渐开线直齿圆锥齿轮修形研究
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摘要
本文研究的是渐开线直齿圆锥齿轮的修形方法。通过分析齿轮啮合接触的行为特征,包括综合刚度、传动误差以及接触应力、接触区域的变形与齿轮形状之间的作用关系,目的是确定理想的修形方法对齿轮进行修形以达到减振降噪的效果。
锥齿复杂的轮廓给造型给来了很大的困难,很多都是采用背锥原理来建模的,近几年,采用球面渐开线提高了模型的精度,可是并没有真正实现参数化。针对此情况,本文介绍了利用UG中的OPENAPI开发齿轮模块的方法,详细介绍了创建了直齿圆锥齿轮的参数化设计模块的过程。这不仅提高了建模精度,还提高了建模的效率。
采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对直齿圆锥齿轮进行了接触的静态分析和动态分析模拟。首先在UG中将齿轮轮体分割成若干块,进行虚拟装配后,导入到ANSYS中,解决了作为整体模型难以用六面体单元进行网格划分的难题。分别介绍了齿轮啮合模型的静态和动态的边界条件和加载方法。通过ANSYS分析计算,得到了齿轮啮合中的一些基本规律,为齿轮修形提供了依据。
基于UG软件中直齿圆锥齿轮设计模块生成了不同高变位、切变位圆锥齿轮三维模型。在ANSYS中建立了直齿圆锥齿轮的非线性接触分析有限元模型,完成了不同变位系数的齿轮啮合仿真模拟,分析比较了不同变位系数对齿轮轮齿弯曲应力、齿面接触应力及齿轮刚度的影响。研究结果为直齿锥齿轮变位系数的选择提供了理论依据。
齿轮在啮合过程中啮入和啮出碰撞,以及端啮现象都说明了齿轮齿廓和齿向修形的必要性。齿廓修形时,采用了圆弧曲线进行修形,给出了最大修形量、修形圆弧中心和半径等有关参数的确定方法。完成了修形齿轮啮合仿真模拟,分析比较了齿轮修形前后的传动误差、齿面接触应力及齿根弯曲应力。结果表明,廓圆弧修形方法有效地减少了传动误差振幅和接触应力极值,起到很好的降噪减振作用。本文还介绍了齿轮齿向修形方法,阐述了采用曲线对齿向进行修形的具体方法。利用有限元法求出齿轮啮合线处的弹性变形值,并拟合成一条曲线,再用反对称曲线对齿轮进行齿向修形,具有较好的修形效果。
The focus of this thesis is on the method of profile modification for involute straight bevel gear.By the method of analyzing characteristic of bevel gear, including the combined stiffness,transmission error,contact stress and the deformation of contact zone,to bring forward ideal profile modification curves to decrease the noise and vibration of bevel gear.
It is difficult to built the model of bevel gear due to the complicated profile.At present,straight bevel gear is built with sphere involute,which is more accurate than the back cone involute.According to this case,this paper introduced a method that how to design the application of involute bevel gear with UG/OPEN API,and detailedly explained the proeess that develop a module of involute bevel gear with UG/OPEN API.It improves the precision of the model and is easy to modify,so it improves the efficiency of the modeling of the bevel gear largely.
Static analysis and dynamic analysis of straight bevel gears in mesh are taken. The solid modle are divided into some parts through UG in order to conquer the problem,which the tntire solid model came down from CAD software can not be meshed using hexahedron elements.The boundary conditions and the constrain method of gear in mesh are given.Basic law is studied through the simulation of gears in mesh and some conclusions are drawn,which lay the foundations for the gear modifications.
With the parametric model of the straight bevel gear,a series model of profile modified gear was developed.The non-linear infinite element model was obtained in ANSYS,An analysis was carried out on the result simulation of the gear.The simulate data demonstrated the effect of profile modified on blending strength, contact stress and bending stress.The result of research provided theoretical foundation for bevel gear modification.
The necessary of profile and crown-gear modification has been shown through the phenomenon of the collision happed in the first and end time during the process of the mesh and teeth "end contact".Tooth profile modification with circular curve was developed for involute bevel gear,and the method of how to determine the maximal profile modification quantum,the center of the circular curve and correlated parameter was given.An analysis was carried out on the result of non-linear contact FEA and simulation of the gear.The simulate data demonstrated that the method of profile modification was reasonable and the amplitude of the transmission error fluctuation and the maximal contact stress of the profile modification gear was reduced efficiently.This paper also discussed the method of the crown-gear modification.The process of how to implement crown-gear modification with cure was introduced.The data of the contact zone deformation was obtained by the means of FEA,and this data was fitted to a curve.Crown-gear modification with antisymmetric curve has good result.
锥齿复杂的轮廓给造型给来了很大的困难,很多都是采用背锥原理来建模的,近几年,采用球面渐开线提高了模型的精度,可是并没有真正实现参数化。针对此情况,本文介绍了利用UG中的OPENAPI开发齿轮模块的方法,详细介绍了创建了直齿圆锥齿轮的参数化设计模块的过程。这不仅提高了建模精度,还提高了建模的效率。
采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对直齿圆锥齿轮进行了接触的静态分析和动态分析模拟。首先在UG中将齿轮轮体分割成若干块,进行虚拟装配后,导入到ANSYS中,解决了作为整体模型难以用六面体单元进行网格划分的难题。分别介绍了齿轮啮合模型的静态和动态的边界条件和加载方法。通过ANSYS分析计算,得到了齿轮啮合中的一些基本规律,为齿轮修形提供了依据。
基于UG软件中直齿圆锥齿轮设计模块生成了不同高变位、切变位圆锥齿轮三维模型。在ANSYS中建立了直齿圆锥齿轮的非线性接触分析有限元模型,完成了不同变位系数的齿轮啮合仿真模拟,分析比较了不同变位系数对齿轮轮齿弯曲应力、齿面接触应力及齿轮刚度的影响。研究结果为直齿锥齿轮变位系数的选择提供了理论依据。
齿轮在啮合过程中啮入和啮出碰撞,以及端啮现象都说明了齿轮齿廓和齿向修形的必要性。齿廓修形时,采用了圆弧曲线进行修形,给出了最大修形量、修形圆弧中心和半径等有关参数的确定方法。完成了修形齿轮啮合仿真模拟,分析比较了齿轮修形前后的传动误差、齿面接触应力及齿根弯曲应力。结果表明,廓圆弧修形方法有效地减少了传动误差振幅和接触应力极值,起到很好的降噪减振作用。本文还介绍了齿轮齿向修形方法,阐述了采用曲线对齿向进行修形的具体方法。利用有限元法求出齿轮啮合线处的弹性变形值,并拟合成一条曲线,再用反对称曲线对齿轮进行齿向修形,具有较好的修形效果。
The focus of this thesis is on the method of profile modification for involute straight bevel gear.By the method of analyzing characteristic of bevel gear, including the combined stiffness,transmission error,contact stress and the deformation of contact zone,to bring forward ideal profile modification curves to decrease the noise and vibration of bevel gear.
It is difficult to built the model of bevel gear due to the complicated profile.At present,straight bevel gear is built with sphere involute,which is more accurate than the back cone involute.According to this case,this paper introduced a method that how to design the application of involute bevel gear with UG/OPEN API,and detailedly explained the proeess that develop a module of involute bevel gear with UG/OPEN API.It improves the precision of the model and is easy to modify,so it improves the efficiency of the modeling of the bevel gear largely.
Static analysis and dynamic analysis of straight bevel gears in mesh are taken. The solid modle are divided into some parts through UG in order to conquer the problem,which the tntire solid model came down from CAD software can not be meshed using hexahedron elements.The boundary conditions and the constrain method of gear in mesh are given.Basic law is studied through the simulation of gears in mesh and some conclusions are drawn,which lay the foundations for the gear modifications.
With the parametric model of the straight bevel gear,a series model of profile modified gear was developed.The non-linear infinite element model was obtained in ANSYS,An analysis was carried out on the result simulation of the gear.The simulate data demonstrated the effect of profile modified on blending strength, contact stress and bending stress.The result of research provided theoretical foundation for bevel gear modification.
The necessary of profile and crown-gear modification has been shown through the phenomenon of the collision happed in the first and end time during the process of the mesh and teeth "end contact".Tooth profile modification with circular curve was developed for involute bevel gear,and the method of how to determine the maximal profile modification quantum,the center of the circular curve and correlated parameter was given.An analysis was carried out on the result of non-linear contact FEA and simulation of the gear.The simulate data demonstrated that the method of profile modification was reasonable and the amplitude of the transmission error fluctuation and the maximal contact stress of the profile modification gear was reduced efficiently.This paper also discussed the method of the crown-gear modification.The process of how to implement crown-gear modification with cure was introduced.The data of the contact zone deformation was obtained by the means of FEA,and this data was fitted to a curve.Crown-gear modification with antisymmetric curve has good result.
引文
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[2]武宝林,杨素君,姚俊红.齿轮传动中减振降噪的探讨[J].机械工程师,1997,(4):9-10
[3]Walker H.Gear Tooth Deflection and Profile Modification[J].The Engineer,1990,166(4318):409-412
[4]#12
[5]寺内喜男.齿形修正对齿轮动载荷噪声的影响[J].汽车齿轮,1984,8(3):41-43
[6]李润方,丁玉成,王建军.齿轮本体温度、热变形、弹性啮合特性分析及齿廓修形曲线的研究[J].机械设计,1988,(1):1-8
[7]宋乐民.渐开线鼓形齿的修形量[J].齿轮,1981,5(2):63-67
[8]付治钧.齿形齿向修形初探.汽车工艺与材料[J],1997,(4):39-43
[9]易建军,张明,徐中耀.汽车齿轮修形的研究[J].汽车技术1997,(12):28-32
[10]Simon V.Load and Stress Distributions in Spur and Helical Gears[J].ASME Journal of Mechanisms Transmissions and Automations in Design,1988,110:197-202
[11]李剑锋.直齿圆锥齿轮轮齿变形及瞬时啮合刚度[J].山东工业大学学报,1996,26(4):451-454
[12]J Wang,I Howard.The Torsional Stiffness of Involute Spur Gears[J].Proc.Instn Mesh Engrs,Vol.218 part c:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 2004:131-142
[13]Nalluveettil S.J,Muthuveemppan G.Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of a Straight Bevel Gear[J].Tooth.Computers & Structures,1993,48(4):739-744
[14]张树生,朱传敏,刘增文等.齿轮传动动态性能的优化设计--最优修形曲线的确定[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(3):247-248
[15]Hsiang Hsi Lin,Fred B.Oswald and Dennis P.Townsend.Dynamic loading of spur gears with linear or parabolic tooth profile modifications[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,1994,29(8):1115-1129
[16]王涛,唐增宝,钟毅芳.齿轮传动的动态啮合刚度[J].华中理工大学学报,1992,20(3):39-44
[17]孙月海,张策,葛楠.含误差的直齿轮的齿廓修形[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(12):91-94
[18]Haruo Houjoh,Kiyohicko Umezawa,Shigeki Matsumura.Vibration Analysis for a Pair of Helical Gear Mounted on Elastic Shafts[J],ASME Power Transmission and Gearing.1996,88:215-224
[19]唐增宝.修形齿轮的最佳修形量和修形长度的确定[J].华中理工大学学报,1995,23(2):125-128
[20]Giorgio,Bonori,Marco Barbieri,and Francesco Pellicano.Optimum profile modifications of spur gears by means of genetic algorithms[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,Volume 313,2008,313(3):603-616
[21]陈霞,夏巨谌,胡国安等.直齿锥齿轮齿廓圆弧修形[J].机械传动.2007,31(3):91-93
[22]D W Dudley.Hand Book of Practical Gear Design[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill Co,1984
[23]宋乐民.齿轮修形与齿轮强度[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987
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