食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的分布及其肠毒素基因的研究
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摘要
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,简称金葡菌)是引起细菌性食物中毒的重要病原菌之一,广泛存在于自然环境中,对各种理化因素都有较高的抵抗力。无论在发达国家还是在发展中国家由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒在细菌性食物中毒中均占有较大比例。在美国由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒占整个细菌性食物中毒的比例约为33%,加拿大约占45%,某些欧洲国家如匈牙利、芬兰等占50%以上,我国每年由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒事件也是屡见不鲜。
本试验通过对采自生牛乳、生鲜肉(猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉)、肉制品、水产品、速冻食品、果蔬、豆制品等510份样品,进行了金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定,结果在7类样品中均检出了该菌,金黄色葡萄球菌总检出率为21.9%,证实了该地区金黄色葡萄球菌污染食品的广泛性,同时也表明保定市及其周边地区金黄色葡萄球菌的污染程度较高,值得注意。在不同种类食品样品中,金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率存在明显差异,其中生牛乳和速冻食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率偏高,说明该菌污染这两类食品的机率较大,应该重视奶制品及速冻食品的质量问题,以免引起食源性疾病的爆发。此外,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率较低的食品种类和人们的日常饮食也是息息相关。所以,食品的卫生问题应引起高度重视。
金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒主要是由于进食了含有金黄色葡菌球菌肠毒素的食物。目前,金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素按血清学分型常可分为14型(A、B、C、D、E、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O),在爆发性食物中毒中最常见的血清型是A型。本试验设计合成金黄色葡萄球菌SEA、SEB、SEE致病基因引物,进行PCR鉴定,以研究这三种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的分布状况。在分离得到的295株金黄色葡萄球菌中,有145株菌至少含有金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)、金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B(SEB)、金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素E(SEE)中的一种。其中含SEA基因的菌株有58株,含SEB基因的菌株有69株,含SEE基因的菌株有5株;含SEA、SEB两种基因的菌株有12株,含SEA、SEE两种基因的菌株有1株。本研究表明,所分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的带毒率较高。
在我国人群、家畜及食品中,金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况及该病原菌的流行情况有待于进一步研究,以便为金黄色葡萄球菌引起的疾病的监控、爆发流行的检测以及追踪污染源提供依据。
Staphylococcus aureus has been considered one of the most important bacteria causing food poisoning, It exist in nature environment far-rangingly and has higher resistance to all kinds of physical and chemical factors. The food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus taked a high proportion in bacterial food poisoning in all countries whether in developed countries or in developing countries. The percentage of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is about 33% in America, 45% in Canada, and more than 50% in some Europe countries such as Hungary, Finland, et al. In our country, there are many food poisoning cases caused by staphylococcus aureus.
In the test, staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified by the physiologic and biochemical tests from 510 samples, which included raw milk, raw meat (pork, beef, mutton, chicken), meat products, aquatic products, frozen food, fruits and vegetables, bean products and so on. As a result, Staphylococcus aureus was detected out in seven kinds of samples. The total detection rate of staphylococcus aureus was 21.9%. Therefore, it was proved that food contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus is universal in this region. At the same time, it was showed that pollution level of Staphylococcus aureus in Baoding and circumjacent area was high, so we should give more attention to it. There was a significant difference in detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus among all the food samples,and the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and frozen food was higher than in the others, which showed that the probability of this bacterium to pollute raw milk and frozen food was high. Therefore, we should attach importance to quality problem of this two kinds of food in order to avoid food-borne diseases breaking out. Besides, some kinds of foods, which have lower detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus, are closely linked with our daily diet. So, sufficient attention should be paid to this hygiene problem of food.
The reason of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is mainly to eat food that contains staphylococcal enterotoxins. At present, staphylococcal enterotoxins usually can be divided into 14 types (A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O) according to Serological typing, and A type was seen most commonly in fulminant food poisoning In the experiment, primers were designed for SEA, SEB and SEE pathogenic gene of Staphylococcus aureus. Then, PCR identification was employed with primers designed to study distribution of the three enterotoxin genes. Among 295 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated, 145 strains contains one of enterotoxins SEA,SEB and SEE at least, 58 strains contained SEA, 69 strains contained SEB, 5 strains contained SEE, 12 strains contained both SEA and SEB, and 1 strain contains both SEA and SEE. The study indicated that Staphylococcus aureus separated has high probability of carrying toxin.
The pollution situation and epidemioiogic conditions of Staphylococcus aureus in crowd, livestocks and food should be elucidated in further research, which will provide basis for the supervision of Staphylococcus aureus, the detection of explosion and spread as well as tracking pollution sources.
本试验通过对采自生牛乳、生鲜肉(猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉)、肉制品、水产品、速冻食品、果蔬、豆制品等510份样品,进行了金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定,结果在7类样品中均检出了该菌,金黄色葡萄球菌总检出率为21.9%,证实了该地区金黄色葡萄球菌污染食品的广泛性,同时也表明保定市及其周边地区金黄色葡萄球菌的污染程度较高,值得注意。在不同种类食品样品中,金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率存在明显差异,其中生牛乳和速冻食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率偏高,说明该菌污染这两类食品的机率较大,应该重视奶制品及速冻食品的质量问题,以免引起食源性疾病的爆发。此外,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率较低的食品种类和人们的日常饮食也是息息相关。所以,食品的卫生问题应引起高度重视。
金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒主要是由于进食了含有金黄色葡菌球菌肠毒素的食物。目前,金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素按血清学分型常可分为14型(A、B、C、D、E、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O),在爆发性食物中毒中最常见的血清型是A型。本试验设计合成金黄色葡萄球菌SEA、SEB、SEE致病基因引物,进行PCR鉴定,以研究这三种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的分布状况。在分离得到的295株金黄色葡萄球菌中,有145株菌至少含有金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)、金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B(SEB)、金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素E(SEE)中的一种。其中含SEA基因的菌株有58株,含SEB基因的菌株有69株,含SEE基因的菌株有5株;含SEA、SEB两种基因的菌株有12株,含SEA、SEE两种基因的菌株有1株。本研究表明,所分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的带毒率较高。
在我国人群、家畜及食品中,金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况及该病原菌的流行情况有待于进一步研究,以便为金黄色葡萄球菌引起的疾病的监控、爆发流行的检测以及追踪污染源提供依据。
Staphylococcus aureus has been considered one of the most important bacteria causing food poisoning, It exist in nature environment far-rangingly and has higher resistance to all kinds of physical and chemical factors. The food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus taked a high proportion in bacterial food poisoning in all countries whether in developed countries or in developing countries. The percentage of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is about 33% in America, 45% in Canada, and more than 50% in some Europe countries such as Hungary, Finland, et al. In our country, there are many food poisoning cases caused by staphylococcus aureus.
In the test, staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified by the physiologic and biochemical tests from 510 samples, which included raw milk, raw meat (pork, beef, mutton, chicken), meat products, aquatic products, frozen food, fruits and vegetables, bean products and so on. As a result, Staphylococcus aureus was detected out in seven kinds of samples. The total detection rate of staphylococcus aureus was 21.9%. Therefore, it was proved that food contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus is universal in this region. At the same time, it was showed that pollution level of Staphylococcus aureus in Baoding and circumjacent area was high, so we should give more attention to it. There was a significant difference in detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus among all the food samples,and the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and frozen food was higher than in the others, which showed that the probability of this bacterium to pollute raw milk and frozen food was high. Therefore, we should attach importance to quality problem of this two kinds of food in order to avoid food-borne diseases breaking out. Besides, some kinds of foods, which have lower detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus, are closely linked with our daily diet. So, sufficient attention should be paid to this hygiene problem of food.
The reason of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus is mainly to eat food that contains staphylococcal enterotoxins. At present, staphylococcal enterotoxins usually can be divided into 14 types (A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O) according to Serological typing, and A type was seen most commonly in fulminant food poisoning In the experiment, primers were designed for SEA, SEB and SEE pathogenic gene of Staphylococcus aureus. Then, PCR identification was employed with primers designed to study distribution of the three enterotoxin genes. Among 295 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated, 145 strains contains one of enterotoxins SEA,SEB and SEE at least, 58 strains contained SEA, 69 strains contained SEB, 5 strains contained SEE, 12 strains contained both SEA and SEB, and 1 strain contains both SEA and SEE. The study indicated that Staphylococcus aureus separated has high probability of carrying toxin.
The pollution situation and epidemioiogic conditions of Staphylococcus aureus in crowd, livestocks and food should be elucidated in further research, which will provide basis for the supervision of Staphylococcus aureus, the detection of explosion and spread as well as tracking pollution sources.
引文
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