risk of the coal enterprise and causes the coal profession to fluctuate fiercely. What's more, it even endangers the country energy security.
The paper takes Yanzhou Coal Mining Group as the research object for the case study of coal low-carbon economy. In the paper, it analyzes main coal emissions sources in coal mine area, and learned the potential of coal emission reduction at present. Based on element analysis of carbon, sulphur, and fluorin and the recognition of the environmental impacts and carbon emissions sources, the high-carbon sectors were founded. After doing material flow analysis of these high-carbon sectors, this paper provided the advises of coal low-carbon economy development, looking forward to implementing a coinstantaneous advance of economy, resource and environment.
发展低碳经济是目前煤炭行业实现资源节约、经济发展和环境保护相协调的重要手段。研究煤炭企业的低碳经济,有利于转变企业的经济增长方式,促进煤炭资源合理开发和有效利用,缓解我国能源短缺的严峻现实。通过对国内外研究现状的分析表明,国外相关研究多集中于煤炭生态工业范畴下对具体技术和措施的实证研究,目的性强但指导意义不足。国内研究则多偏重于宏观研究,缺乏针对性和实操性。
煤业集团既是能源的生产企业,也是能源的消耗企业,如何提高能效,节约用能,减少煤矿区的碳排放,是煤炭行业走低碳经济发展道路必然面对的问题。目前我国煤炭产业传统的发展模式,存在着许多严重问题,如环境污染、煤炭资源的产出率低、利用率低、回收率低等。实践证明,产业链优化是缓解和改进这些问题的有效途径。但现有的产业链研究和实践多是仅仅停留在对“煤炭产业链”这一术语的应用阶段,缺乏系统理论,无法指导企业进行投资决策。
本文在对产业链理论进行回顾的基础上,对煤炭产业的特点和产业链的现状进行了分析。目前我国煤炭资源的不合理开发利用以及煤化工过热无序的发展,已经引发了诸多环境问题,如全球气候挑战。自2002年起兴起的国内煤炭产业链扩张热,其产生的后遗症随时间推移而逐步显现。实行产业链扩张的企业面临巨大风险,煤炭行业起伏剧烈,更严重的是会对国家能源安全产生不良影响。
本文以兖矿集团为研究对象进行了煤业集团低碳发展决策的实例研究。针对煤矿区存在的主要碳源进行了初步分析,并对目前煤矿区的碳减排潜力进行了初步掌握。在对兖矿集团主要碳排放元素碳、硫和氟进行元素流分析的基础上,结合环境影响识别和碳源分析,甄别出企业现有产业链中存在的高碳环节：原煤采掘、企业自有电厂、煤化工和电解铝。本文对甄别出的高碳环节进行更深一步的调研,还对企业自有电厂、煤化工和电解铝环节进行了物质流分析,结合调研资料提出对兖矿集团产业链低碳优化的具体建议。以产业链的低碳转型和稳定性发展为双重目标,力争实现资源、经济与环境的共赢。
Low-carbon economy is one of the hotest research issues at present. As coal's overwhelming position in energy supplying, there're lots of researches of coal low-carbon economy. As the most important and reliable energy resource for the fast economic development in China, coal can not be replaced by any other energy resources. Coal demand will increase remarkably as the rocketing up of economic development in China. It's overwhelming position in energy output and consumption will remain for a long time.
Low-carbon economy development is the key measure for coal Industry to realize a harmony relationship between resource economization, economic development and environment conservation at present. To research the low-carbon economy development of coal enterprise is beneficial for economic growth mode transformation of coal industry, promoting reasonable and effective utilization of coal resource and easing the rigorous condition of energy shortage. Foreign researches are mostly concentrated on case studies and relevant technologies and measures; these researches have detailed aims but can not provide sufficient guidance for coal low-carbon economy in China. The emphases of domestic researches are macro level; compared with foreign researches, pertinence and maneuverabilityis of domestic researches need to be increased.
Coal mine is an enterprise to produce energy, but also consume energy. How to improve energy efficiency, to save energy and to cut down carbon emissions of coal mine area is an important problem for coal industry to take low-carbon economic growth road. There exists a lot of serious problems with the traditional development model of Chinese coal industry, such as the environmental pollution, low payout rate of the coal resource, low utilization rate. As been proved by the practice, improving industry chain of coal enterprise is the best choice to relieve and solve the problems. But much of the existing research pauses to the application stage of terminology the coal industrial chain, lacking the system theory and still having vacancy, cannot induct the enterprise makes investment decision.
In this paper, on the basis of reviewing the strategic theory and the theory of the industry chain, the writer analyzed the characteristics of the coal industry in the industrial chains. Unreasonable use of coal and disordered development of coal chemical industry in China has triggered many environmental issues, such climate challenge. The sequelae caused by that take the coal chemical industry as the leading large-scale coal industrial chain since 2002 will appear gradually. It inducts huge risk of the coal enterprise and causes the coal profession to fluctuate fiercely. What's more, it even endangers the country energy security.
The paper takes Yanzhou Coal Mining Group as the research object for the case study of coal low-carbon economy. In the paper, it analyzes main coal emissions sources in coal mine area, and learned the potential of coal emission reduction at present. Based on element analysis of carbon, sulphur, and fluorin and the recognition of the environmental impacts and carbon emissions sources, the high-carbon sectors were founded. After doing material flow analysis of these high-carbon sectors, this paper provided the advises of coal low-carbon economy development, looking forward to implementing a coinstantaneous advance of economy, resource and environment.
引文
[1]Bibler CJ, Marshall JS. Pilcher RC. Status of worldwide coal mine methane emissions and use[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1998,35(1-4):283-310.
[2]CCTP. Technology Options for the Near and Long Term. U. S. Climate Change Technology Progam, Washington, DC.2005.
[3]Christopher. Logistics and Value Chain Management:Strategies for Reducing Costs and Improving Services. Pitman. London.1992.
[4]Gereffi, Cdnternational Trade and Inustrial Upgrading in the Apparal Commodity Chain [J]. Journal of International Economics,1999. (48):182-187.
[5]Henri C Dekker. Value Chain AnaysisfJ]. Management Accounting Research,2003, (14):63-71.
[6]IEA. World energy outlook 2010. Http://www.iea.org/
[7]IPCC. Summary for Policymakers:Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Climate Change 2007:Vtitigation of Climate Change.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate.2007.
[8]Nolan P, Shipman A. Rui H. Coal Liquefaction, Shenhua Group and China's Energy Security [J]. European Management Journal.2004,22(2):150-164.
[9]Odum HT. Energy, environment and public policy:A guide to the analysis of systems. UNEP regional seas reports and studies No.95[R]. Nairobi:Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Centre,1988.
[10]Oman J. Dejanovi B. Tuma M. Solutions to the problem of waste deposition at a coal-fired power plant[J]. Waste Management.2002,22(6):617-623.
[11]Patrick JW. Energy for the future-Coal liquefaction for the European Environment a history of UK coal liquefaction. Fuel,1998,77(7):793-811.
[12]Panayotou T. Economic Growth and the Environmental. Economic Surrey of Europe [J]. Waste Management, 2003.22(2):45-72.
[13]Pearce DW. Turner RK. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment[M], Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1989:103-117.
[14]Shackley S. Mander S. Reiche A. Public perceptions of underground coal gasification in the United Kingdom [J]. Energy Policy,2006,34(18):3423-3433.
[15]Smekens K. Van Der Zwaan B. Atmospheric and geological COZ damage costs in energy scenarios[J]. Environmental Science & Policy,2006,9(3):217-227.
[16]Smink D, Heynen JJM. Re-use of abandoned coal mining waste deposits for the production of construction materials:A case of innovative tendering [J]. Waste Management Series,2000,1:814-824.
[17]Solveig G, Wei T. Coal cleaning:A viable strategy for reduced carbon emissions and improved environment in China? [J]. Energy Policy,2005,33(4):525-542.
[18]Stern N. Review on The economics of Climate Change [M].Cambridge University Press,2007:245-272.
[19]Stiegel GJ, Ramezan M. Hydrogen from coal gasification:An economical pathway to a sustainable energy future [J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2006.65(3-4):173-190.
[20]Webb Jim, Gile Chas. Reversing the value chain. Journal of Business Strategy,2001, (22):341-357.
[21]Whyatt JD, Metcalfe SE. Optimising the environmental benefits of emission reductions from UK coal-and oil-feed power stations:A critical loads approach [J]. Environmental Science&Policy,2004,7(6):451-463.
[22]Williams RH. Advanced energy supply technologies [M]. New York:Bureau for Development Policy, 2000:88-102.
[23]鲍健强,苗阳.陈锋.低碳经济：人类经济发展方式的新变革[J].中国工业经济,2008.,4：153-160.
[24]岑可法,姚强.煤浆燃烧、流动、传热和汽化的理论与应用技术[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,1997：45-52.
[25]陈智国,俞书伟.煤炭企业非煤产业的发展选择[J].煤矿现代化.2004，(6)：34-39.
[26]大村泉，席宝山.CDM·循环经济·协调发展[M].北京：中国市场出社,2005：82-85.
[27]董维武编译.世界煤炭生产与消费趋势[J].中国煤炭,2006，32(12)：26-57.
[28]董学清.世界煤炭产业总体呈现三大发展新态势[N].经济参考报,2004，11(10)：8..
[29]范宝营.循环经济与煤炭产业可持续发展[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社.,2006：112-124.
[30]付允，马永欢，刘怡君等.低碳经济的发展模式研究展团[J].中国人口,资源与环境.2008.18(3)：14-19.
[31]高志芳，朱书全.张晓勇等.煤炭洗选加工在环境保护和可持续发展中的作用[J].中国资源综合利用.2007，25(2)：26-29.
[32]龚勤林.产业链延伸的价格提升研究[J].价格理论与实践.2003.(3)：32-34.
[33]国家统计局工业交通统计司和国家发展和改革委员会能源局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社，2010：85-89.
[34]郝爱民,葛苏,李新生等.新型洁净型煤的工业燃烧及对大气环境质量的影响[J].煤炭转化.2000,23(4)：75-77.
[35]何强,井文涌等.环境学导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：25-28.
[36]金涌,王鑫，胡山鹰等.低碳经济：理念·实践·创新[J].中国工程科学，2008.09：4-13.
[37]李克荣,刘传庚,魏振宽.论当前我国煤炭产业的主要问题[J].管理世界，2001，(6)：31-35.
[38]李心芹,李仕明.产业链结构类型研究[J].电子科技大学学报(社会科学版).2004，(4)：25-29.
[39]林积泉,王伯铎.马俊杰等.煤炭工业企业循环经济产业链设计与环境效益研究[J].环境保护,2005，(4)：55-58.
[40]刘传庚，李克荣,魏振宽.我国煤炭产业经济发展趋势研究[J].产业经济，2000,(11)：15-19.
[41]刘尔思.关于产业链理论的再探索[J].云南财经大学学报,2006,(3)：47-52.
[42]刘贵富.产业链：内涵、特性及其表现形式[J].财经理论与实践,2006,(3)：31-36.
[43]刘贵富.产业链的重构、打造与整合[J].集团经济研究,2007,(18)：146-149.
[44]刘杰，何为军.我国矿井水处理的现状及其资源化利用[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2007.(4)：37-40.
[45]骆仲泱，王勤辉.方梦祥.煤的热电气多联产技术及工程实例[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004：1]3-115.
[46]陆刚，孙宇博等.煤炭产业链模式构建及应用研究[J].煤炭经济研究， 2005,(7)：51-56.
[47]陆钟武,岳强.物质流分析的两种方法及应用[J].有色金属再生与利用.2006,(2)：27-28.
[48]马忠海.中国几种主要能源温室气体排放系数的比较评价研究[J].北京：中国原子能利学研究院,2003,15-36.
[49]毛玉如,沈鹏,李艳萍等.基于物质流分析的低碳经济发展战略研究[J].现代化工：2008.,28(11)：9-13.
[50]煤炭工业技术委员会地质专业分会.中国西部的煤炭及煤系共伴生矿产资源[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,，28(6)：1-4.
[51]孟赤兵.循环经济是发展低碳经济的基本路径[J].国际技术经济研究,2009,(6)：67-68.
[52]潘克西.煤炭产业组织研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2002.
[53]彭成.美国煤炭工业发展趋势[J].中国煤炭,2005,(10)：49-53.
[54]孙茂远，范志强.中国煤层气开发利用现状及产业化战略选择[J].天然气工业，2007，27(3)：1-5.
[55]田山岗.中国煤炭资源有效供给能力态势分析[J].中国煤田地质，2001,增刊：3-5.
[56]万宇艳,苏瑜.基于MFA分析下的低碳经济发展战略[J].中国能源,2009,31(06)：8-11.
[57]王家瑞,王禹.产业结构链的关联与共享研究[J].上海经济研究,2001,(3)：21-25.
[58]王玖明.煤炭行业清洁生产与矿并水资源化利用[J].煤炭加工与综合利用.2006,(6)：49-53.
[59]王如松等.产业生态学基础[M].新华出版社，2006，(11)：19-26.
[60]王雪娜.我国能源类碳源排碳量估算办法研究[D].北京：北京林业大学.2006.
[611王燕芳,高晋生，吴春来.型煤粘结剂概述[J1.煤炭转化,1997，20(3)：35-39.
[62]王莹.低碳经济求解[J].晚霞,2009,16(5)：4-9.
[63]谢克昌.煤化工发展与规划[M].北京：化学工业出版社.,2005：68-75.
[64]邢继俊.发展低碳经济的公共政策研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2009.
[65]徐国泉.刘则渊，姜照华.中国碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析：1995-2004[J].中国人口、资源与环境，2006.(6)：24-26.
[66]许金新.世界煤炭产业发展态势及我国煤炭企业参与国际竞争方略[J].煤炭经济研究,2005,(7)：52-55.
[67]晏达宇.我国煤系共伴生矿产资源概况及开发利用的意义[J].煤炭加工与综合利用.2004,(6)：43-46
[68]郁义洪.产业链类型及产业链效率基准[J].经济与管理研究，2005，(11)：32-35.
[69]袁学良.炭行业循环经济发展理论及应用研究[D].济南：山东大学,2008.
[69]张德英.我国工业部门碳源排碳量估算方法研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2005.
[70]张新民,庄军,张遂安.中国煤层气地质与资源评价[M].北京：科学出版社.2002：95-102.
[71]张兴刚.醋酸：技术突破带来产能暴涨[N].中国化工报，2009,12(14)：5.
[72]庄贵阳.中国经济低碳发展的途径与潜力分析[J].国际技术经济研究，2005，,08(3)：8-12.
[73]郑亚男.资源型城市产业创新的低碳模式研究[D].保定：河北农业大学,2010.
[2]CCTP. Technology Options for the Near and Long Term. U. S. Climate Change Technology Progam, Washington, DC.2005.
[3]Christopher. Logistics and Value Chain Management:Strategies for Reducing Costs and Improving Services. Pitman. London.1992.
[4]Gereffi, Cdnternational Trade and Inustrial Upgrading in the Apparal Commodity Chain [J]. Journal of International Economics,1999. (48):182-187.
[5]Henri C Dekker. Value Chain AnaysisfJ]. Management Accounting Research,2003, (14):63-71.
[6]IEA. World energy outlook 2010. Http://www.iea.org/
[7]IPCC. Summary for Policymakers:Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Climate Change 2007:Vtitigation of Climate Change.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate.2007.
[8]Nolan P, Shipman A. Rui H. Coal Liquefaction, Shenhua Group and China's Energy Security [J]. European Management Journal.2004,22(2):150-164.
[9]Odum HT. Energy, environment and public policy:A guide to the analysis of systems. UNEP regional seas reports and studies No.95[R]. Nairobi:Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Centre,1988.
[10]Oman J. Dejanovi B. Tuma M. Solutions to the problem of waste deposition at a coal-fired power plant[J]. Waste Management.2002,22(6):617-623.
[11]Patrick JW. Energy for the future-Coal liquefaction for the European Environment a history of UK coal liquefaction. Fuel,1998,77(7):793-811.
[12]Panayotou T. Economic Growth and the Environmental. Economic Surrey of Europe [J]. Waste Management, 2003.22(2):45-72.
[13]Pearce DW. Turner RK. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment[M], Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,1989:103-117.
[14]Shackley S. Mander S. Reiche A. Public perceptions of underground coal gasification in the United Kingdom [J]. Energy Policy,2006,34(18):3423-3433.
[15]Smekens K. Van Der Zwaan B. Atmospheric and geological COZ damage costs in energy scenarios[J]. Environmental Science & Policy,2006,9(3):217-227.
[16]Smink D, Heynen JJM. Re-use of abandoned coal mining waste deposits for the production of construction materials:A case of innovative tendering [J]. Waste Management Series,2000,1:814-824.
[17]Solveig G, Wei T. Coal cleaning:A viable strategy for reduced carbon emissions and improved environment in China? [J]. Energy Policy,2005,33(4):525-542.
[18]Stern N. Review on The economics of Climate Change [M].Cambridge University Press,2007:245-272.
[19]Stiegel GJ, Ramezan M. Hydrogen from coal gasification:An economical pathway to a sustainable energy future [J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2006.65(3-4):173-190.
[20]Webb Jim, Gile Chas. Reversing the value chain. Journal of Business Strategy,2001, (22):341-357.
[21]Whyatt JD, Metcalfe SE. Optimising the environmental benefits of emission reductions from UK coal-and oil-feed power stations:A critical loads approach [J]. Environmental Science&Policy,2004,7(6):451-463.
[22]Williams RH. Advanced energy supply technologies [M]. New York:Bureau for Development Policy, 2000:88-102.
[23]鲍健强,苗阳.陈锋.低碳经济：人类经济发展方式的新变革[J].中国工业经济,2008.,4：153-160.
[24]岑可法,姚强.煤浆燃烧、流动、传热和汽化的理论与应用技术[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,1997：45-52.
[25]陈智国,俞书伟.煤炭企业非煤产业的发展选择[J].煤矿现代化.2004，(6)：34-39.
[26]大村泉，席宝山.CDM·循环经济·协调发展[M].北京：中国市场出社,2005：82-85.
[27]董维武编译.世界煤炭生产与消费趋势[J].中国煤炭,2006，32(12)：26-57.
[28]董学清.世界煤炭产业总体呈现三大发展新态势[N].经济参考报,2004，11(10)：8..
[29]范宝营.循环经济与煤炭产业可持续发展[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社.,2006：112-124.
[30]付允，马永欢，刘怡君等.低碳经济的发展模式研究展团[J].中国人口,资源与环境.2008.18(3)：14-19.
[31]高志芳，朱书全.张晓勇等.煤炭洗选加工在环境保护和可持续发展中的作用[J].中国资源综合利用.2007，25(2)：26-29.
[32]龚勤林.产业链延伸的价格提升研究[J].价格理论与实践.2003.(3)：32-34.
[33]国家统计局工业交通统计司和国家发展和改革委员会能源局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社，2010：85-89.
[34]郝爱民,葛苏,李新生等.新型洁净型煤的工业燃烧及对大气环境质量的影响[J].煤炭转化.2000,23(4)：75-77.
[35]何强,井文涌等.环境学导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：25-28.
[36]金涌,王鑫，胡山鹰等.低碳经济：理念·实践·创新[J].中国工程科学，2008.09：4-13.
[37]李克荣,刘传庚,魏振宽.论当前我国煤炭产业的主要问题[J].管理世界，2001，(6)：31-35.
[38]李心芹,李仕明.产业链结构类型研究[J].电子科技大学学报(社会科学版).2004，(4)：25-29.
[39]林积泉,王伯铎.马俊杰等.煤炭工业企业循环经济产业链设计与环境效益研究[J].环境保护,2005，(4)：55-58.
[40]刘传庚，李克荣,魏振宽.我国煤炭产业经济发展趋势研究[J].产业经济，2000,(11)：15-19.
[41]刘尔思.关于产业链理论的再探索[J].云南财经大学学报,2006,(3)：47-52.
[42]刘贵富.产业链：内涵、特性及其表现形式[J].财经理论与实践,2006,(3)：31-36.
[43]刘贵富.产业链的重构、打造与整合[J].集团经济研究,2007,(18)：146-149.
[44]刘杰，何为军.我国矿井水处理的现状及其资源化利用[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2007.(4)：37-40.
[45]骆仲泱，王勤辉.方梦祥.煤的热电气多联产技术及工程实例[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004：1]3-115.
[46]陆刚，孙宇博等.煤炭产业链模式构建及应用研究[J].煤炭经济研究， 2005,(7)：51-56.
[47]陆钟武,岳强.物质流分析的两种方法及应用[J].有色金属再生与利用.2006,(2)：27-28.
[48]马忠海.中国几种主要能源温室气体排放系数的比较评价研究[J].北京：中国原子能利学研究院,2003,15-36.
[49]毛玉如,沈鹏,李艳萍等.基于物质流分析的低碳经济发展战略研究[J].现代化工：2008.,28(11)：9-13.
[50]煤炭工业技术委员会地质专业分会.中国西部的煤炭及煤系共伴生矿产资源[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,，28(6)：1-4.
[51]孟赤兵.循环经济是发展低碳经济的基本路径[J].国际技术经济研究,2009,(6)：67-68.
[52]潘克西.煤炭产业组织研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2002.
[53]彭成.美国煤炭工业发展趋势[J].中国煤炭,2005,(10)：49-53.
[54]孙茂远，范志强.中国煤层气开发利用现状及产业化战略选择[J].天然气工业，2007，27(3)：1-5.
[55]田山岗.中国煤炭资源有效供给能力态势分析[J].中国煤田地质，2001,增刊：3-5.
[56]万宇艳,苏瑜.基于MFA分析下的低碳经济发展战略[J].中国能源,2009,31(06)：8-11.
[57]王家瑞,王禹.产业结构链的关联与共享研究[J].上海经济研究,2001,(3)：21-25.
[58]王玖明.煤炭行业清洁生产与矿并水资源化利用[J].煤炭加工与综合利用.2006,(6)：49-53.
[59]王如松等.产业生态学基础[M].新华出版社，2006，(11)：19-26.
[60]王雪娜.我国能源类碳源排碳量估算办法研究[D].北京：北京林业大学.2006.
[611王燕芳,高晋生，吴春来.型煤粘结剂概述[J1.煤炭转化,1997，20(3)：35-39.
[62]王莹.低碳经济求解[J].晚霞,2009,16(5)：4-9.
[63]谢克昌.煤化工发展与规划[M].北京：化学工业出版社.,2005：68-75.
[64]邢继俊.发展低碳经济的公共政策研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2009.
[65]徐国泉.刘则渊，姜照华.中国碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析：1995-2004[J].中国人口、资源与环境，2006.(6)：24-26.
[66]许金新.世界煤炭产业发展态势及我国煤炭企业参与国际竞争方略[J].煤炭经济研究,2005,(7)：52-55.
[67]晏达宇.我国煤系共伴生矿产资源概况及开发利用的意义[J].煤炭加工与综合利用.2004,(6)：43-46
[68]郁义洪.产业链类型及产业链效率基准[J].经济与管理研究，2005，(11)：32-35.
[69]袁学良.炭行业循环经济发展理论及应用研究[D].济南：山东大学,2008.
[69]张德英.我国工业部门碳源排碳量估算方法研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2005.
[70]张新民,庄军,张遂安.中国煤层气地质与资源评价[M].北京：科学出版社.2002：95-102.
[71]张兴刚.醋酸：技术突破带来产能暴涨[N].中国化工报，2009,12(14)：5.
[72]庄贵阳.中国经济低碳发展的途径与潜力分析[J].国际技术经济研究，2005，,08(3)：8-12.
[73]郑亚男.资源型城市产业创新的低碳模式研究[D].保定：河北农业大学,2010.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |