单张相片近景摄影测树技术研究
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摘要
随着近景摄影测量技术的发展,其应用的方面越来越广泛。将近景摄影应用在林业上,不用伐倒立木,就可以测量立木任意部位的直径和高度,这是此技术与传统的测树方法相比所具有的优点。目前已有不少学者研究近景摄影测量技术在林业测量上的应用,并取得了不少成果。总结已有的研究成果,多数是基于价格昂贵的量测型相机或者通过多张相片找同名点来恢复物方坐标信息,有没有一种基于普通数码相机,只需拍摄一张相片就能进行近景摄影测树的方法?这是本论文研究的目的。
用近景摄影测量方法测树的步骤是“相机校检--模型系数解算--坐标反算--计算胸径树高”。本论文采用普通数码相机作为摄影设备,论文首先着手于如何对相机进行校检;接着论文研究了如何用近景摄影的技术测树;最后作者开发了一个基于单张相片的近景摄影测树软件,将测树过程中涉及到的复杂计算过程自动化,提高测树的效率。作者拍摄了六张相片,对25棵树用近景摄影测量的方法对其胸径和树高进行了测量,并用传统的方法实测了这些立木的胸径和树高值,将两组数据作比较分析,得出用近景摄影技术测树所能达到的精度,验证该方法的可行性。
实验结果表明,采用二维直接线性变换模型对相机进行校检这种方法简单可行。用单张相片近景摄影测量技术测树,能测量单株立木或者排列整齐的一行立木任意部位的直径和高度,测量精度达到林业上测量误差在5%以内的精度要求,可以将此方法应用到生产实践当中,是对测树方法的一个补充。作者用c#编程语言开发的单张相片近景摄影测树软件实现了解算过程的自动化。借助此软件,作者在对25株立木测量时大大提高了效率。
Along with the close-range Photogrammetric technology development,its application become more widely.App lied the Close-range Photogrammetric technology in the forestry,it can measure standing tree's diameter and height in every position without fallen down the tree,this is the advantages of this technique comparing with the traditional test methods.Many scholars studies at the Close-range Photogrammetric technology used in forestry measurement,and made a lot of achievements.Summary of existing research results,the majority is based on the high cost of metric cameras or multiple photos. This paper studies the technology that it use ordinary cameras and single photo to measure the standing tree.
This paper use common digital camera as photographic equipment.First of all,the paper proceed how to calibrate the camera.Then the paper studies how to measure tree by the close-range Photogrammetric technology.Finally,the author developed a software that it use single photographs to measure tree.It made the measurement of the compficated calculation process automation,and improve the efficiency.Last,The author took six photos,measured the diameter and height of 25 trees by the close-range Photogrammetric,and used the traditional method to test the standing tree's height and diameter.Compared with two sets of data,it got the accuracy of measure tree by the close-range Photogrammetric technology.
Experimental results show that using the 2d DLT model to calibrate camera is feasible.It can measure standing tre(?)s diameter and height in every position through using close-range Photogrammetric technology based on single photo.The relative error less than 5%,it fit the precision requirement in tree measurement,so the method can be applied to the production practice,i(?)s a supplement to the methods of measuring tree.the software implied in c# programming language by the author made the measurement of the complicated calculation process automation.Using this software,it can greatly improve the efficiency in measurement.
用近景摄影测量方法测树的步骤是“相机校检--模型系数解算--坐标反算--计算胸径树高”。本论文采用普通数码相机作为摄影设备,论文首先着手于如何对相机进行校检;接着论文研究了如何用近景摄影的技术测树;最后作者开发了一个基于单张相片的近景摄影测树软件,将测树过程中涉及到的复杂计算过程自动化,提高测树的效率。作者拍摄了六张相片,对25棵树用近景摄影测量的方法对其胸径和树高进行了测量,并用传统的方法实测了这些立木的胸径和树高值,将两组数据作比较分析,得出用近景摄影技术测树所能达到的精度,验证该方法的可行性。
实验结果表明,采用二维直接线性变换模型对相机进行校检这种方法简单可行。用单张相片近景摄影测量技术测树,能测量单株立木或者排列整齐的一行立木任意部位的直径和高度,测量精度达到林业上测量误差在5%以内的精度要求,可以将此方法应用到生产实践当中,是对测树方法的一个补充。作者用c#编程语言开发的单张相片近景摄影测树软件实现了解算过程的自动化。借助此软件,作者在对25株立木测量时大大提高了效率。
Along with the close-range Photogrammetric technology development,its application become more widely.App lied the Close-range Photogrammetric technology in the forestry,it can measure standing tree's diameter and height in every position without fallen down the tree,this is the advantages of this technique comparing with the traditional test methods.Many scholars studies at the Close-range Photogrammetric technology used in forestry measurement,and made a lot of achievements.Summary of existing research results,the majority is based on the high cost of metric cameras or multiple photos. This paper studies the technology that it use ordinary cameras and single photo to measure the standing tree.
This paper use common digital camera as photographic equipment.First of all,the paper proceed how to calibrate the camera.Then the paper studies how to measure tree by the close-range Photogrammetric technology.Finally,the author developed a software that it use single photographs to measure tree.It made the measurement of the compficated calculation process automation,and improve the efficiency.Last,The author took six photos,measured the diameter and height of 25 trees by the close-range Photogrammetric,and used the traditional method to test the standing tree's height and diameter.Compared with two sets of data,it got the accuracy of measure tree by the close-range Photogrammetric technology.
Experimental results show that using the 2d DLT model to calibrate camera is feasible.It can measure standing tre(?)s diameter and height in every position through using close-range Photogrammetric technology based on single photo.The relative error less than 5%,it fit the precision requirement in tree measurement,so the method can be applied to the production practice,i(?)s a supplement to the methods of measuring tree.the software implied in c# programming language by the author made the measurement of the complicated calculation process automation.Using this software,it can greatly improve the efficiency in measurement.
引文
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[23]王秀美,贺跃光,曾卓乔,数字化近景摄影测量系统在滑坡监测中的应用,测绘通报,2002(02):28-30.
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[31]魏明果,刘德富,王仁明,黄公谨,基于普通数码相机全数字摄影测量的理论与方法,大坝观测与土L测试,2000(03):51-54.
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