作战仿真中想定推演与态势显示系统关键技术研究
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摘要
近年来,基于高层体系结构(High Level Architecture,HLA)的作战仿真在军事训练、作战演练和武器装备采办等军事领域的应用十分广泛,是建模与仿真领域的研究热点之一。仿真想定是作战仿真的基本依据。它提供了仿真系统中作战双方的企图、态势以及作战发展情况等的设想和假定。成功的作战仿真系统都是建立在合理、可信的想定基础之上。
目前,仿真想定的规范化描述、开发和管理等方面还没有形成统一的标准,其内容通常以文本或数据库表的形式存储,无法直观、形象地动态表现所描述的部队行动、作战经过和战场态势变化等信息,不便于检验作战计划中作战行动时序、指挥关系等是否存在冲突,缺乏对想定信息合理性的验证和检查机制,从而影响作战仿真系统的可信性。针对这些问题,本文研究并实现了想定推演与态势显示(Scenario Rehearsal and Plan View Display,SRPVD)系统,研究的内容和取得的成果主要包括:
首先,研究了想定推演模型的建立和规范化描述。采用面向实体的系统分析方法和军事概念模型技术从仿真想定中提取想定推演所需要的信息,并利用这些信息建立想定推演模型。另外,利用XML Schema描述想定推演模型,建立基于XML Schema的想定推演计划,并应用于想定推演之中。
其次,研究了想定推演过程的态势显示技术。基于地理信息系统(GeographicalInformation System,GIS)组件MapX,给出态势显示中六角网格地形量化算法。同时,扩展了MapX环境下的TrueType字体符号库,建立了一套符合军事指挥人员习惯、又能为其它非军事人员所理解的态势军标库,实现了想定推演过程的二维态势信息可视化。从广义上的态势显示角度出发,研究了作战仿真系统执行过程中二维态势显示的通用性问题。通过提取FOM(Federation Obiect Model)信息生成配置文件并在HLA作战仿真联邦运行过程中进行动态订购,实现了基于MapX的通用二维态势显示。
最后,设计并实现了想定推演与态势显示原型系统。该系统提供了仿真想定的先期推演和作战仿真联邦运行时的二维态势显示功能。具体应用实例表明,该系统功能合理、界面友好,能够基本满足想定推演与态势显示的需求。
Recently, the combat simulation based on the HLA (High Level Architecture) standard has been applied widely in military domain, such as military discipline, operational exercises and acquisition for weapon and equipment. It is one of the research hotspots in modeling and simulation domain. Simulation scenario is the foundation of the combat simulation, which provides the assumption and presupposition about the attempt, situation and operation evolution of the both sides in combat simulation system. A successful combat simulation system must be built on the base of a rational and authentic scenario.
At present, there is no uniform standard on normatively describing, developing and managing simulation scenario. The contents of simulation scenario are usually saved in the form of text or database table. Therefore, it is incapable of visually and dynamically representing the action of army, operational processing and battlefield situation changing, and it is inconvenient to inspect conflicts among operation schedulings and commanding relations, and it also lacks the mechanisms to validate and inspect the rationality of scenario. As a result, it influences the creditability of the combat simulation system. According to these problems, the paper discusses and realizes the Scenario Rehearsal and Plan View Display (SRPVD) system. Our research contents and productions are as follows.
Firstly, the establishment and normative description of scenario rehearsal model are discussed. We adopt the entity-oriented system analysis method and military conceptual models to extract information required by scenario rehearsal, and then build the simulation scenario rehearsal model based on these informaiton. Moreover, the paper introduces XML Schema to describe the scenario rehearsal model, and builds the scenario rehearsal scheme based on XML Schema.
Secondly, the situation displaying technique in the process of scenario rehearsal is discussed. We present an algorithm about terrain quantization with hexagon grid, which is based on the GIS (Geographical Information System) module MapX. Moreover, we extend the TrueType font symbol library in MapX, and build a set of military symbol libraries, which accord with the custom of military commanding staffs and can also be understood by nonmilitary staffs. Consequently, the visualization of two-dimension situation information in the process of scenario rehearsal is realized. With the perspective of generalized situation display, the general plan view display in the execution of the combat simulation is also discussed. We realize the general MapX-based plan view display, which extracts FOM (Federation Object Model) information to create configuration file and dynamically subscribes during the execution of the HLA -based combat simulation federate.
Finally, the SRPVD prototype system is also realized. The SRPVD system provides the functions of simulation rehearsal in advance and plan view display during federate execution. Some specific applications show that the system has reasonable functions and friendly user interface, and satisfies the requirements of scenario rehearsal and plan view display.
目前,仿真想定的规范化描述、开发和管理等方面还没有形成统一的标准,其内容通常以文本或数据库表的形式存储,无法直观、形象地动态表现所描述的部队行动、作战经过和战场态势变化等信息,不便于检验作战计划中作战行动时序、指挥关系等是否存在冲突,缺乏对想定信息合理性的验证和检查机制,从而影响作战仿真系统的可信性。针对这些问题,本文研究并实现了想定推演与态势显示(Scenario Rehearsal and Plan View Display,SRPVD)系统,研究的内容和取得的成果主要包括:
首先,研究了想定推演模型的建立和规范化描述。采用面向实体的系统分析方法和军事概念模型技术从仿真想定中提取想定推演所需要的信息,并利用这些信息建立想定推演模型。另外,利用XML Schema描述想定推演模型,建立基于XML Schema的想定推演计划,并应用于想定推演之中。
其次,研究了想定推演过程的态势显示技术。基于地理信息系统(GeographicalInformation System,GIS)组件MapX,给出态势显示中六角网格地形量化算法。同时,扩展了MapX环境下的TrueType字体符号库,建立了一套符合军事指挥人员习惯、又能为其它非军事人员所理解的态势军标库,实现了想定推演过程的二维态势信息可视化。从广义上的态势显示角度出发,研究了作战仿真系统执行过程中二维态势显示的通用性问题。通过提取FOM(Federation Obiect Model)信息生成配置文件并在HLA作战仿真联邦运行过程中进行动态订购,实现了基于MapX的通用二维态势显示。
最后,设计并实现了想定推演与态势显示原型系统。该系统提供了仿真想定的先期推演和作战仿真联邦运行时的二维态势显示功能。具体应用实例表明,该系统功能合理、界面友好,能够基本满足想定推演与态势显示的需求。
Recently, the combat simulation based on the HLA (High Level Architecture) standard has been applied widely in military domain, such as military discipline, operational exercises and acquisition for weapon and equipment. It is one of the research hotspots in modeling and simulation domain. Simulation scenario is the foundation of the combat simulation, which provides the assumption and presupposition about the attempt, situation and operation evolution of the both sides in combat simulation system. A successful combat simulation system must be built on the base of a rational and authentic scenario.
At present, there is no uniform standard on normatively describing, developing and managing simulation scenario. The contents of simulation scenario are usually saved in the form of text or database table. Therefore, it is incapable of visually and dynamically representing the action of army, operational processing and battlefield situation changing, and it is inconvenient to inspect conflicts among operation schedulings and commanding relations, and it also lacks the mechanisms to validate and inspect the rationality of scenario. As a result, it influences the creditability of the combat simulation system. According to these problems, the paper discusses and realizes the Scenario Rehearsal and Plan View Display (SRPVD) system. Our research contents and productions are as follows.
Firstly, the establishment and normative description of scenario rehearsal model are discussed. We adopt the entity-oriented system analysis method and military conceptual models to extract information required by scenario rehearsal, and then build the simulation scenario rehearsal model based on these informaiton. Moreover, the paper introduces XML Schema to describe the scenario rehearsal model, and builds the scenario rehearsal scheme based on XML Schema.
Secondly, the situation displaying technique in the process of scenario rehearsal is discussed. We present an algorithm about terrain quantization with hexagon grid, which is based on the GIS (Geographical Information System) module MapX. Moreover, we extend the TrueType font symbol library in MapX, and build a set of military symbol libraries, which accord with the custom of military commanding staffs and can also be understood by nonmilitary staffs. Consequently, the visualization of two-dimension situation information in the process of scenario rehearsal is realized. With the perspective of generalized situation display, the general plan view display in the execution of the combat simulation is also discussed. We realize the general MapX-based plan view display, which extracts FOM (Federation Object Model) information to create configuration file and dynamically subscribes during the execution of the HLA -based combat simulation federate.
Finally, the SRPVD prototype system is also realized. The SRPVD system provides the functions of simulation rehearsal in advance and plan view display during federate execution. Some specific applications show that the system has reasonable functions and friendly user interface, and satisfies the requirements of scenario rehearsal and plan view display.
引文
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[9]Presagis产品介绍,http://www.presagis.com/products/engenuity/details/stage_scenario/
[10]M(A|¨)K产品介绍,http://www.mak.com/products/
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[13]李群,杨峰,朱一儿,王维平,空军战役过程推演系统的想定生成设计与实现,系统仿真学报,2003,15(3):414-416
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[22]SISO Military Scenario Definition Language Drafting Group,Specification for:Military Scenario Definition Language(MSDL) Initial Draft,2007
[23]Robert W.Franceschini,Derrick J.Franceschini,Robert B.Burch,Russ Sherrett,Jeff Abbott,Specifying Scenarios Using the Military Scenario Definition Language,Proceedings of the Fall 2004 Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2004,04F-SIW-068
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[2]黄柯棣等,作战仿真技术综述,系统仿真学报,2004,16(9):1887-1895
[3]张野鹏编著,作战模拟基础,北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[4]陈康,徐培德,马满好,蔡红卿,态势推演系统结构研究,军事运筹与系统工程,2005,19(3):43-47
[5]Ken Hunt,LT Eric Harten,A New Paradigm for Developing and Maintaining Scenarios for Distributed Simulation Systems,Proceedings of the Spring 1999 Simulation Interoperability Workshop,1999,99S-SIW-179
[6]Bj(o|¨)rn L(o|¨)fstrand,Ville K(a|¨)rkk(a|¨)inen,Johan Strand,Michael Ericsson,Maj Johansson,Harald Lepp,Scenario Management-Common Design Principles and Data Interchange Formats,Proceedings of the 2004 Euro Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2004,04E-SIW-070
[7]Robert L.Wittman Jr,Jeff Abbott,Keeping up with the Military Scenario Definition Language(MSDL),Proceedings of the Spring 2006 Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2006,06S-SIW-018
[8]LTC John Surdu,Robert L.Wittman Jr,Jeff Abbott,Military Scenario Definition Language Study Group Final Report,Proceedings of the Fall 2005 Simulation Interoperability Workshop,05F-SIW-017
[9]Presagis产品介绍,http://www.presagis.com/products/engenuity/details/stage_scenario/
[10]M(A|¨)K产品介绍,http://www.mak.com/products/
[11]胡亚海,彭晓源,王行仁,基于WEB的仿真中的想定管理,系统仿真学报,2002,14(3):403-405
[12]陈欣,胡晓惠,付勇,傅妤华,基于XML的仿真想定标记语言SSML,系统仿真学报,2004,16(9):1928-1930
[13]李群,杨峰,朱一儿,王维平,空军战役过程推演系统的想定生成设计与实现,系统仿真学报,2003,15(3):414-416
[14]郅治刚,郭齐胜,马向平,张立友,基于HLA的作战仿真二维态势设计与实现,系统仿真学报,2006,18 Suppl.2(9):421-423
[15]殷军,司光亚,胡晓峰,战略模拟想定生成系统框架,系统仿真学报,2003,15(12):1672-1674
[16]胡晓峰,司光亚主编,战争模拟引论,北京:国防大学出版社,2004
[17]刘树斌,王永明主编,战役想定作业方法探要,北京:国防大学出版社,2003
[18]许大强,王美玉主编,军用文书学,北京:军事科学出版社,2002
[19]刘剑锋,余滨,凌云翔,蔡红卿,军事应用系统效能仿真的仿真想定丌发方法研究,计算机仿真,2005,22(7):1-3
[20]Chris K.Bums,Dr.Richard Coleman,Joe Moran,David SanderA,Scott Speigle,A Simulation Independent Scenario Development System,Proceedings of the Fall 2002Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2002,02F-SIW-076
[21]Ronald B.Sprinkle,Deborah Heystek,William Krondak,Steven D.Lovelady,Common Scenario Generation for Army M&S and C4ISR Systems,Proceedings of the Spring 2003Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2003,03S-SIW-103
[22]SISO Military Scenario Definition Language Drafting Group,Specification for:Military Scenario Definition Language(MSDL) Initial Draft,2007
[23]Robert W.Franceschini,Derrick J.Franceschini,Robert B.Burch,Russ Sherrett,Jeff Abbott,Specifying Scenarios Using the Military Scenario Definition Language,Proceedings of the Fall 2004 Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2004,04F-SIW-068
[24]Saikou Diallo,Dr.Andreas Tolk,Wayne Civinskas,An Application Extension for the Military Scenario Description Language,Proceedings of the Spring 2006 Simulation InteroperabilityWorkshop,2006,06S-SIW-009
[25]Erica Lindy,Naimish Thakkar,Initialization of the MATREX Environment using MSDL,Proceedings of the Spring 2005 Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2005,05F-SIW-016
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