地震作用下电厂锅炉构架的振动控制研究
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摘要
火电锅炉作为火电厂最重要的电力设施之一,其抗震能力主要由锅炉构架提供。锅炉构架顶部设有大板梁,几千吨的炉体通过上千个吊杆悬挂在大板梁上,为了限制炉体的横向膨胀,在锅炉构架的各层设有若干导向装置。导向装置与构架柱紧密相连,只容许炉体产生竖向膨胀。地震作用下,巨型炉体产生强大的地震力通过导向装置传给构架。因此,锅炉构架抗震设计非常保守,建材用量十分巨大。采用适当的减震耗能装置,减轻炉体振动,减小构架所承担的地震力,从而减小构架材料用量,具有显著的经济效益。
本文将被动控制技术引入锅炉构架导向装置,提出并研制了一种锅炉构架新型导向装置,通过地震模拟振动台试验和有限元分析,从试验和理论上验证了新型导向装置的控制效果。主要研究内容如下:
首先,在保证原导向装置功能的基础上,采用磁摩擦阻尼器和粘滞阻尼器设计了一种锅炉构架新型导向装置。该导向装置二个方向具有耗能功能,其中一个方向是粘滞阻尼耗能,另外一个方向是磁摩擦阻尼耗能。
其次,根据锅炉构架振动台试验模型要求,设计制作了8个磁摩擦阻尼器和8个粘滞阻尼器,通过阻尼器性能试验研究,获得了两种阻尼器的滞回性能曲线。实验结果表明两种阻尼器都具有良好的耗能性能。
第三,以辽电300MW锅炉构架为原型结构,设计制作了1:15锅炉构架模型。分别输入EI Centro、Taft和天津地震动,对该模型进行了安装原导向装置和新型导向装置等6种方案,总计54种工况的地震模拟振动台试验,揭示和验证了新型导向装置及设置方式对锅炉构架耗能减振效果的影响。
第四,基于ANSYS软件,建立了1:15锅炉构架试验模型的有限元分析模型,通过安装原导向装置锅炉构架模型地震反应分析并与试验结果对比,证明了有限元模型的可靠性。通过安装磁摩擦阻尼器和粘滞阻尼器的锅炉构架模型有限元地震反应分析,与试验结果对比表明新型导向装置具有良好的控制效果。
最后,以锅炉构架在地震作用下的顶层最大位移和最大层间位移为结构的目标性能,拟合出与新型导向装置参数之间的函数关系。通过调整新型导向装置的参数,控制锅炉构架位移,满足锅炉构架地震时正常工作的需要。
As one of the most important facilities in a thermal power plant, the boiler needs an effective performance to resist earthquake, which is mainly provided by the boiler frame. The boiler body with the weight of several thousand tons is suspended on the large plate beam at the top part of the boiler frame through tens of hundreds of hanger rods. In order to limit the later expansion of the boiler body, a few guiding devices are installed in every storey of the boiler frame. These guiding devices firmly connect with the boiler frame and allow the boiler body a vertical expansion only. Subjective to earthquake, the strong seismic force from the boiler body is transmitted to the frame through the guiding device. However, present boiler frames are rather conservatively designed so that they cost a great amount of building materials. Hence, it is necessary to properly deploy devices for energy-dissipation to deduce the vibration of the boiler body and the seismic force taken on by the frame. Besides, this could result in the less cost of building material and the remarkable economic benefits.
This thesis introduces the passive control technology into the guiding device of the boiler frame. A new type of guiding device for the boiler frame is proposed and made. The corresponding the test on the shaking table of earthquake simulation and the finite element analysis verify the control effect of the device. The main contents of the thesis are as follows:
Firstly, on the base of ensuring the function of the existing guiding device, a new type of guiding device for boiler frame is innovatively designed, which uses the magnet-friction damper and the viscous damper. This new guiding device has the different energy-dissipation functions in two directions, i. e., the viscous energy dissipation is in one direction and the magnet-friction energy-dissipation is in the other direction.
Secondly, according to the requirement of the model of the boiler frame for testing on the shaking table, this study designs and makes 8 magnet-friction dampers and 8 viscous dampers. Through testiing their performance, this study obtains the hysteresis characteristic curves of the two types of dampers. The testing results validate their good performance on energy-dissipation.
Thirdly, taking the boiler frame of 300MW in Liaoyang Power Plant as the prototype structure, this study designs and makes a 1:1.5 boiler frame model. Then, it conducts the shaking table tests of 6 schemes that the model is installed with the existing guiding device and the new guiding device respectively, which includes 54 case studies. The experimental analysis reveals and verifies the effect of the new guiding device and its arrangement on the energy-dissipation and vibration-reduction of the boiler frame.
Fourthly, using the ANSYS software, this study builds the finite element analysis (FEA) model for the frame model. It proves the reliability of the finite element model by comparing the FEA result of the seismic response of the frame model with the existing guiding devices with the corresponding testing result. For the boiler frame model with both the magnet-friction damper and the viscous damper, the FEA result indicates that the new guiding devices have an excellent vibration-control effect, when compared with the testing results.
Finally, taking the maximum displacement at the top storey and the maximum displacement between adjacent stories of the boiler frame as the performance criterion, this study fits the functional relationship between the criterion and the parameters in the new guiding device. By adjusting the parameters of the new guiding device to control the displacement of the boiler frame, this technique can meet the requirement of the boiler frame working in earthquake.
本文将被动控制技术引入锅炉构架导向装置,提出并研制了一种锅炉构架新型导向装置,通过地震模拟振动台试验和有限元分析,从试验和理论上验证了新型导向装置的控制效果。主要研究内容如下:
首先,在保证原导向装置功能的基础上,采用磁摩擦阻尼器和粘滞阻尼器设计了一种锅炉构架新型导向装置。该导向装置二个方向具有耗能功能,其中一个方向是粘滞阻尼耗能,另外一个方向是磁摩擦阻尼耗能。
其次,根据锅炉构架振动台试验模型要求,设计制作了8个磁摩擦阻尼器和8个粘滞阻尼器,通过阻尼器性能试验研究,获得了两种阻尼器的滞回性能曲线。实验结果表明两种阻尼器都具有良好的耗能性能。
第三,以辽电300MW锅炉构架为原型结构,设计制作了1:15锅炉构架模型。分别输入EI Centro、Taft和天津地震动,对该模型进行了安装原导向装置和新型导向装置等6种方案,总计54种工况的地震模拟振动台试验,揭示和验证了新型导向装置及设置方式对锅炉构架耗能减振效果的影响。
第四,基于ANSYS软件,建立了1:15锅炉构架试验模型的有限元分析模型,通过安装原导向装置锅炉构架模型地震反应分析并与试验结果对比,证明了有限元模型的可靠性。通过安装磁摩擦阻尼器和粘滞阻尼器的锅炉构架模型有限元地震反应分析,与试验结果对比表明新型导向装置具有良好的控制效果。
最后,以锅炉构架在地震作用下的顶层最大位移和最大层间位移为结构的目标性能,拟合出与新型导向装置参数之间的函数关系。通过调整新型导向装置的参数,控制锅炉构架位移,满足锅炉构架地震时正常工作的需要。
As one of the most important facilities in a thermal power plant, the boiler needs an effective performance to resist earthquake, which is mainly provided by the boiler frame. The boiler body with the weight of several thousand tons is suspended on the large plate beam at the top part of the boiler frame through tens of hundreds of hanger rods. In order to limit the later expansion of the boiler body, a few guiding devices are installed in every storey of the boiler frame. These guiding devices firmly connect with the boiler frame and allow the boiler body a vertical expansion only. Subjective to earthquake, the strong seismic force from the boiler body is transmitted to the frame through the guiding device. However, present boiler frames are rather conservatively designed so that they cost a great amount of building materials. Hence, it is necessary to properly deploy devices for energy-dissipation to deduce the vibration of the boiler body and the seismic force taken on by the frame. Besides, this could result in the less cost of building material and the remarkable economic benefits.
This thesis introduces the passive control technology into the guiding device of the boiler frame. A new type of guiding device for the boiler frame is proposed and made. The corresponding the test on the shaking table of earthquake simulation and the finite element analysis verify the control effect of the device. The main contents of the thesis are as follows:
Firstly, on the base of ensuring the function of the existing guiding device, a new type of guiding device for boiler frame is innovatively designed, which uses the magnet-friction damper and the viscous damper. This new guiding device has the different energy-dissipation functions in two directions, i. e., the viscous energy dissipation is in one direction and the magnet-friction energy-dissipation is in the other direction.
Secondly, according to the requirement of the model of the boiler frame for testing on the shaking table, this study designs and makes 8 magnet-friction dampers and 8 viscous dampers. Through testiing their performance, this study obtains the hysteresis characteristic curves of the two types of dampers. The testing results validate their good performance on energy-dissipation.
Thirdly, taking the boiler frame of 300MW in Liaoyang Power Plant as the prototype structure, this study designs and makes a 1:1.5 boiler frame model. Then, it conducts the shaking table tests of 6 schemes that the model is installed with the existing guiding device and the new guiding device respectively, which includes 54 case studies. The experimental analysis reveals and verifies the effect of the new guiding device and its arrangement on the energy-dissipation and vibration-reduction of the boiler frame.
Fourthly, using the ANSYS software, this study builds the finite element analysis (FEA) model for the frame model. It proves the reliability of the finite element model by comparing the FEA result of the seismic response of the frame model with the existing guiding devices with the corresponding testing result. For the boiler frame model with both the magnet-friction damper and the viscous damper, the FEA result indicates that the new guiding devices have an excellent vibration-control effect, when compared with the testing results.
Finally, taking the maximum displacement at the top storey and the maximum displacement between adjacent stories of the boiler frame as the performance criterion, this study fits the functional relationship between the criterion and the parameters in the new guiding device. By adjusting the parameters of the new guiding device to control the displacement of the boiler frame, this technique can meet the requirement of the boiler frame working in earthquake.
引文
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2李树桢.尹之潜.李云林.悬吊锅炉—构架体系的地震反应分析.地震工程与工程振动.1992年第4期.
3王前信.卢书辉.悬吊体系的地震力.地震出版社.1981年12月第一版
4吴良久.工业构筑物抗震.中国工程抗震研究四十年(1949～1989)地震出版社.1989.7.
5国家地震局工程力学所.哈尔滨锅炉厂.上海锅炉厂.东方锅炉厂.武汉锅炉厂.北京巴威有限公司.电站锅炉构架抗震简化模型计算方法的研究.电站锅炉构架抗震设计研究.1988年12月.
6康希良.构架—悬吊锅炉体系地震反应的简化分析[J]特种结构.1996.13(4):41～45
7李锋.电厂锅炉构架强震反应及被动控制问题研究[M]哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005
8李富源. 600MW锅炉钢结构强震下被动控制研究[M].哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士论文. 2003
9胡聿贤,地震工程学.地震出版社.1988
10刘季.周云.结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况(下)—主动控制、混合控制及半主动控制.哈尔滨建筑大学学报.1995年05期
11刘季,周云.结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况(下)──主动控制、混合控制及半主动控制[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 1995, 24(5):47~51
12周福霖.工程结构减震控制.地震出版社. 1997
13刘季.中国结构控制研究现状.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 1993,(4):1~11
14周云.建筑耗能减震新技术与新体系.哈尔滨建筑大学博士学位论文. 1996:1~13
15蔡国平,孙峰,王超.建筑结构被动控制发展动态.力学与实践. 2000, 22(2): 6~13
16吴波,李惠.建筑结构被动控制的理论与应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 1997
17赵桂峰.变刚度被动控制体系的研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文. 2001: 1~15
18吴波,郭安薪,王光远.安装被动控制装置的钢筋混凝土框架结构弹塑性层间最大位移反应的概率统计分析[C].国际结构控制与健康诊断研讨会论文集.中国深圳, 2000:67~71
19邱法维.结构抗震试验方法[M].科学出版社, 2001
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