挠性圆盘移栽机数字化设计及试验研究
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摘要
数字化设计是现代设计理论和方法的核心,涵盖了现代设计的最新技术。将数字化设计技术的应用引入农业机械行业,以改变传统农业机械的设计方式,对于提高我国农业装备设计制造的整体水平具有重要意义。
在研究Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机结构和工作原理的基础上,分析特征系数λ在移栽过程中对秧苗直立度的影响,对秧苗在投苗过程中的运动过程进行理论分析,建立苗体的运动学模型,确定移栽机机构参数和工作参数与秧苗落地角度之间的关系,为移栽机设计提供技术依据和理论基础。
分析和量子计算、遗传算法和量子遗传算法的基本概念、原理和计算流程,讨论量子遗传算法在收敛时间、种群多样性、量子门旋转角选择策略等问题。针对挠性圆盘移栽机投苗结构参数优化问题非线性、多维数等特点,提出一套通用的量子遗传算法优化实现方案。通过量子遗传算法、传统遗传算法和改进遗传算法的优化结果对比,证明量子遗传算法更适合研究问题的优化求解。
以Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机为对象,研究了三维实体模型的几何建模、特征建模、参数化建模和数字化装配技术。采用基于特征和约束建模的方法构建挠性圆盘移栽机关键部件的三维实体模型,实现产品特征参数化,并根据移栽机内在结构关系、客户需求及移栽生产要求,确定了参数之间的关系,通过设定数字化装配条件,得到Kombinette移栽机关键部件及其整机的数字化功能样机模型,为后续仿真、分析与试验优化奠定了基础。
通过专用接口模块MECHANISM/Pro,在ADAMS中建立Kombinette移栽机及秧苗实体模型,并进行参数设置,使仿真环境与实际移栽生产环境基本一致。使用优化后的投苗机构参数和移栽机工作参数,基于脚本仿真技术实现秧苗在移栽机投苗过程中仿真的全过程,并通过仿真结果验证使用量子遗传算法计算所得优化参数与理论结果的一致性。
以辣椒苗为移栽对象,使用Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机进行秧苗移栽试验。通过单因素试验考察前进速度、开沟深度和开沟器位置对秧苗移栽的直立度合格率、覆土深度和埋苗率的影响。采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计试验和双因素试验,建立试验指标与试验因素之间关系的数学模型,并分析各影响因素的重要程度。通过优化计算方法,得出最优解及相应的最优因素水平组合。通过理论指标最优值验证遗传算法参数优化值、仿真结果与试验结果的正确性。
研发了Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机数字化设计系统软件,实现了移栽机三维实体造型、参数化设计、性能参数计算、数据信息管理等功能。该软件的应用可减少设计者的劳动强度,提高设计效率,缩短产品设计周期,降低产品研发成本,提高产品和企业的竞争能力。
Digital design is the core of modern design theory and method, it contains all the latest technologies applied in modern design. Digital design technologies wasintroduced into agricultural machinery industry to change the traditional design method and to improve the integral design and manufacturing level of Chinese agricultural machinery.
Based on the structure and working principle of Kombinette soft disc transplanter, the influence of coefficient λ on upright degree of seedling during transplantation conditions was analyzed. The transplanting process was analyzed and deduced and the kinematic model of seedling was established. In addition, the relationship between transplanter structure parameters and seedling landing angles and between transplanter working parameters and seedling landing angles were determined. Therefore, the technical and theoretical bases for transplanter design was provided.
The basic concept, principle and calculation process of quantum computing, genetic algorithm and the quantum genetic algorithm was analyze, and the factors of QGA, such as convergence time, population diversity and adjust tactics of rotational angle were analyzed. Based on the fact that the structure parameter of soft disc transplanter is nonlinear and multidimensional, a universal QGA optimizing plan was composed. By comparing QGA, GA and IGA, that QGA was more suitable for the study.
Taking Kombinette soft disc transplanter as subject, the geometric modeling, feature modeling, parametric modeling and digital assembly technology of3D entity model were studied. The3D entity model of the key parts of the soft disc transplanter was built by using feature modeling and constraint modeling. Thus, the parameterization of product characteristics was realized. According to the inner structure of the transplanter, customer demands and production requirements for transplanting, the relationship between design parameters was found out. The digital model for key parts of transplanter and for complete transplanter was built. These digital models probided basis for stimulation, analysis and testing optimization.
Through specialized interface module MECHANISM/Pro, the Kombinette transplanter and seedling entity models were built in ADAMS and parameters were set to make the stimulation identical to the reality. With the optimized seedling dropping parameters and transplanter working parameters, based on the script simulation technology, the simulation of seedling transplanting was realized. The stimulation results were used to verify the optimized parameters calculated by QGA and theory.
Kombinette soft disc transplanter was tested transplanting pepper seedlings. Through single factor experiment, the impact of speed, ditch depth and the position of ditcher on the upright degree, buried soil depth and seedling buried percentage were analyzed. By means of quadratic orthogonal rotational combination design and double-factor tests, the mathematical models descoribing relationship between experiment criteria and experiment factor were developed and the importance of the factors was analyzed. By optimizing calculating method, a combination of optimal solution and suitable factors were determined. The correctness of optimized parameters calculated by QGA, simulation results and experimental results were verified by the theoretical optimal criteria.
A digital design system was developed for the Kombinette soft disc transplanter and three dimensional entity modeling, parameterization design, performance parameter calculation and data management were realized. The design system could reduce the workloads of designers, improve design efficiency, shorten product design cycle, reduce development costs and improve the competitiveness of the product and the enterprise.
在研究Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机结构和工作原理的基础上,分析特征系数λ在移栽过程中对秧苗直立度的影响,对秧苗在投苗过程中的运动过程进行理论分析,建立苗体的运动学模型,确定移栽机机构参数和工作参数与秧苗落地角度之间的关系,为移栽机设计提供技术依据和理论基础。
分析和量子计算、遗传算法和量子遗传算法的基本概念、原理和计算流程,讨论量子遗传算法在收敛时间、种群多样性、量子门旋转角选择策略等问题。针对挠性圆盘移栽机投苗结构参数优化问题非线性、多维数等特点,提出一套通用的量子遗传算法优化实现方案。通过量子遗传算法、传统遗传算法和改进遗传算法的优化结果对比,证明量子遗传算法更适合研究问题的优化求解。
以Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机为对象,研究了三维实体模型的几何建模、特征建模、参数化建模和数字化装配技术。采用基于特征和约束建模的方法构建挠性圆盘移栽机关键部件的三维实体模型,实现产品特征参数化,并根据移栽机内在结构关系、客户需求及移栽生产要求,确定了参数之间的关系,通过设定数字化装配条件,得到Kombinette移栽机关键部件及其整机的数字化功能样机模型,为后续仿真、分析与试验优化奠定了基础。
通过专用接口模块MECHANISM/Pro,在ADAMS中建立Kombinette移栽机及秧苗实体模型,并进行参数设置,使仿真环境与实际移栽生产环境基本一致。使用优化后的投苗机构参数和移栽机工作参数,基于脚本仿真技术实现秧苗在移栽机投苗过程中仿真的全过程,并通过仿真结果验证使用量子遗传算法计算所得优化参数与理论结果的一致性。
以辣椒苗为移栽对象,使用Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机进行秧苗移栽试验。通过单因素试验考察前进速度、开沟深度和开沟器位置对秧苗移栽的直立度合格率、覆土深度和埋苗率的影响。采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计试验和双因素试验,建立试验指标与试验因素之间关系的数学模型,并分析各影响因素的重要程度。通过优化计算方法,得出最优解及相应的最优因素水平组合。通过理论指标最优值验证遗传算法参数优化值、仿真结果与试验结果的正确性。
研发了Kombinette挠性圆盘移栽机数字化设计系统软件,实现了移栽机三维实体造型、参数化设计、性能参数计算、数据信息管理等功能。该软件的应用可减少设计者的劳动强度,提高设计效率,缩短产品设计周期,降低产品研发成本,提高产品和企业的竞争能力。
Digital design is the core of modern design theory and method, it contains all the latest technologies applied in modern design. Digital design technologies wasintroduced into agricultural machinery industry to change the traditional design method and to improve the integral design and manufacturing level of Chinese agricultural machinery.
Based on the structure and working principle of Kombinette soft disc transplanter, the influence of coefficient λ on upright degree of seedling during transplantation conditions was analyzed. The transplanting process was analyzed and deduced and the kinematic model of seedling was established. In addition, the relationship between transplanter structure parameters and seedling landing angles and between transplanter working parameters and seedling landing angles were determined. Therefore, the technical and theoretical bases for transplanter design was provided.
The basic concept, principle and calculation process of quantum computing, genetic algorithm and the quantum genetic algorithm was analyze, and the factors of QGA, such as convergence time, population diversity and adjust tactics of rotational angle were analyzed. Based on the fact that the structure parameter of soft disc transplanter is nonlinear and multidimensional, a universal QGA optimizing plan was composed. By comparing QGA, GA and IGA, that QGA was more suitable for the study.
Taking Kombinette soft disc transplanter as subject, the geometric modeling, feature modeling, parametric modeling and digital assembly technology of3D entity model were studied. The3D entity model of the key parts of the soft disc transplanter was built by using feature modeling and constraint modeling. Thus, the parameterization of product characteristics was realized. According to the inner structure of the transplanter, customer demands and production requirements for transplanting, the relationship between design parameters was found out. The digital model for key parts of transplanter and for complete transplanter was built. These digital models probided basis for stimulation, analysis and testing optimization.
Through specialized interface module MECHANISM/Pro, the Kombinette transplanter and seedling entity models were built in ADAMS and parameters were set to make the stimulation identical to the reality. With the optimized seedling dropping parameters and transplanter working parameters, based on the script simulation technology, the simulation of seedling transplanting was realized. The stimulation results were used to verify the optimized parameters calculated by QGA and theory.
Kombinette soft disc transplanter was tested transplanting pepper seedlings. Through single factor experiment, the impact of speed, ditch depth and the position of ditcher on the upright degree, buried soil depth and seedling buried percentage were analyzed. By means of quadratic orthogonal rotational combination design and double-factor tests, the mathematical models descoribing relationship between experiment criteria and experiment factor were developed and the importance of the factors was analyzed. By optimizing calculating method, a combination of optimal solution and suitable factors were determined. The correctness of optimized parameters calculated by QGA, simulation results and experimental results were verified by the theoretical optimal criteria.
A digital design system was developed for the Kombinette soft disc transplanter and three dimensional entity modeling, parameterization design, performance parameter calculation and data management were realized. The design system could reduce the workloads of designers, improve design efficiency, shorten product design cycle, reduce development costs and improve the competitiveness of the product and the enterprise.
引文
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