企业内部及企业之间物质循环的研究
|
摘要
本文以工业生态学、生态学和系统工程等理论为指导，定量研究企业内部、企业之间的物质循环问题，探索物质流动规律及其对资源、环境的影响，并把理论研究成果应用于钢铁企业资源与环境问题的分析以及生态工业园的定量评价等方面，为企业与区域节约资源、改善环境提供了一种新的方法和思路。主要内容如下：
1．提出了生产流程的基准元素流图。以此为基础，分析了偏离基准元素流图的元素流对该元素资源效率的影响，建立了流程与工序间的元素资源效率的关系式，流程与工序间的元素环境效率的关系式，以及流程的元素资源效率与元素环境效率间的关系式。该研究揭示了生产流程内元素的流动规律，为分析各种生产流程的元素流对资源与环境的影响，以及制定提高流程资源效率、改善环境的措施奠定了基础。
2．以钢铁生产流程为例，分析了各股铁流对流程铁资源效率的影响、工序铁资源效率的变化对流程铁资源效率的影响，以及工序铁环境效率的变化对流程铁环境效率的影响。理清了钢铁生产流程中铁资源效率、铁环境效率和废钢指数三者的关系。分析了典型钢铁生产流程的铁资源效率，以及电炉钢比对混合生产流程铁资源效率的影响，讨论了中、美、日三国钢铁工业的铁资源效率与电炉钢比的关系。
3．以工业代谢理论为基础，给出了企业的元素工业代谢分析的方法与步骤。作为应用实例，计算了某钢铁企业各工序、各股物流铁量，编制了该企业铁元素收支平衡表，绘制了钢铁生产铁流图，理清了输入、输出该企业的各股铁流的来龙去脉。分析了该企业哪些副产品、废品被排放，哪些被利用，以及它们对企业铁资源效率和铁环境效率的影响，并提出了企业降耗减排的措施。
4．讨论了生物群落关联度的不同计算方法。以此为基础，提出了衡量生态工业园内企业间相互连接关系及其密切程度的重要指标——园区企业间生态关联度，并给出了它的计算公式。以国内外的一些生态工业园和工业园为例，计算了它们的园区企业间生态关联度，分析了传统工业向生态工业转型的必要性，对比了生物群落关联度与生态工业园的园区企业间关联度，讨论了生态工业园的食物网结构与园区企业间生态关联度的关系，并给出了提高园区企业间生态关联度的
The material recycling within and among enterprises was studied in the light of industrial ecology, ecology and system engineering. The influence of material recycling on resource and environmental indicators was explored. The results of the study were applied to steel enterprise and Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). A set of new methods and ideas is presented for saving resources and improving environment in enterprises and region. The main contents are as follows:
1. A standard element flow diagram of a manufacturing process was launched. The influence of element flow deviated in various ways from standard element flow diagram on the element resource efficiency was analyzed. The relationship between element resource efficiency of a manufacturing process and that of its unit processes was given. Similarly, the relationship between element environment efficiency of a manufacturing process and that of its unit processes was also given. In addition, the relationship between element resource efficiency and element environment efficiency of a manufacturing process was given too. The results of the study lay the foundations for analyzing the influence of element flow on resource and environmental indicators in all kinds of manufacturing processes.
2. By using the data of a steel plant, the influence of iron flow in the steel manufacturing process on its iron resource efficiency was analyzed as an example. The influence of iron resource efficiency of unit process on that of its manufacturing process was analyzed. Similarly, The influence of iron environment efficiency of unit process on that of its manufacturing process was also analyzed. The relationship among iron resources efficiency, iron environment efficiency and steel scrap index in a steel manufacturing process was raveled. The iron resource efficiencies of the BF-BOF, EAF and mixed manufacturing process were discussed. And the influence of the EAF/steel ratio on iron resource efficiency in the mixed manufacturing process was also discussed. Meanwhile, the relationship between iron resources efficiency and the EAF/steel ratio of steel industry in China, USA and Japan was discussed.
3. The method and step of industrial metabolism analysis for an element in an enterprise were given on the basis of industrial metabolism. The industrial metabolism
1．提出了生产流程的基准元素流图。以此为基础，分析了偏离基准元素流图的元素流对该元素资源效率的影响，建立了流程与工序间的元素资源效率的关系式，流程与工序间的元素环境效率的关系式，以及流程的元素资源效率与元素环境效率间的关系式。该研究揭示了生产流程内元素的流动规律，为分析各种生产流程的元素流对资源与环境的影响，以及制定提高流程资源效率、改善环境的措施奠定了基础。
2．以钢铁生产流程为例，分析了各股铁流对流程铁资源效率的影响、工序铁资源效率的变化对流程铁资源效率的影响，以及工序铁环境效率的变化对流程铁环境效率的影响。理清了钢铁生产流程中铁资源效率、铁环境效率和废钢指数三者的关系。分析了典型钢铁生产流程的铁资源效率，以及电炉钢比对混合生产流程铁资源效率的影响，讨论了中、美、日三国钢铁工业的铁资源效率与电炉钢比的关系。
3．以工业代谢理论为基础，给出了企业的元素工业代谢分析的方法与步骤。作为应用实例，计算了某钢铁企业各工序、各股物流铁量，编制了该企业铁元素收支平衡表，绘制了钢铁生产铁流图，理清了输入、输出该企业的各股铁流的来龙去脉。分析了该企业哪些副产品、废品被排放，哪些被利用，以及它们对企业铁资源效率和铁环境效率的影响，并提出了企业降耗减排的措施。
4．讨论了生物群落关联度的不同计算方法。以此为基础，提出了衡量生态工业园内企业间相互连接关系及其密切程度的重要指标——园区企业间生态关联度，并给出了它的计算公式。以国内外的一些生态工业园和工业园为例，计算了它们的园区企业间生态关联度，分析了传统工业向生态工业转型的必要性，对比了生物群落关联度与生态工业园的园区企业间关联度，讨论了生态工业园的食物网结构与园区企业间生态关联度的关系，并给出了提高园区企业间生态关联度的
The material recycling within and among enterprises was studied in the light of industrial ecology, ecology and system engineering. The influence of material recycling on resource and environmental indicators was explored. The results of the study were applied to steel enterprise and Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). A set of new methods and ideas is presented for saving resources and improving environment in enterprises and region. The main contents are as follows:
1. A standard element flow diagram of a manufacturing process was launched. The influence of element flow deviated in various ways from standard element flow diagram on the element resource efficiency was analyzed. The relationship between element resource efficiency of a manufacturing process and that of its unit processes was given. Similarly, the relationship between element environment efficiency of a manufacturing process and that of its unit processes was also given. In addition, the relationship between element resource efficiency and element environment efficiency of a manufacturing process was given too. The results of the study lay the foundations for analyzing the influence of element flow on resource and environmental indicators in all kinds of manufacturing processes.
2. By using the data of a steel plant, the influence of iron flow in the steel manufacturing process on its iron resource efficiency was analyzed as an example. The influence of iron resource efficiency of unit process on that of its manufacturing process was analyzed. Similarly, The influence of iron environment efficiency of unit process on that of its manufacturing process was also analyzed. The relationship among iron resources efficiency, iron environment efficiency and steel scrap index in a steel manufacturing process was raveled. The iron resource efficiencies of the BF-BOF, EAF and mixed manufacturing process were discussed. And the influence of the EAF/steel ratio on iron resource efficiency in the mixed manufacturing process was also discussed. Meanwhile, the relationship between iron resources efficiency and the EAF/steel ratio of steel industry in China, USA and Japan was discussed.
3. The method and step of industrial metabolism analysis for an element in an enterprise were given on the basis of industrial metabolism. The industrial metabolism
引文
1．蕾切尔·卡逊著[美]，吕瑞兰，李长生译．寂静的春天[M]．吉林：吉林人民出版社，1997,12
2. K.B. Boulding. The Economics of the coming spaceship Earth[M]. London. Earth scan Publications Ltd, 1992:27-35
3．丹尼斯·米都斯等著[美]，增长的极限[M]．吉林：李宝恒译．吉林人民出版社，1997,12
4．《人类环境宣言》．联合国人类环境会议[EB/OL]．http://theglobe.ep.net.cn/library/huanbao130.htm
5．世界环境与发展委员会著．王之佳，柯金良译．我们共同的未来[M]．吉林：吉林人民出版社，1997,12
6．《里约环境宣言》[EB/OL]．http://www.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-08/21/content_533123.htm．
7．《21世纪议程》．21世纪议程联合国环境与发展大会于1992年6月14日在里约热内卢通过[EB/OL]．http://www.jiande.gov.cn/subweb/huanbao
8．《中国21世纪议程》编制领导小组．《中国21世纪议程——中国21世纪人口、 环境与发展白皮书》[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1994．
9．《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》人民网,2003,10，14[EB/OL]．http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/1024/2145119.html
10．胡锦涛总书记在中共中央政治局进行第二十三次集体学习的讲话，摘自《央视国际》[EB/OL]．http://www.sdinfo.net.cn/luntan/content/T5100.htm
11．温家宝总理在全国建设节约型社会电视电话会议上的讲话．摘自《人民日报》 [EB/OL]．http://www.sdinfo.net.cn/luntan/content/T5101.htm
12．中国社科院．中国十五产业发展大思路[M]．北京：中国经济出版社,2000,1．
13．欧阳新年．循环经济：与自然和谐的经济发展模式[J]．北京市经济管理干部学院学报，2005，20(1)：14-19．
14．林伦．呼唤资源节约型社会[J]．中国石油企业,2004,(5)：29-33
15．2000年全国环境统计公报[EB/OL]．http://www.bzhbj.gov.cn/show.php?id=128
16. T.E.Graedel, B.R.Allenby. Industrial Ecology[M]. New Jersey: Prentice hall. 2003
17. R.J. Cote. A primer on industrial ecosystems[EB/OL].http://mgmt.dal.ca/sres/primer.pdf18．陆钟武．物质流分析的跟踪观察法[J]．中国工程科学,2006,(1)
19．毛建素，陆钟武．物质循环流动与价值循环流动[J]．材料与冶金学报,2003，2(2)： 157-160
20. Spatari S, Bertram M, Fuse a K, Graedel T.E, Rechberger H. The contemporary European Zinc cycle: 1 year stocks and flows[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2003,39(2): 137-160.
21. S.Karlsson. Closing the technospheric flow of toxic metals: Modeling lead losses from a lead-acid battery system for Sweden[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology 1999,3(1):23-40.
22. S. Spatari, M. Bertram, K. Fuse, T.E. Graedel, H. Rechberger. The contemporary European copper cycle: 1 year stocks and flows[J].Ecological Economics, 2002,42:27-42
23. R.U. Ayres. Industrial metabolism: theory and policy, the greening of industrial ecosystems[M]. B.R, Allenby, D.J.Richard. Washington D. C: National Academy of engingeering, 1994
24．Suren Erkman(瑞士)．徐兴元译．工业生态学[M]．北京：经济日报出版社．1994,4
25. W.M. Stigliani, ER. Jaffe. S. Anderberg. Heavy metal pollution in the Rhine River basin [J].Environment science Technology. 1993,27(5):786-792
26. S. Anderberg. Industrial metabolism and the linkages between economics,ethics and the environment[J].Ecological Economics. 1998,24:311-320
27. F. Duchein. Input-output analysis and industrial ecology. In The greening of industrial ecosystems[M]. B.R,Allenhy, D.J.Richard. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. 1994
28. L.Manfred. Primary energy and greenhouse gases embodied in Australian final consumption: an input-output analysis [J].Energy policy, 1998,26(6): 495-506
29．蔡九菊，杜涛，陆钟武，殷瑞钰，张春霞，齐渊宏．钢铁生产流程环境负荷评价体系的研究方法[J]．钢铁,2002,37(8)：66-70．
30．李立．试用投入产出法分析中国的能源消费和环境问题[J]．统计研究．1994,61(5)：56-61
31. EH. Brunner, H. Rechberger.. Practical handbook of material flow analysis[M]. Lewis Publisher, CRC press. 2004:3
32. M. Fischer-Kowalski. Society's metabolism: The intellectual history of materials flow analysis. Part Ⅰ (1860-1970) [J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,1998, 2(1):61～78.
33. M. Fischer-Kowalski, W. Huttler. Society' metabolism: The intellectual history of??materials flow analysis. Part II (1970~1998)[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1998,2(4): 107-136.
34. P.L. Daniels, S. Moore. Approaches for quantifying the metabolism of physical economies, Part I : Methodological overview [J] Journal of industrial ecology. 2001,5(4):69-91
35. P.L. Daniels. Approaches for quantifying the metabolism of physical economies : a comparative survey. Part II : review of individual approaches [J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2001, 6(1):65-85
36. R. Kleijn. Adding it all up: the sense and non-sense of bulk-MFA[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2000, 4(2):7-8
37. S. Bringezu, H. Schutz, S.Moll.Rationale for and interpretation of economy wide materials flow analysis and derived indicators[J] Journal of industrial ecology,2002,7(2):43-64
38. V. Palm, K. Jonsson. Materials flow accounting in Sweden: Material use for national consumption and for export[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2002, 7(l):81-92
39. I. Maenpaa. A. Juutinen. Material flows in Finland: Resources use in a small open economy[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2001,5(3):33-48
40. O. D. Marco, G. Lagioia, E. P. Mazzacane. Materials flow analysis of the Italian economy[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2000, 4(2):55-70
41. E. Hansen, C.Lassen. Experience with the use of substance flow analysis in Denmark[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2002, 6(3-4): 201-219
42. R. Kleijn, R. Huele, E. van der Voet. Dynamic substance flow analysis: the delaying mechanism of stocks, with the case of PVC in Sweden[J]. Ecological Economics. 2000,32:241-254
43. M.Van Holderbeke, V. Timmermans. Integrated Chain Management by Applying Substance Flow Analysis in the Flemish Region of Belgium[J]. Corporate Environmental Strategy. 2002,9(3):297-304
44. Rene Kleijn, E. van der Voet. The relation between bulk-MFA and SFA[EB/OL]. http://www.utexas.edu/research/ceer/greenmaterial/Additional/Kleijn_MFA_SFA.pdf:1-17
45. JJ. Lee, P.O. Callaghan, D. Aleen. Critical review of life cycle analysis and assessment techniques and their application to commercial activities[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 1995,3:37-56
46. S. Ross, D. Evans. Use of life cycle assessment in environmental management[J]. Environmental management. 2002,29(1): 132-142
47. J. Kasai. Life cycle assessment, evaluation method for sustainable development[J]. JSAE Review. 1999,20:387-393
48. R. Heijungsr. Environmental life cycle assessment of products: backgrounds. Leiden:Multicopy[A]. 1992,57-101
49. R. Heijungsr. Environmental life cycle assessment of products: Guide. Leiden: Multicopy[A]. 1992,65-89
50. R.U. Areys. Life cycle analysis: a critique resources[J]. Resource conservation and recycling. 1995,14:199-233
51. ISO 14000, Environmental management life cycle assessment goal and scope definition inventory analysis.
52. G Rebitzer, T. Ekvall, R. Frischknecht, D. Hunkeler, G. Norris,J. Rydberg, W.P. Schmidt,S. Suh, B.R Weidema, D.W. Pennington . Life cycle assessment Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications[J]. Environment International. 2004,30:701-720
53. A.H. Verschoor, L. Reijnders. The use of life cycle methods by seven major companies[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1999,7:375-382
54. M. Lundin, G.M. Morrison. A life cycle assessment based procedure for development of environmental sustainability indicators for urban water systems[J]. Urban Water. 2002, 4:145-152
55. T. Ekvall. Key methodological issues for life cycle inventory analysis of paper recycling[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1999,7:281-294
56．陆钟武．钢铁产品生命周期的铁流分析——关于铁排放源头指标等问题的基础研究[J]．金属学报，2002，38(1)：58-68
57．陆钟武．关于钢铁工业废钢资源的基础研究[J]．金属学报．2000,36(7)：728-734
58. L.A.J. Joosten, M.P. Hekkert, E.Worrel, W.C.Turkenburg. STREAMS: a new method for analyzing material flows through society [J]. Resources conservation and recycling. 1999,27:249-266
59. Michaelis, P. and Jackson, T.. Material and energy flow through the UK iron and steel sector. Part1: 1954-1994[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2000a,29: 131-156.
60. Michaelis, P. and Jackson, T. Material and energy flow through the UK iron and steel sector Part2: 1994-2019[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2000b,29: 209-230.
61. International declaration on cleaner production[EB/OL], http: //www. uneptie. Org /pc /cp /dec laration/pdfs/english.pdf62. J.M. Gruttera, Hans-Peter. Egler. From cleaner production to sustainable industrial production modes[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2004,12:249-256
63．朱慎林，赵毅红，周中平．清洁生产导论[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2001
64. Eco-efficiency and cleaner production: complementary approaches to sustainable development[A].UNEP-WBCSD. 1998.
65. L. Baas. Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems, a Dutch experience[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1998, 6:189-197
66. A. Azapagic. Developing a framework for sustainable development indicators for the mining and minerals industry [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2004, 12:639-662
67. A. Huhtala, J.J. Bouma, M. Bennett, D. Savage. Human resource development initiatives to promote sustainable investment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2003,11:677-681
68. Cleaner production: overview and background[EB/OL]. http://www.resourcesaver. com /file/toolmanager /0105UF15O9.pdf: 1-43
69. E.A. Lowe, S. Moran, A.Holmes. A field book for the development of eco-industrial parks. Report for U.S. Envieonment protection agency[A].Oakland: Indigo development international, 1995,67-72
70. E.A. Lowe. Creating by-product resources exchanges: strategies for eco-industrial parks[J]. Journal of cleaner production. 1997, 5(l,2):57-65
71 . A.J.D.Lambert, F.A. Boons. Eco-industrial parks: stimulating sustainable development in mixed industrial parks[J]. Technovation. 2002,22:471-484
72. R.P. Cote, E.Cohen-Rosenthal. Designing eco-industrial parks: a synthesis of some experiences[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1998,6:181-188
73. E.A. Lowe. Eco-industrial park handbook for Asian developing countries[EB/OL]. http://www.indigodev.com
74. S.W. Peck. Industrial ecology: from theory to practice [EB/OL]. http://newcity.ca /pages/industrial-ecology.html
75. Audra J. Potts Carr. Choctaw Eco-industrial Park: an ecological approach to industrial land-use planning and design[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1998, 42:239-257
76. E.Cohen-Rosenthal. Design eco-industrial Parks[EB/OL]. http://www. cfe. Cornell.edu/wei/EIDP/design .html
77. Canada eco-industrial parks[EB/OL]. http: //queasar. sba. dal. ca:2000/sres/BURN /centre.html78. M. Morikawa. Eco-industrial development in Japan. Indigo development working paper No.11, RPP International, Indigo development center, CA.2000[EB/OL]. http://www.indigodev.com/indigoEco-Japan.doc
79. M. Hauff, Z. Wilderer. Eco-industrial networking: a practicable approach for sustainable development in developing countries. Presentation at the Helsinki symposium on Industrial ecology and materials flows, Helsinki: 2000[EB/OL]. http://www.cef.cornell.edu/wei/haulwild.pdf
80．段宁．清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济[J]．环境科学研究．2001，14(6)：1-5
81．诸大建．从可持续发展到循环型经济[J]．世界环境．2000,3：6-12
82．周宏春．循环经济：一个值得重视的发展趋势[A]．国务院发展研究中心调查研究报告．2002,104：1-21
83．亦冬．发达国家发展循环经济的重要举措[J]．再生资源研究．2005，4：16-19
84. S. Henningsson, K. Hyde, A. Smith, M. Campbell. The value of resource efficiency in the food industry: a waste minimisation project in East Anglia, UK[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production.2004,12:505-512
85. S. Reinhard, C.A. Knox Lovell, G.J. Thijssen. Environmental efficiency with multiple environmentally detrimental variables; estimated with SFA and DEA. European[J]. Journal of Operational Research. 2000, 121:287-303
86．陆钟武，蔡九菊，于庆波，谢安国．钢铁生产流程的物流对能耗的影响[J]．金属学报,2000,36(4)：370-378．
87．殷瑞钰．冶金流程工程学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．2004,5：115-116
88．戴铁军，陆钟武．钢铁生产流程的铁流对铁资源效率的影响[J]．金属学报,2004；40(11)：1127-1132
89．陆钟武，卜庆材．我国矿产资源可持续发展战略研究——国内外废钢资源问题[A]．东北大学．2003，11
90．李秀华．2001年大中型钢铁企业基本情况[A]．中国钢铁工业协会市场调研部．2002,5
91．李碧春．提高转炉废钢比的技术措施[J]．重庆高等专科学校学报．1999， 14(1)：18-21
92．E．fritz,W．Gebert．氧气炼钢领域的里程碑和挑战[J]．钢铁．2005,40(5)：79-82
93．陆钟武．论钢铁工业的废钢资源[J]．钢铁．2002,37(4)：66-70,6
94．中国钢铁协会编．中国钢铁工业生产统计指标体系·指标目录[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．2003，11．
95．杜丽娜，李学超，刘永祥．电炉铁水热装工艺实践[J]．太钢科技,2003,4：21-24
96．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002．97．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．
98．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1990．
99．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1985．
100. Steel statistic yearbook 2002[EB/OL]. http://www.worldsteel.org
101. Steel statistic yearbook 2000[EB/OL]. http://www.worldsteel.org
102．冶金工业部长沙黑色冶金矿山研究院编．烧结设计手册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．1990,2．
103．炼钢设计参考资料编写组．炼钢设计参考资料[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．1972,11
104．王筱留主编．钢铁冶金学(炼铁部分)[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．2001，1
105．2000年重点大中型钢铁企业主要产品产量、技术经济指标[M]．北京：中国金属学会冶金工业信息中心．2001
106. W.M.stigliani,S.Anderberg. Industrial metabolism at the regional level:the Rhine basin. In: Industrial metabolism: restructuring for sustainable development[M]. R.U.Ayres, U.E.Simonis. United Nations University press,Tokyo, 1993
107. Stefan Anderberg. Industrial metabolism and the linkages between economics, ethics and the environment[J]. Ecological Economics. 1998, 24:311 - 320
108. W.G. Peter. Newman. Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning.1999, 44:219-226
109. F. Krausmann, H. Haberl. The process of industrialization from the perspective ofenergetic metabolism Socioeconomic energy flows in Austria 1830- 1995[J]. Ecological Economics.2002, 41:177-201
110. Eco-efficiency and cleaner production: complementary approaches to sustainable development[A].UNEP-WBCSD. 1998.
111．周中平，赵毅红，朱慎林．清洁生产工艺及应用实例[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2002,5
112．魏晓鹏，刘巧云，何国勤，郭春峰．推进清洁生产，实现钢铁企业的可持续发展[J]．中国冶金．2002,(5)：33-36．
113．王文生．突出重点全面治理努力实现清洁生产跨越式发展[J]．矿山环保．2001，(6)：33-34．
114．太原钢铁(集团)有限公司．太原钢铁(集团)有限公司清洁生产技术途径研究简介[J]．冶金环境保护．2000,(6)：5-7．
115．魏怀明，吕杰，杨宝玉．首钢清洁生产实践[J]．冶金环境保护．2001，(1)：87-89．
116．侯毅，杨光，郭镭．实施清洁生产，推动攀钢可持续发展[J]．四川冶金．2001，(6)：38-42117．郭廷杰．金属尾矿的综合利用[J]．中国资源综合利用，2005，(5)：40-43
118．单亦和．钢铁工业可持续发展的资源，废钢篇[J]．废钢铁．2001，(3)：1-7
119．卢和煜．关于铁资源的利用[J]．废钢铁．1998,(4)：1-6
120. W. Lowe, J.Warren. The source of value: an executive briefing and source book on industrial ecology[A]. Northwest national rich land , wash: pacific laboratory. PNNL-10943, 1998.
121. H.P. Wallner. Towards sustainable development of industry: networking, complexity and eco-clusters[J]. Journal of clearner production. 1999,(7): 49-58
122．蔡晓明、尚玉昌编著．普通生态学(下册)[M]．北京：北京大学出版社．2000,10
123．尚玉昌、蔡晓明编著．普通生态学(上册)[M]．北京：北京大学出版社．2000,2
124．阎传海、张海荣编著．宏观生态学[M]．北京：科学出版社．2003,5
125. R.A. Frosch, N.G. Gallopoulos. Towards an industrial ecology[A].In:A.D. bradshow et al: the treatment and handling of wastes, chapman and hall, London, 1992:269-291
126．邓聚龙．灰色系统(社会、经济)[M]．北京：国防工业出版社．1985，2
127．傅立．灰色系统理论及其应用[M]．北京：科学技术文献出版社．1992,10
128. R.M.May. The structure of food webs[J]. Nature. 1983,301:566-568
129. P.Yodzis. The connectance of real ecosystems[J]. Nature. 1980,284:544-545
130. R.J.Williams, N.D.Martine. Simple rules yield complex food webs[J]. Nature. 2000,404:180-183
131. S.L.Pimm, J.H.Lawton, J.E.Cohen. Food web patterns and their consequences[J]. Nature. 1991,350:669-674
132. P.H.Warren. Variation in food-web structure: the determinants of connectance[J]. The American Naturalist. 1990,136(5):689-700
133. R.T.Paine. Food webs: Road maps of interactions or grist for theoretical development? [J]. Ecology, 69(6): 1648-1654
134. J.E.Cohen. Food webs and niche space[M]. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 1978
135. F.Briand. Environmental control of food web structure[J]. Ecology. 1983,64(2): 253-263
136. D.C.Edwards, D.O.Conover, F.Sutter. Mobile predators and the structure of marine intertidal communities[J]. Ecology. 1982,63(4): 1175-1180
137. M.Rejmanek, P.Stary. Connectance in real biotic communities and critical values for stability of model ecosystems[J]. Nature. 1979,280:311-313
138．于秀娟主编．工业与生态[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2003，4139．南海国家生态工业示范园区暨华南环保科技产业园建设规划[A]．中国环境科学研究院、清华大学化学工程系．2001，10
140．罗宏、孟伟、冉圣宏．生态工业园区区——理论与实证[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2004,3
141．石河子国家生态工业园区(造纸)示范园区建设规划[A]．中国环境科学研究院．2002,6
142．沈阳铁西生态工业园区建设规划[A]．沈阳环境科学研究院、同济大学可持续发展中心、欧盟——辽宁沈阳城市规划资项目办公室．2003,12
143．抚顺矿业生态工业园区区规划[A]．清华大学生态工业研究中心、辽宁省环境科学研究院．2003,12
144．鲁成秀．生态工业园区区规划建设理论与方法研究[D]，长春东北师范大学， 硕士学位论文．2003,5
145．郑东晖．生态工业园区区的产品体系规划与物质集成[D]，北京清华大学工学，硕士学位论文．2002,6
146．程金香．生态工业园区建设中的各企业耦合研究[D]，西安西北大学，硕士学位论文．2004,6
147. Bjom Stigson. Eco-efficiency: creating more value with less impact[A].WBCSD, August,2000, ISBN2-940240-17-5.
148. Bjom Stigson. What is Eco-Efficiency? [A]. Sydney, WBCSD, 1999.
149. Bjorn Stigson. How con Eco Efficiency contribute to Sustainable Development? [A]. Oslo:WBCSD,2000.
150. J.G.. Vogtlander, A.Bijma, H.C. Brezet. Communicating the eco-efficiency of products and services by means of the eco-costs/value model[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 2002, (10):57 - 67
151．周国梅，彭昊，曹凤中．循环经济和工业生态效率指标体系[J]．城市环境与城市生态．2003,16(6)：201-203
152．卜庆才，陆钟武．钢铁工业水的资源效率研究[J]．钢铁．2003,38(12)：68-71
153．夏伯忠，邹宝丰主编．劳动经济辞典[M]．吉林：吉林人民出版社．1987,2：345
154. J.P. Painuly, H. Park, M.K. Lee, J. Noh. Promoting energy efficiency financing and ESCOs in developing countries: mechanisms and barriers[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2003,11:659-665
155．唐山市环境质量公报[A]．唐山市环境保护局．2003年，2
156．中国钢铁工业协会环保与节能工作委员会．钢铁企业环境保护统计2002[M]．北京：冶金环境监测中心．2003,8
157．陶在朴(奥)．生态包袱与生态足迹——可持续发展的重量及面积观念[M]．北京：??经济科学出版社．2003，11
158．张寿荣．可持续发展战略与我国钢铁工业的结构调整(一)[J]．钢铁研究．2002,125(2)：1-5
159．《钢铁企业燃气设计参考资料》编写组．钢铁企业燃气设计参考资料——煤气部分[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．1978
160．蒋文利．选矿厂三废利用与治理生产实践[J]．矿冶．2002，(11)：244-246
161．郭廷杰．金属尾矿的综合利用[J]．中国资源综合利用，2005，(5)：40-43
162．成爱萍．采用变压吸附工艺技术回收石灰窑气体生产二氧化碳[J]．南方钢铁．1995，(2)：24-26
163．唐奇政．利用石灰窑二氧化碳与焦化厂废氨水生产碳酸氢铵肥料[J]．环境工程．1992,9(6)：35-37
164．张锦瑞．论铁矿尾矿的资源化[J]．矿产资源．1999,15(2)：89-90
165．邓春明，肖汉宁，赵运才．尾矿废渣微晶玻璃[J]．陶瓷工程．2001，(12)：23-26
166．蔡霞．铁尾矿用作建筑材料的进展[J]．金属矿山．2000,292(10)：45-48
167．沈兴，沈朴．尾矿制彩色装饰砖[J]．适用技术市场．1999,(3)：28-29
168．张锦瑞,王伟之，郭春丽．利用铁尾矿制造建筑用砖[J]．矿山环保．2001,33(2)：14-16
169．胡俊鸽．国内外高炉炉渣综合利用技术的发展及对鞍钢的建议[J]．鞍钢技术．．2003，(3)：8-11
170．仁中兴，许桦．首钢高炉渣微粉在混凝土中的应用[J]．城市管理与科技．2003，(4)：10-13
171．秋昱．工业设备用冶金废渣隔热材料[J]．河北陶瓷．2001,29(4)：12-14
172．汤章其．利用高炉渣开发硅肥[J]．废钢铁．2003，(1)：18-19
173．宋坚民．钢渣的综合利用[J]．上海金属．1999,21(6)：45-49
174．吴启兵，杨家宽，肖波，郭晓丹．钢渣热态资源化利用新技术[J]．工业安全与环保．2001，127(9)：11-13
175．陈荣发，吴杰勇，陆申年，顾明华.硅钙镁肥的研制及在农业中的应用[J]．柳钢科技．1995，(2)：16-19
176．张钊，谢维民，邱建明．钢渣对污水中磷酸盐的去除[J]．环境工程2001，11 (4)：47-50
177．于智杰．俞海勇．李春霞．峰峰集团粉煤灰综合利用途径探讨[J]．粉煤灰．2005， (3)：27-28
178．伍贤益．利用粉煤灰生产混凝土小型空心砌块[J]．砖瓦．2005,(8)：37-39
179．刘凯，王节明，姚卫平，常朝晖．粉煤灰开发利用方向探讨[J]．山西能源与节能．2003，(3)：3-6
180．颜秋，孟令和．利用氧化铁皮生产铁红颜料和软磁铁氧体用氧化铁的可行性分??析[J]．冶金环境保护．2001，(2)：40-41
181．田守信．用后耐火材料的再生利用[J]．耐火材料．2002,36(6)：339-341
182．陈中明，李传华，凌海，李穗凡．二氧化碳的生产及综合利用[J]．精细化工中间体．2001，31(5)：9-11
183．宋师忠．资源化应用产业化开发是解决二氧化碳影响环境的根本出路[J]．中国环保产业．2003，(10)：8-11
184．郭海燕．二氧化碳的资源与应用[J]．辽阳石油化工高等专科学校学报．2001，17(2)：28-31
185．曹国君，王舒平．利用石灰窑回收的CO2作气肥效果好[J]．水泥石灰．1992,(3)：36-38
186．郭斌，庄源益．清洁生产工艺[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2003：254-255
187. M.Hattori.Environment protection of sinter[J]. Ironmaking proceedings. 1992, 51:101-106
188. J.Janz. Injecting plastic scrap into the blast furnace[J], steel times. 1999, 23 (6): 216
189. H.Lindenberg. Robstoffiches recycling yon kunststoffen als reduktiosmittel in Hochofen[J]. stahl and eisen. 1996,116(8):89-93
190. M.Wolf. Developments in steelmaking and casting 16th ATS steelmaking days[J]. Steel times. 1996,224(2):72-74
191．宋庆彬．高炉喷吹塑料技术[J]．节能．2002,237,(4)：37-41
192．李博知．高炉喷吹废塑料的现状与前景[J]．钢铁研究．2003，131(2)：57-59
193．廖洪强，钱凯．钢铁企业在城市垃圾综合利用领域的发展前景[J]．首钢科技．2002,(2)：1-4
194．廖洪强．治理“白色污染”新技术[J]．首钢科技．2002,(4)：1-4
195．《煤炭科技》编辑部．煤焦油加工工业现状及发展趋势[J]．煤炭科技．2000，10(3)：37-38
196．李翔毓．煤焦油萘的技术、市场及下游产品开发[J]．上海化工．2001，(12)：32-35
197．王永林，李好管．煤焦油沥青深加工利用综述[J]．煤化工．2001,94(1)：13-17
198．张建刚，柯子勤．利用焦化氨水生产复合肥氨化过磷酸钙[J]．河北化工．2001， (2)：44-45
199．盖忠侠，白田中．生产甲醇是山西焦炉气利用的有效途径[J]．煤化工．2002， 103(6)：15-16
200．罗克定．对改善太钢能源供用状况的探讨[J]．太钢科技．1994,(1)：19-23
201．A．N．Mathur．轮胎的氮气硫化工艺[J]．轮胎工业．1999,19(1)：32-36
202．郑春英，黄劲松．利用氧气厂的废氮气进行果蔬气调贮藏[J]．冷藏技术．1997， 80(3)：21-24203. W.Gosshandler, D.Lowe. A turbulent spray burner for assessing halon alternative fire supppressants[A]. Asme winter annual meeting New Orleans, louisiana. 1993, 11:1-8
204．李萌．充氩气的新型中空玻璃[J]．政策信息．2002，(9)：39
2. K.B. Boulding. The Economics of the coming spaceship Earth[M]. London. Earth scan Publications Ltd, 1992:27-35
3．丹尼斯·米都斯等著[美]，增长的极限[M]．吉林：李宝恒译．吉林人民出版社，1997,12
4．《人类环境宣言》．联合国人类环境会议[EB/OL]．http://theglobe.ep.net.cn/library/huanbao130.htm
5．世界环境与发展委员会著．王之佳，柯金良译．我们共同的未来[M]．吉林：吉林人民出版社，1997,12
6．《里约环境宣言》[EB/OL]．http://www.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-08/21/content_533123.htm．
7．《21世纪议程》．21世纪议程联合国环境与发展大会于1992年6月14日在里约热内卢通过[EB/OL]．http://www.jiande.gov.cn/subweb/huanbao
8．《中国21世纪议程》编制领导小组．《中国21世纪议程——中国21世纪人口、 环境与发展白皮书》[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1994．
9．《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》人民网,2003,10，14[EB/OL]．http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/1024/2145119.html
10．胡锦涛总书记在中共中央政治局进行第二十三次集体学习的讲话，摘自《央视国际》[EB/OL]．http://www.sdinfo.net.cn/luntan/content/T5100.htm
11．温家宝总理在全国建设节约型社会电视电话会议上的讲话．摘自《人民日报》 [EB/OL]．http://www.sdinfo.net.cn/luntan/content/T5101.htm
12．中国社科院．中国十五产业发展大思路[M]．北京：中国经济出版社,2000,1．
13．欧阳新年．循环经济：与自然和谐的经济发展模式[J]．北京市经济管理干部学院学报，2005，20(1)：14-19．
14．林伦．呼唤资源节约型社会[J]．中国石油企业,2004,(5)：29-33
15．2000年全国环境统计公报[EB/OL]．http://www.bzhbj.gov.cn/show.php?id=128
16. T.E.Graedel, B.R.Allenby. Industrial Ecology[M]. New Jersey: Prentice hall. 2003
17. R.J. Cote. A primer on industrial ecosystems[EB/OL].http://mgmt.dal.ca/sres/primer.pdf18．陆钟武．物质流分析的跟踪观察法[J]．中国工程科学,2006,(1)
19．毛建素，陆钟武．物质循环流动与价值循环流动[J]．材料与冶金学报,2003，2(2)： 157-160
20. Spatari S, Bertram M, Fuse a K, Graedel T.E, Rechberger H. The contemporary European Zinc cycle: 1 year stocks and flows[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2003,39(2): 137-160.
21. S.Karlsson. Closing the technospheric flow of toxic metals: Modeling lead losses from a lead-acid battery system for Sweden[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology 1999,3(1):23-40.
22. S. Spatari, M. Bertram, K. Fuse, T.E. Graedel, H. Rechberger. The contemporary European copper cycle: 1 year stocks and flows[J].Ecological Economics, 2002,42:27-42
23. R.U. Ayres. Industrial metabolism: theory and policy, the greening of industrial ecosystems[M]. B.R, Allenby, D.J.Richard. Washington D. C: National Academy of engingeering, 1994
24．Suren Erkman(瑞士)．徐兴元译．工业生态学[M]．北京：经济日报出版社．1994,4
25. W.M. Stigliani, ER. Jaffe. S. Anderberg. Heavy metal pollution in the Rhine River basin [J].Environment science Technology. 1993,27(5):786-792
26. S. Anderberg. Industrial metabolism and the linkages between economics,ethics and the environment[J].Ecological Economics. 1998,24:311-320
27. F. Duchein. Input-output analysis and industrial ecology. In The greening of industrial ecosystems[M]. B.R,Allenhy, D.J.Richard. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. 1994
28. L.Manfred. Primary energy and greenhouse gases embodied in Australian final consumption: an input-output analysis [J].Energy policy, 1998,26(6): 495-506
29．蔡九菊，杜涛，陆钟武，殷瑞钰，张春霞，齐渊宏．钢铁生产流程环境负荷评价体系的研究方法[J]．钢铁,2002,37(8)：66-70．
30．李立．试用投入产出法分析中国的能源消费和环境问题[J]．统计研究．1994,61(5)：56-61
31. EH. Brunner, H. Rechberger.. Practical handbook of material flow analysis[M]. Lewis Publisher, CRC press. 2004:3
32. M. Fischer-Kowalski. Society's metabolism: The intellectual history of materials flow analysis. Part Ⅰ (1860-1970) [J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,1998, 2(1):61～78.
33. M. Fischer-Kowalski, W. Huttler. Society' metabolism: The intellectual history of??materials flow analysis. Part II (1970~1998)[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1998,2(4): 107-136.
34. P.L. Daniels, S. Moore. Approaches for quantifying the metabolism of physical economies, Part I : Methodological overview [J] Journal of industrial ecology. 2001,5(4):69-91
35. P.L. Daniels. Approaches for quantifying the metabolism of physical economies : a comparative survey. Part II : review of individual approaches [J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2001, 6(1):65-85
36. R. Kleijn. Adding it all up: the sense and non-sense of bulk-MFA[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2000, 4(2):7-8
37. S. Bringezu, H. Schutz, S.Moll.Rationale for and interpretation of economy wide materials flow analysis and derived indicators[J] Journal of industrial ecology,2002,7(2):43-64
38. V. Palm, K. Jonsson. Materials flow accounting in Sweden: Material use for national consumption and for export[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2002, 7(l):81-92
39. I. Maenpaa. A. Juutinen. Material flows in Finland: Resources use in a small open economy[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2001,5(3):33-48
40. O. D. Marco, G. Lagioia, E. P. Mazzacane. Materials flow analysis of the Italian economy[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2000, 4(2):55-70
41. E. Hansen, C.Lassen. Experience with the use of substance flow analysis in Denmark[J]. Journal of industrial ecology. 2002, 6(3-4): 201-219
42. R. Kleijn, R. Huele, E. van der Voet. Dynamic substance flow analysis: the delaying mechanism of stocks, with the case of PVC in Sweden[J]. Ecological Economics. 2000,32:241-254
43. M.Van Holderbeke, V. Timmermans. Integrated Chain Management by Applying Substance Flow Analysis in the Flemish Region of Belgium[J]. Corporate Environmental Strategy. 2002,9(3):297-304
44. Rene Kleijn, E. van der Voet. The relation between bulk-MFA and SFA[EB/OL]. http://www.utexas.edu/research/ceer/greenmaterial/Additional/Kleijn_MFA_SFA.pdf:1-17
45. JJ. Lee, P.O. Callaghan, D. Aleen. Critical review of life cycle analysis and assessment techniques and their application to commercial activities[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 1995,3:37-56
46. S. Ross, D. Evans. Use of life cycle assessment in environmental management[J]. Environmental management. 2002,29(1): 132-142
47. J. Kasai. Life cycle assessment, evaluation method for sustainable development[J]. JSAE Review. 1999,20:387-393
48. R. Heijungsr. Environmental life cycle assessment of products: backgrounds. Leiden:Multicopy[A]. 1992,57-101
49. R. Heijungsr. Environmental life cycle assessment of products: Guide. Leiden: Multicopy[A]. 1992,65-89
50. R.U. Areys. Life cycle analysis: a critique resources[J]. Resource conservation and recycling. 1995,14:199-233
51. ISO 14000, Environmental management life cycle assessment goal and scope definition inventory analysis.
52. G Rebitzer, T. Ekvall, R. Frischknecht, D. Hunkeler, G. Norris,J. Rydberg, W.P. Schmidt,S. Suh, B.R Weidema, D.W. Pennington . Life cycle assessment Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications[J]. Environment International. 2004,30:701-720
53. A.H. Verschoor, L. Reijnders. The use of life cycle methods by seven major companies[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1999,7:375-382
54. M. Lundin, G.M. Morrison. A life cycle assessment based procedure for development of environmental sustainability indicators for urban water systems[J]. Urban Water. 2002, 4:145-152
55. T. Ekvall. Key methodological issues for life cycle inventory analysis of paper recycling[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1999,7:281-294
56．陆钟武．钢铁产品生命周期的铁流分析——关于铁排放源头指标等问题的基础研究[J]．金属学报，2002，38(1)：58-68
57．陆钟武．关于钢铁工业废钢资源的基础研究[J]．金属学报．2000,36(7)：728-734
58. L.A.J. Joosten, M.P. Hekkert, E.Worrel, W.C.Turkenburg. STREAMS: a new method for analyzing material flows through society [J]. Resources conservation and recycling. 1999,27:249-266
59. Michaelis, P. and Jackson, T.. Material and energy flow through the UK iron and steel sector. Part1: 1954-1994[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2000a,29: 131-156.
60. Michaelis, P. and Jackson, T. Material and energy flow through the UK iron and steel sector Part2: 1994-2019[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2000b,29: 209-230.
61. International declaration on cleaner production[EB/OL], http: //www. uneptie. Org /pc /cp /dec laration/pdfs/english.pdf62. J.M. Gruttera, Hans-Peter. Egler. From cleaner production to sustainable industrial production modes[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2004,12:249-256
63．朱慎林，赵毅红，周中平．清洁生产导论[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2001
64. Eco-efficiency and cleaner production: complementary approaches to sustainable development[A].UNEP-WBCSD. 1998.
65. L. Baas. Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems, a Dutch experience[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1998, 6:189-197
66. A. Azapagic. Developing a framework for sustainable development indicators for the mining and minerals industry [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2004, 12:639-662
67. A. Huhtala, J.J. Bouma, M. Bennett, D. Savage. Human resource development initiatives to promote sustainable investment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2003,11:677-681
68. Cleaner production: overview and background[EB/OL]. http://www.resourcesaver. com /file/toolmanager /0105UF15O9.pdf: 1-43
69. E.A. Lowe, S. Moran, A.Holmes. A field book for the development of eco-industrial parks. Report for U.S. Envieonment protection agency[A].Oakland: Indigo development international, 1995,67-72
70. E.A. Lowe. Creating by-product resources exchanges: strategies for eco-industrial parks[J]. Journal of cleaner production. 1997, 5(l,2):57-65
71 . A.J.D.Lambert, F.A. Boons. Eco-industrial parks: stimulating sustainable development in mixed industrial parks[J]. Technovation. 2002,22:471-484
72. R.P. Cote, E.Cohen-Rosenthal. Designing eco-industrial parks: a synthesis of some experiences[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 1998,6:181-188
73. E.A. Lowe. Eco-industrial park handbook for Asian developing countries[EB/OL]. http://www.indigodev.com
74. S.W. Peck. Industrial ecology: from theory to practice [EB/OL]. http://newcity.ca /pages/industrial-ecology.html
75. Audra J. Potts Carr. Choctaw Eco-industrial Park: an ecological approach to industrial land-use planning and design[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1998, 42:239-257
76. E.Cohen-Rosenthal. Design eco-industrial Parks[EB/OL]. http://www. cfe. Cornell.edu/wei/EIDP/design .html
77. Canada eco-industrial parks[EB/OL]. http: //queasar. sba. dal. ca:2000/sres/BURN /centre.html78. M. Morikawa. Eco-industrial development in Japan. Indigo development working paper No.11, RPP International, Indigo development center, CA.2000[EB/OL]. http://www.indigodev.com/indigoEco-Japan.doc
79. M. Hauff, Z. Wilderer. Eco-industrial networking: a practicable approach for sustainable development in developing countries. Presentation at the Helsinki symposium on Industrial ecology and materials flows, Helsinki: 2000[EB/OL]. http://www.cef.cornell.edu/wei/haulwild.pdf
80．段宁．清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济[J]．环境科学研究．2001，14(6)：1-5
81．诸大建．从可持续发展到循环型经济[J]．世界环境．2000,3：6-12
82．周宏春．循环经济：一个值得重视的发展趋势[A]．国务院发展研究中心调查研究报告．2002,104：1-21
83．亦冬．发达国家发展循环经济的重要举措[J]．再生资源研究．2005，4：16-19
84. S. Henningsson, K. Hyde, A. Smith, M. Campbell. The value of resource efficiency in the food industry: a waste minimisation project in East Anglia, UK[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production.2004,12:505-512
85. S. Reinhard, C.A. Knox Lovell, G.J. Thijssen. Environmental efficiency with multiple environmentally detrimental variables; estimated with SFA and DEA. European[J]. Journal of Operational Research. 2000, 121:287-303
86．陆钟武，蔡九菊，于庆波，谢安国．钢铁生产流程的物流对能耗的影响[J]．金属学报,2000,36(4)：370-378．
87．殷瑞钰．冶金流程工程学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．2004,5：115-116
88．戴铁军，陆钟武．钢铁生产流程的铁流对铁资源效率的影响[J]．金属学报,2004；40(11)：1127-1132
89．陆钟武，卜庆材．我国矿产资源可持续发展战略研究——国内外废钢资源问题[A]．东北大学．2003，11
90．李秀华．2001年大中型钢铁企业基本情况[A]．中国钢铁工业协会市场调研部．2002,5
91．李碧春．提高转炉废钢比的技术措施[J]．重庆高等专科学校学报．1999， 14(1)：18-21
92．E．fritz,W．Gebert．氧气炼钢领域的里程碑和挑战[J]．钢铁．2005,40(5)：79-82
93．陆钟武．论钢铁工业的废钢资源[J]．钢铁．2002,37(4)：66-70,6
94．中国钢铁协会编．中国钢铁工业生产统计指标体系·指标目录[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．2003，11．
95．杜丽娜，李学超，刘永祥．电炉铁水热装工艺实践[J]．太钢科技,2003,4：21-24
96．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002．97．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．
98．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1990．
99．中国钢铁工业年鉴编委会．中国钢铁工业年鉴[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1985．
100. Steel statistic yearbook 2002[EB/OL]. http://www.worldsteel.org
101. Steel statistic yearbook 2000[EB/OL]. http://www.worldsteel.org
102．冶金工业部长沙黑色冶金矿山研究院编．烧结设计手册[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．1990,2．
103．炼钢设计参考资料编写组．炼钢设计参考资料[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．1972,11
104．王筱留主编．钢铁冶金学(炼铁部分)[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．2001，1
105．2000年重点大中型钢铁企业主要产品产量、技术经济指标[M]．北京：中国金属学会冶金工业信息中心．2001
106. W.M.stigliani,S.Anderberg. Industrial metabolism at the regional level:the Rhine basin. In: Industrial metabolism: restructuring for sustainable development[M]. R.U.Ayres, U.E.Simonis. United Nations University press,Tokyo, 1993
107. Stefan Anderberg. Industrial metabolism and the linkages between economics, ethics and the environment[J]. Ecological Economics. 1998, 24:311 - 320
108. W.G. Peter. Newman. Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning.1999, 44:219-226
109. F. Krausmann, H. Haberl. The process of industrialization from the perspective ofenergetic metabolism Socioeconomic energy flows in Austria 1830- 1995[J]. Ecological Economics.2002, 41:177-201
110. Eco-efficiency and cleaner production: complementary approaches to sustainable development[A].UNEP-WBCSD. 1998.
111．周中平，赵毅红，朱慎林．清洁生产工艺及应用实例[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2002,5
112．魏晓鹏，刘巧云，何国勤，郭春峰．推进清洁生产，实现钢铁企业的可持续发展[J]．中国冶金．2002,(5)：33-36．
113．王文生．突出重点全面治理努力实现清洁生产跨越式发展[J]．矿山环保．2001，(6)：33-34．
114．太原钢铁(集团)有限公司．太原钢铁(集团)有限公司清洁生产技术途径研究简介[J]．冶金环境保护．2000,(6)：5-7．
115．魏怀明，吕杰，杨宝玉．首钢清洁生产实践[J]．冶金环境保护．2001，(1)：87-89．
116．侯毅，杨光，郭镭．实施清洁生产，推动攀钢可持续发展[J]．四川冶金．2001，(6)：38-42117．郭廷杰．金属尾矿的综合利用[J]．中国资源综合利用，2005，(5)：40-43
118．单亦和．钢铁工业可持续发展的资源，废钢篇[J]．废钢铁．2001，(3)：1-7
119．卢和煜．关于铁资源的利用[J]．废钢铁．1998,(4)：1-6
120. W. Lowe, J.Warren. The source of value: an executive briefing and source book on industrial ecology[A]. Northwest national rich land , wash: pacific laboratory. PNNL-10943, 1998.
121. H.P. Wallner. Towards sustainable development of industry: networking, complexity and eco-clusters[J]. Journal of clearner production. 1999,(7): 49-58
122．蔡晓明、尚玉昌编著．普通生态学(下册)[M]．北京：北京大学出版社．2000,10
123．尚玉昌、蔡晓明编著．普通生态学(上册)[M]．北京：北京大学出版社．2000,2
124．阎传海、张海荣编著．宏观生态学[M]．北京：科学出版社．2003,5
125. R.A. Frosch, N.G. Gallopoulos. Towards an industrial ecology[A].In:A.D. bradshow et al: the treatment and handling of wastes, chapman and hall, London, 1992:269-291
126．邓聚龙．灰色系统(社会、经济)[M]．北京：国防工业出版社．1985，2
127．傅立．灰色系统理论及其应用[M]．北京：科学技术文献出版社．1992,10
128. R.M.May. The structure of food webs[J]. Nature. 1983,301:566-568
129. P.Yodzis. The connectance of real ecosystems[J]. Nature. 1980,284:544-545
130. R.J.Williams, N.D.Martine. Simple rules yield complex food webs[J]. Nature. 2000,404:180-183
131. S.L.Pimm, J.H.Lawton, J.E.Cohen. Food web patterns and their consequences[J]. Nature. 1991,350:669-674
132. P.H.Warren. Variation in food-web structure: the determinants of connectance[J]. The American Naturalist. 1990,136(5):689-700
133. R.T.Paine. Food webs: Road maps of interactions or grist for theoretical development? [J]. Ecology, 69(6): 1648-1654
134. J.E.Cohen. Food webs and niche space[M]. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 1978
135. F.Briand. Environmental control of food web structure[J]. Ecology. 1983,64(2): 253-263
136. D.C.Edwards, D.O.Conover, F.Sutter. Mobile predators and the structure of marine intertidal communities[J]. Ecology. 1982,63(4): 1175-1180
137. M.Rejmanek, P.Stary. Connectance in real biotic communities and critical values for stability of model ecosystems[J]. Nature. 1979,280:311-313
138．于秀娟主编．工业与生态[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2003，4139．南海国家生态工业示范园区暨华南环保科技产业园建设规划[A]．中国环境科学研究院、清华大学化学工程系．2001，10
140．罗宏、孟伟、冉圣宏．生态工业园区区——理论与实证[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2004,3
141．石河子国家生态工业园区(造纸)示范园区建设规划[A]．中国环境科学研究院．2002,6
142．沈阳铁西生态工业园区建设规划[A]．沈阳环境科学研究院、同济大学可持续发展中心、欧盟——辽宁沈阳城市规划资项目办公室．2003,12
143．抚顺矿业生态工业园区区规划[A]．清华大学生态工业研究中心、辽宁省环境科学研究院．2003,12
144．鲁成秀．生态工业园区区规划建设理论与方法研究[D]，长春东北师范大学， 硕士学位论文．2003,5
145．郑东晖．生态工业园区区的产品体系规划与物质集成[D]，北京清华大学工学，硕士学位论文．2002,6
146．程金香．生态工业园区建设中的各企业耦合研究[D]，西安西北大学，硕士学位论文．2004,6
147. Bjom Stigson. Eco-efficiency: creating more value with less impact[A].WBCSD, August,2000, ISBN2-940240-17-5.
148. Bjom Stigson. What is Eco-Efficiency? [A]. Sydney, WBCSD, 1999.
149. Bjorn Stigson. How con Eco Efficiency contribute to Sustainable Development? [A]. Oslo:WBCSD,2000.
150. J.G.. Vogtlander, A.Bijma, H.C. Brezet. Communicating the eco-efficiency of products and services by means of the eco-costs/value model[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 2002, (10):57 - 67
151．周国梅，彭昊，曹凤中．循环经济和工业生态效率指标体系[J]．城市环境与城市生态．2003,16(6)：201-203
152．卜庆才，陆钟武．钢铁工业水的资源效率研究[J]．钢铁．2003,38(12)：68-71
153．夏伯忠，邹宝丰主编．劳动经济辞典[M]．吉林：吉林人民出版社．1987,2：345
154. J.P. Painuly, H. Park, M.K. Lee, J. Noh. Promoting energy efficiency financing and ESCOs in developing countries: mechanisms and barriers[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2003,11:659-665
155．唐山市环境质量公报[A]．唐山市环境保护局．2003年，2
156．中国钢铁工业协会环保与节能工作委员会．钢铁企业环境保护统计2002[M]．北京：冶金环境监测中心．2003,8
157．陶在朴(奥)．生态包袱与生态足迹——可持续发展的重量及面积观念[M]．北京：??经济科学出版社．2003，11
158．张寿荣．可持续发展战略与我国钢铁工业的结构调整(一)[J]．钢铁研究．2002,125(2)：1-5
159．《钢铁企业燃气设计参考资料》编写组．钢铁企业燃气设计参考资料——煤气部分[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社．1978
160．蒋文利．选矿厂三废利用与治理生产实践[J]．矿冶．2002，(11)：244-246
161．郭廷杰．金属尾矿的综合利用[J]．中国资源综合利用，2005，(5)：40-43
162．成爱萍．采用变压吸附工艺技术回收石灰窑气体生产二氧化碳[J]．南方钢铁．1995，(2)：24-26
163．唐奇政．利用石灰窑二氧化碳与焦化厂废氨水生产碳酸氢铵肥料[J]．环境工程．1992,9(6)：35-37
164．张锦瑞．论铁矿尾矿的资源化[J]．矿产资源．1999,15(2)：89-90
165．邓春明，肖汉宁，赵运才．尾矿废渣微晶玻璃[J]．陶瓷工程．2001，(12)：23-26
166．蔡霞．铁尾矿用作建筑材料的进展[J]．金属矿山．2000,292(10)：45-48
167．沈兴，沈朴．尾矿制彩色装饰砖[J]．适用技术市场．1999,(3)：28-29
168．张锦瑞,王伟之，郭春丽．利用铁尾矿制造建筑用砖[J]．矿山环保．2001,33(2)：14-16
169．胡俊鸽．国内外高炉炉渣综合利用技术的发展及对鞍钢的建议[J]．鞍钢技术．．2003，(3)：8-11
170．仁中兴，许桦．首钢高炉渣微粉在混凝土中的应用[J]．城市管理与科技．2003，(4)：10-13
171．秋昱．工业设备用冶金废渣隔热材料[J]．河北陶瓷．2001,29(4)：12-14
172．汤章其．利用高炉渣开发硅肥[J]．废钢铁．2003，(1)：18-19
173．宋坚民．钢渣的综合利用[J]．上海金属．1999,21(6)：45-49
174．吴启兵，杨家宽，肖波，郭晓丹．钢渣热态资源化利用新技术[J]．工业安全与环保．2001，127(9)：11-13
175．陈荣发，吴杰勇，陆申年，顾明华.硅钙镁肥的研制及在农业中的应用[J]．柳钢科技．1995，(2)：16-19
176．张钊，谢维民，邱建明．钢渣对污水中磷酸盐的去除[J]．环境工程2001，11 (4)：47-50
177．于智杰．俞海勇．李春霞．峰峰集团粉煤灰综合利用途径探讨[J]．粉煤灰．2005， (3)：27-28
178．伍贤益．利用粉煤灰生产混凝土小型空心砌块[J]．砖瓦．2005,(8)：37-39
179．刘凯，王节明，姚卫平，常朝晖．粉煤灰开发利用方向探讨[J]．山西能源与节能．2003，(3)：3-6
180．颜秋，孟令和．利用氧化铁皮生产铁红颜料和软磁铁氧体用氧化铁的可行性分??析[J]．冶金环境保护．2001，(2)：40-41
181．田守信．用后耐火材料的再生利用[J]．耐火材料．2002,36(6)：339-341
182．陈中明，李传华，凌海，李穗凡．二氧化碳的生产及综合利用[J]．精细化工中间体．2001，31(5)：9-11
183．宋师忠．资源化应用产业化开发是解决二氧化碳影响环境的根本出路[J]．中国环保产业．2003，(10)：8-11
184．郭海燕．二氧化碳的资源与应用[J]．辽阳石油化工高等专科学校学报．2001，17(2)：28-31
185．曹国君，王舒平．利用石灰窑回收的CO2作气肥效果好[J]．水泥石灰．1992,(3)：36-38
186．郭斌，庄源益．清洁生产工艺[M]．北京：化学工业出版社．2003：254-255
187. M.Hattori.Environment protection of sinter[J]. Ironmaking proceedings. 1992, 51:101-106
188. J.Janz. Injecting plastic scrap into the blast furnace[J], steel times. 1999, 23 (6): 216
189. H.Lindenberg. Robstoffiches recycling yon kunststoffen als reduktiosmittel in Hochofen[J]. stahl and eisen. 1996,116(8):89-93
190. M.Wolf. Developments in steelmaking and casting 16th ATS steelmaking days[J]. Steel times. 1996,224(2):72-74
191．宋庆彬．高炉喷吹塑料技术[J]．节能．2002,237,(4)：37-41
192．李博知．高炉喷吹废塑料的现状与前景[J]．钢铁研究．2003，131(2)：57-59
193．廖洪强，钱凯．钢铁企业在城市垃圾综合利用领域的发展前景[J]．首钢科技．2002,(2)：1-4
194．廖洪强．治理“白色污染”新技术[J]．首钢科技．2002,(4)：1-4
195．《煤炭科技》编辑部．煤焦油加工工业现状及发展趋势[J]．煤炭科技．2000，10(3)：37-38
196．李翔毓．煤焦油萘的技术、市场及下游产品开发[J]．上海化工．2001，(12)：32-35
197．王永林，李好管．煤焦油沥青深加工利用综述[J]．煤化工．2001,94(1)：13-17
198．张建刚，柯子勤．利用焦化氨水生产复合肥氨化过磷酸钙[J]．河北化工．2001， (2)：44-45
199．盖忠侠，白田中．生产甲醇是山西焦炉气利用的有效途径[J]．煤化工．2002， 103(6)：15-16
200．罗克定．对改善太钢能源供用状况的探讨[J]．太钢科技．1994,(1)：19-23
201．A．N．Mathur．轮胎的氮气硫化工艺[J]．轮胎工业．1999,19(1)：32-36
202．郑春英，黄劲松．利用氧气厂的废氮气进行果蔬气调贮藏[J]．冷藏技术．1997， 80(3)：21-24203. W.Gosshandler, D.Lowe. A turbulent spray burner for assessing halon alternative fire supppressants[A]. Asme winter annual meeting New Orleans, louisiana. 1993, 11:1-8
204．李萌．充氩气的新型中空玻璃[J]．政策信息．2002，(9)：39
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |