凝析气井流入动态分析方法研究
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摘要
在凝析气田的开发过程中，由于凝析气的逆行凝析，随地层压力降到露点压力以下后，气相中重烃会发生相间传质、相态变化，凝析出凝析油并大量凝聚在从气井井周到储层远处的储层多孔介质中，形成井周和储层内部的压降漏斗、渗透率漏斗、饱和度漏斗以及不易流动的圈闭凝析油，从而影响凝析气藏的开发效果。另外，凝析油气体系相态变化和渗流过程发生在地下多孔体质中，孔隙介质壁面几乎挨着流体所有分子，流休与储层介质间会发生相互作用。由于储层颗粒细、孔隙小，使储层介质具有巨大的比面积，并对流体在储层孔隙介质中的分布、渗流发生巨大的影响，引起流体存在于多孔介质中所特有的效应。而解决这些难题的基点之一，正是如何从微观和宏观上正确认识和评价凝析油气在储层多孔介质中的相态变化和渗流规律。
为此，本文在前人的研究基础上，针对多孔介质中凝析油气体系相平衡、渗流规律的研究现状，研究了考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井的流入动态，并将实例计算的结果与单井数值模拟方法计算的结果进行对比：
1、给出了考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井油气两相径向渗流数学模型，并通过引入拟压力函数的方法简化和求解模型，来描述考虑和不考虑多孔介质的气井周围产能、压力、含油饱和度和相对渗透率分布剖面。
2、在单井数值模拟中引入相态等效的方法来研究考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井井周的产能、压力、含油饱和度和相对渗透率分布剖面。
3、对比两种方法的计算结果，得出结论即本文采用的单井数值模拟的方法是合理的。
4、利用单井数值模拟的方法进行凝析气井动态预测，并对计算结果进行分析，得出结论即考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井的流体参数场分布规律与常规气井差异明显，考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井的产能和气相相对渗透率偏低，并且地层反凝析油饱和度比常规气井要高一些。
During the course of development of gas condensate fields, for the converse condensation of gas condensate, when the layer pressure is below the saturation pressure, the heavy compositions in gas phase will change and separate out a lot of oil condensate which gather in from the ^
well bottom to far porous medium to form pressure filler, permeability filler, saturation filler and oil condensate filler, and this will affect the development effect of the gas condensate reservoir, In addition, the phase change and seepage processing of oil-gas condensate system happen in the porous medium underground, the porosity medium almost gets close to the liquid molecule, therefore, transactions between liquid and porous medium will happen Grains thin and holes small, the porous mediums have great comparing area which arose the special domino effect in the porous medium To resolve all these problems, most of important is how to know and estimate the phase change and seepage theory of oil-gas condensate in porous medium every aspect
Therefore, on the base of the formers, aiming at the research actuality of oil-gas condensate phase equilibrium and seepage theory of porous medium, the paper researches the influx performance of gas condensate well considering absorption and capillary pressure, and compares the result of example with single well simulation During the courses, I did the following works:
Firstly, giving the oil-gas two phase radial seepage maths models of the gas condensate well with regard of absorption and capillary pressure, and simplifying and getting the solution of the equations by using of psedu-pressure function to describe the distributing the product, pressure, oil saturation and relative permeability.
Secondly, introduce equivalent phase state to research the
distributing of produce, pressure, oil saturation and relative permeability near the well bore with regard of absorption and capillary pressure during the course of single well numerical simulation.
Thirdly, comparing the calculation result of the two ways and get the conclusion that the way of single well simulation is reasonable.
Finally, Use the way of single well numerical simulation to carry through the oil-gas condensate well performance prediction and analyse the calculation result to draw the conclusion.
Finally, comparing the calculation result of the general gas well with the result of the gas condensate well with regard of the interface absorption and capillary pressure to draw the conclusion.
为此，本文在前人的研究基础上，针对多孔介质中凝析油气体系相平衡、渗流规律的研究现状，研究了考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井的流入动态，并将实例计算的结果与单井数值模拟方法计算的结果进行对比：
1、给出了考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井油气两相径向渗流数学模型，并通过引入拟压力函数的方法简化和求解模型，来描述考虑和不考虑多孔介质的气井周围产能、压力、含油饱和度和相对渗透率分布剖面。
2、在单井数值模拟中引入相态等效的方法来研究考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井井周的产能、压力、含油饱和度和相对渗透率分布剖面。
3、对比两种方法的计算结果，得出结论即本文采用的单井数值模拟的方法是合理的。
4、利用单井数值模拟的方法进行凝析气井动态预测，并对计算结果进行分析，得出结论即考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井的流体参数场分布规律与常规气井差异明显，考虑吸附和毛管压力的凝析气井的产能和气相相对渗透率偏低，并且地层反凝析油饱和度比常规气井要高一些。
During the course of development of gas condensate fields, for the converse condensation of gas condensate, when the layer pressure is below the saturation pressure, the heavy compositions in gas phase will change and separate out a lot of oil condensate which gather in from the ^
well bottom to far porous medium to form pressure filler, permeability filler, saturation filler and oil condensate filler, and this will affect the development effect of the gas condensate reservoir, In addition, the phase change and seepage processing of oil-gas condensate system happen in the porous medium underground, the porosity medium almost gets close to the liquid molecule, therefore, transactions between liquid and porous medium will happen Grains thin and holes small, the porous mediums have great comparing area which arose the special domino effect in the porous medium To resolve all these problems, most of important is how to know and estimate the phase change and seepage theory of oil-gas condensate in porous medium every aspect
Therefore, on the base of the formers, aiming at the research actuality of oil-gas condensate phase equilibrium and seepage theory of porous medium, the paper researches the influx performance of gas condensate well considering absorption and capillary pressure, and compares the result of example with single well simulation During the courses, I did the following works:
Firstly, giving the oil-gas two phase radial seepage maths models of the gas condensate well with regard of absorption and capillary pressure, and simplifying and getting the solution of the equations by using of psedu-pressure function to describe the distributing the product, pressure, oil saturation and relative permeability.
Secondly, introduce equivalent phase state to research the
distributing of produce, pressure, oil saturation and relative permeability near the well bore with regard of absorption and capillary pressure during the course of single well numerical simulation.
Thirdly, comparing the calculation result of the two ways and get the conclusion that the way of single well simulation is reasonable.
Finally, Use the way of single well numerical simulation to carry through the oil-gas condensate well performance prediction and analyse the calculation result to draw the conclusion.
Finally, comparing the calculation result of the general gas well with the result of the gas condensate well with regard of the interface absorption and capillary pressure to draw the conclusion.
引文
[1] Clark, C. R.: "Adsorption and Desorption of Light Paraffinic Hydrocarbons in Dry and Water-Saturated Sand-Clay Packs: Studies to Determine the Effect of these Phenomena on the P-V-T Behavior of Natural Gases and Gas Condensates in the Reservoir," PhD. Thesis U. of Kansas Lawrence, 1969.
[2] 杜建芬．“多孔介质中凝析油气体系相平衡规律和渗流规律研究”．西南石油学院97届博士论文，1997．
[3] H. G. O'Dell and R. N. Miller, "Successfully Cycling a Low-Permeability, High -yield Gas Condensate Reservoir", JPT(January 1967),41-47
[4] Roebuck, I. F., Jr., Ford, W. T., Henderson, G. E., and Douglas, Jim, Jr.: "The Compositional Reservoir Simulation: Case Ⅰ—The Linear Model," SPEJ (Mar. 1969) 115-130, Trans., AIME, 246, and also "The Compositional Reservoir Simulator: Case Ⅲ—The Radial Geometry," unpublished paper, available from core Laboratories, Inc., Dallas, Texas.
[5] Fussel, D. D.: "Single Well Performance Prediction for Gas Condensate Reservoir," JPT (July 1973)860-870, Trans., AIME, 255.
[6] Chopra, A. K. and Carter, R. D.: "Proof of the Two-Phase Steady-State Theory for Flow Through Porous Media," SPE FE (Dec. 1986) 603-07.
[7] J. R. Jones and R. Raghavan: "Interpretation of Flowing Well Response in Gas Condensate Wells," SPE FE(Sept. 1988)578-94.
[8] Bφe, A., Skjaeveland, S. M. and Whitson, C. S.: "Two-Phase Pressure Test Analysis," SPE FE (Dec. 1989) 604-10.
[9] Xiong Yu, Sun Liangtian, Li Shilun: "A New Method for Predicting the Law of Unsteady Flow Through Porous Medium on Gas Conndensate Well," paper SPE 35649 presented at the SPE Program Conference held in Calgary, Alberta. Canada, 28 April -1 May, 1996.
[10] R．T．杨．“吸附法气体分离”，化学工业出版社，1992．
[11] 北川浩，铃木谦一郎．“吸附的基础与设计”，化学工业出版社．
[12] 胡英．“近代化工热力学—应用研究的新进展”，上海科技出版社，1994．
[13] 叶振华．“化工吸附分离过程”，中国石化出版社，1992．
[14] Alan L. Myers: "Fundamentals of Adsorption," New York, 1983.
[15] T. W. Cochran, R. L. Kabel and R. P. Danner: "The Vacancy Solution Model of Adsorption—Improvements and Recommendations," AIChE Journal,31,12 (Dec. 1985), 2075-2082.
[16] T. W. Cochran, R. L. Kabel and R. P. Danner: "Vacancy Solution Theory of Adsorption Using Flory-Huggins Activity Coefficient Equations," AIChE Journal, 31,2 (Feb. 1985), 268-276.
[17] 郭天民等．“多元汽-液平衡和精馏”，第1版，化学工业出版社，1983．
[18] Larionor, O. G., A. L. Myers:"Thermodynamics of Adsorption from Nonideal Solutions of nonelectrolytes," Chem. Eng. Sci., 26(1971), 1025.
[19] Grigorig, L., Aranovich Marc D. Donohue: "A New Approach to Analysis of Multilayer Adsorption," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 173(1995), 515-520.
[20] [苏]M．T．阿巴索夫，Φ．Γ．奥鲁贾利耶夫．“凝析气田的开发及气水动力学”，第1版，北京：石油工业出版社，1993．
[21] Xiong Yu, Sun Liangtian, Li Shilun: "A New Method for Predicting the Law of Unsteady Flow Through Porous Medium on Gas Conndensate Well," paper SPE 35649 presented at the SPE Program Conference held in Calgary, Alberta. Canada, 28 April-1 May, 1996.
[22] W. Jatmiko and T. S. Daltaban: "A New Pressure Transient Well Testing Method for Gas Condensate Wells," paper SPE 39967 presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 15-18 March, 1998.
[23] 何更生．“油层物理”，石油工业出版社，1993．
[24] A．E．薛定谔．“多孔介质中的渗流物理”，石油工业出版社，1984．
[25] 黄全华．“考虑多孔介质界面影响的凝析气井渗流、试井分析及动态预测研究”西南石油学院2000届博士论文．2000．
[26] 熊钰．“凝析气井地层凝析油气两相动态流动规律及其热力学因素的影响”西南石油学院1995届硕士论文．1995．
[27] 伍轶鸣．“多孔介质中相态、渗流理论在牙哈凝析气藏开发中的应用研究”．西南石油学院1999届硕士论文．1999．
[28] 陈月明．”油藏数值模拟基础”．石油大学出版社．1989．
[29] 冯文光．“油藏数值模拟微机速算原理”．四川科学技术出版社．1991．
[30] 李允、杜志敏．”油藏数值模拟原理”．成都科技大学出版社．1992．
[31] 暮曙光、邹字等译．”油藏数值模拟”．西南石油学院中-加天然气培训中心．
[32] 张烈辉．”油藏数值模拟原理”西南石油学院石油工程系．
[33] 清克译．”油藏模拟”．新疆石油管理局工艺研究所．1983
[34] 李福垲．”黑油和组分模型的应用”．科技出版社．1996
[35] 刘昌贵．”注气提高石油采收率最优控制的理论、方法和实现”．西南石油学院2002届博士论文．2002．
[36] 张光明．”开发中后期油藏精细描述与开发调整研究”．成都理工大学2001届博士论文．2001．
[37] 倪天录．”油藏动态模型数值模拟软件研制与应用”成都理工大学2001届硕士论文．2001．
[38] 郎兆新．”油藏工程基础”石油大学出版社”．1991．
[39] E．A．Breitenbaeh．油藏模拟技术的现状．JPT．1991
[40] 彭彩珍．”油气藏剩余油饱和度分布数值模拟研究”。西南石油学院1995届硕士论文．1995．
[2] 杜建芬．“多孔介质中凝析油气体系相平衡规律和渗流规律研究”．西南石油学院97届博士论文，1997．
[3] H. G. O'Dell and R. N. Miller, "Successfully Cycling a Low-Permeability, High -yield Gas Condensate Reservoir", JPT(January 1967),41-47
[4] Roebuck, I. F., Jr., Ford, W. T., Henderson, G. E., and Douglas, Jim, Jr.: "The Compositional Reservoir Simulation: Case Ⅰ—The Linear Model," SPEJ (Mar. 1969) 115-130, Trans., AIME, 246, and also "The Compositional Reservoir Simulator: Case Ⅲ—The Radial Geometry," unpublished paper, available from core Laboratories, Inc., Dallas, Texas.
[5] Fussel, D. D.: "Single Well Performance Prediction for Gas Condensate Reservoir," JPT (July 1973)860-870, Trans., AIME, 255.
[6] Chopra, A. K. and Carter, R. D.: "Proof of the Two-Phase Steady-State Theory for Flow Through Porous Media," SPE FE (Dec. 1986) 603-07.
[7] J. R. Jones and R. Raghavan: "Interpretation of Flowing Well Response in Gas Condensate Wells," SPE FE(Sept. 1988)578-94.
[8] Bφe, A., Skjaeveland, S. M. and Whitson, C. S.: "Two-Phase Pressure Test Analysis," SPE FE (Dec. 1989) 604-10.
[9] Xiong Yu, Sun Liangtian, Li Shilun: "A New Method for Predicting the Law of Unsteady Flow Through Porous Medium on Gas Conndensate Well," paper SPE 35649 presented at the SPE Program Conference held in Calgary, Alberta. Canada, 28 April -1 May, 1996.
[10] R．T．杨．“吸附法气体分离”，化学工业出版社，1992．
[11] 北川浩，铃木谦一郎．“吸附的基础与设计”，化学工业出版社．
[12] 胡英．“近代化工热力学—应用研究的新进展”，上海科技出版社，1994．
[13] 叶振华．“化工吸附分离过程”，中国石化出版社，1992．
[14] Alan L. Myers: "Fundamentals of Adsorption," New York, 1983.
[15] T. W. Cochran, R. L. Kabel and R. P. Danner: "The Vacancy Solution Model of Adsorption—Improvements and Recommendations," AIChE Journal,31,12 (Dec. 1985), 2075-2082.
[16] T. W. Cochran, R. L. Kabel and R. P. Danner: "Vacancy Solution Theory of Adsorption Using Flory-Huggins Activity Coefficient Equations," AIChE Journal, 31,2 (Feb. 1985), 268-276.
[17] 郭天民等．“多元汽-液平衡和精馏”，第1版，化学工业出版社，1983．
[18] Larionor, O. G., A. L. Myers:"Thermodynamics of Adsorption from Nonideal Solutions of nonelectrolytes," Chem. Eng. Sci., 26(1971), 1025.
[19] Grigorig, L., Aranovich Marc D. Donohue: "A New Approach to Analysis of Multilayer Adsorption," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 173(1995), 515-520.
[20] [苏]M．T．阿巴索夫，Φ．Γ．奥鲁贾利耶夫．“凝析气田的开发及气水动力学”，第1版，北京：石油工业出版社，1993．
[21] Xiong Yu, Sun Liangtian, Li Shilun: "A New Method for Predicting the Law of Unsteady Flow Through Porous Medium on Gas Conndensate Well," paper SPE 35649 presented at the SPE Program Conference held in Calgary, Alberta. Canada, 28 April-1 May, 1996.
[22] W. Jatmiko and T. S. Daltaban: "A New Pressure Transient Well Testing Method for Gas Condensate Wells," paper SPE 39967 presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 15-18 March, 1998.
[23] 何更生．“油层物理”，石油工业出版社，1993．
[24] A．E．薛定谔．“多孔介质中的渗流物理”，石油工业出版社，1984．
[25] 黄全华．“考虑多孔介质界面影响的凝析气井渗流、试井分析及动态预测研究”西南石油学院2000届博士论文．2000．
[26] 熊钰．“凝析气井地层凝析油气两相动态流动规律及其热力学因素的影响”西南石油学院1995届硕士论文．1995．
[27] 伍轶鸣．“多孔介质中相态、渗流理论在牙哈凝析气藏开发中的应用研究”．西南石油学院1999届硕士论文．1999．
[28] 陈月明．”油藏数值模拟基础”．石油大学出版社．1989．
[29] 冯文光．“油藏数值模拟微机速算原理”．四川科学技术出版社．1991．
[30] 李允、杜志敏．”油藏数值模拟原理”．成都科技大学出版社．1992．
[31] 暮曙光、邹字等译．”油藏数值模拟”．西南石油学院中-加天然气培训中心．
[32] 张烈辉．”油藏数值模拟原理”西南石油学院石油工程系．
[33] 清克译．”油藏模拟”．新疆石油管理局工艺研究所．1983
[34] 李福垲．”黑油和组分模型的应用”．科技出版社．1996
[35] 刘昌贵．”注气提高石油采收率最优控制的理论、方法和实现”．西南石油学院2002届博士论文．2002．
[36] 张光明．”开发中后期油藏精细描述与开发调整研究”．成都理工大学2001届博士论文．2001．
[37] 倪天录．”油藏动态模型数值模拟软件研制与应用”成都理工大学2001届硕士论文．2001．
[38] 郎兆新．”油藏工程基础”石油大学出版社”．1991．
[39] E．A．Breitenbaeh．油藏模拟技术的现状．JPT．1991
[40] 彭彩珍．”油气藏剩余油饱和度分布数值模拟研究”。西南石油学院1995届硕士论文．1995．