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水平井技术在濮城油田高含水开发期剩余油挖潜中研究与应用
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摘要
水平井技术在国内外得到广泛的应用,对增产和老井挖潜具有重要作用,本文将水平井技术用于中原油田濮城油田的老油藏挖潜中,濮城油田经历了20多年的高速开发后,目前已进入了高含水开发后期,常规方法在经济效益等方面已很难适应油田开发的需要。基于此,本文开展了濮城油田水平井挖潜试验的理论和应用研究,主要进行了地质再认识研究,水平井布井方式研究,水平井产能预测研究、水平井与油藏沉积特征配伍研究等内容,通过矿场试验表明,本文研究得到的方式应用是成功的,取得了很好的效果,本文的研究,取得了如下研究成果:
     1.以濮城油田沙一下1油藏为例进行高含水油藏地质特性表征研究,在单井地层精细对比分析的基础上,通过地震资料精细解释,结合开发动态资料,编绘了2m等高距、1∶5000大比例尺分砂体顶面的精细构造图;
     2.根据沙一下1砂组三角洲的沉积特点及电测曲线特征的变化,细分为水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、远砂及泥坪五种微相,依据岩心观察编制了相应的沉积相综合柱状图。通过对各流动单元油层平面和纵向上的分布特点进行精细评价,编制了有效厚度等值图和物性等值图;
     3.在三维地质模型建立的基础上,采用数值模拟方法研究目标区剩余油分布规律,研究表明濮城沙一下油藏主力小层水淹区域大,基本覆盖全区;水洗效果好,采出程度高;剩余油储量低,仅在构造高点、断层和边角油层变薄、物性较差部位分布;
     4.采用渗流力学理论计算法、与直井类比法等方法预测水平井产能;利用实际水平井生产数据回归及应用油藏数值模拟预测水平井产能的递减规律;研究结果表明水平井产量递减符合双曲递减规律。采用数值模拟方法研究主要包括水平段的长度、油层层内非均质性、水平井的泄油面积、油层厚度、能量的补充等因素对水平井开发效果的影响。通过对水平井适应性筛选技术,水平井目标区精细三维建模技术、水平井段走向优化设计及目标油藏的选择等方面的研究对规定水平井单井油藏地质设计提供理论支持;
     5.以精细油藏描述为基础,从地质特征和油藏特征入手,按构造、储层、油水关系、剩余油分布特征、产能等细节逐一把握,而后统筹考虑,筛选出适合钻水平井的油藏、井点,充分利用已有资料,动静结合,定量分析目标区油藏剩余油分布规律及潜力,优化靶区。在剩余油分布规律及潜力评价的基础上,对水平井挖潜层间干扰型、厚油藏顶部、井间水动力滞留型、断层遮挡型及井间井网不完善型剩余油进行研究,提出针对不同剩余油富集类型的水平井部署方案;
     6.通过对濮1-平1、濮5-侧平5、濮4-平1、文51-平14口水平井的实施过程中出现的实际问题进行不断的分析、研究、总结,认为开窗侧钻水平井稳产期长,可提高采收率、改善开发效果、经济效益显著,在有条件的油藏水平井挖潜技术可进一步推广应用。
Pucheng field has already entered into late high water cut stage at present since 20years of rapid development. It is very difficult for conventional methods to meet therequirements of field development in economic results. For this, horizontal welldevelopment experiment has been carried out in Pucheng field successfully. Experimentshows that after new development technique being applied in this kind of reservoir,recovery has got improved and there is more space for remaining oil development. Thetechnique is of good and wide application value in this kind of reservoir. Content that thepaper is discussing is one of technical problems needing urgent solution in high water cutfield. After fine description of reservoir and ration calibration of remaining oil, horizontalwell technique has been studied for remaining oil development. Main achievements are:
     1. Taking lower S1 reservoir as an example, characteristics of high water cut reservoirhas been studied; on the basis of fine correlation analysis of single wells, through accurateinterpretation of seismic data and combining with dynamic data of development, structuralmaps of top sands have been made in 2m vertical interval and in the scale of 1:5000.
     2. according to sedimentary features of delta of lower S1 sand and variation ofelectric log curves, it is divided into five micro facies including underwater distributarychannel, mouth bar, sand sheet, far sand and mud flat. Corresponding composite columnof sedimentary facies has been compiled according to core observation. After fineevaluation of lateral and vertical distribution of flow unit oil layer, contour maps of netpay and physical properties have been made.
     3. on the basis of 3D geologic model establishing, numerical simulation has beenadopted to study distribution law of remaining oil in target area, which shows that majorsubzone of lower S1 reservoir has wide flooded area, nearly covering the whole blockwith good rinsing effect and high recovery. Reserve of remaining oil is low which onlydistributes in structural high, the fault and the part where oil layer is thinning andpetrophysical property is becoming poor.
     4. the formula calculation method are analogy method to vertical wells are adopted topredict productivity of horizontal wells. Actual production data regression and reservoirnumerical analogue of horizontal wells are used to predict production declining law of thewells which shows that declining law coincides with hyperbolic declining law. Numericalanalogue method mainly studies the effect on horizontal well development including the factors such as horizontal length, inhomogeneity of inner oil layer, oil drain, net thicknessof horizontal well and capacity supplement. By studying application selection technique,accurate 3d modeling technique of target area, optimized strike design of horizontalinterval and target reservoir selection of horizontal well, theory support has been providedfor reservoir geologic design of horizontal single well.
     5. Base on the fine reservoir description, starting from the geological and reservoircharacteristics, in accordance with the relationship of the structure, reservoir, oil-waterrelation, remaining distribution, productivity and other details one by one to grasp andscreening suitable for the reservoirs of horizontal wells, well point, make full use ofexisting data, combining static and dynamic, and quantitative analysis of the target area ofremaining oil distribution law and the potential to optimize the target. Based on remainingoil distribution and potential evaluation to study the remaining oil of the potentialinterference type, the top of the thickness reservoir, wells hydrodynamic retention type,fault sheltered type and well network imperfections type, proposed the horizontal wellsdeployment for the remaining oil-rich type.
     6. By the analysis, research, summarize of the problems of 14 horizontal wells suchas the P1-P1 well, P5-CP5 well, P4-P1 well and Wen51-P14 well that extending the stableproduction period of sidetracking horizontal well to improve the recovery, improvedevelopment response and economic efficiency significantly, popularization andapplication of the techniques for further development of the horizontal wells.
引文
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    苏小军;辽河油田沈67断块薄互层砂岩油藏描述及剩余油分布研究[D];中国地质大学(北京);2008年
    于天忠;Oseil油田碳酸盐岩油藏裂缝描述及数值模拟研究[D];中国科学院研究生院(渗流流体力学研究所);2008年
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    金惠.川中地区上三叠统须家河组层序地层与有利储集砂体分布预测[D]中国地质大学(北京), 2010 .
    夏国朝.枣园复杂断块低流度油藏特征及稳产措施研究[D]中国地质大学(北京), 2010 .
    吴志良.复杂小断块低渗透油藏主控因素与剩余油分布规律[D]西北大学, 2010 .
    董凤娟.注水开发阶段的储层评价与油水分布规律研究[D]西北大学, 2010 .
    庞军刚.鄂尔多斯盆地子长史家畔地区延长组储层特征研究[D]西北大学, 2010 .
    李继红.复杂断块油藏地质模型与剩余油分布研究[D]西北大学, 2002 .
    张光明.开发中后期油藏精细描述与开发调整研究[D]成都理工大学, 2002 .
    谢渊.鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区上三叠统延长组层序地层与储层研究[D]成都理工大学,2002 .
    尹太举,张昌民.濮53块在开发过程中的储层动态变化[A]中国西部复杂油气藏地质与勘探技术研讨会论文集[C], 2006 .
    蔡哲.特高含水期厚层剩余油分析与配套挖潜措施[A]中国西部复杂油气藏地质与勘探技术研讨会论文集[C], 2006 .
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    王维笃,龙兴贵,杨本福,彭述明.氚的民用技术[A]第二届全国核技术及应用研究学术研讨会大会论文摘要集[C], 2009 .
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    盖丽鹏,王涛,吴丽文,姚坤乾.孤岛油田储层构型研究及应用[A]第四届胜利油田北部油区疏松砂岩油藏开发技术研讨会论文集[C], 2008 .
    张向林,刘新茹,李健,卢涛.我国油气开发监测技术进展[A]纪念中国地球物理学会成立60周年专辑[C], 2007 .
    彭勇民,黄捍东,边树涛,罗群,李群,刘敬强.东濮凹陷文138断块沙二下亚段层序地层[A]2004年全国岩石学与地球动力学研讨会论文摘要集[C], 2004 .
    李奎;肖立志;廖广志;傅少庆;张恒荣;裂缝性油气储集层NMR测井响应特征研究[A];第十六届全国波谱学学术会议论文摘要集[C];2010年
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    杨枝;塔中地区裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层保护技术研究[D];中国地质大学(北京);2010年
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