移动消息中间件的研究与设计
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摘要
随着网络技术的迅速发展和不断渗透，随着诸如笔记本电脑、智能手机、PDA、智能手表等移动设备的快速增长，在任何时候、任何地点都能接入信息网获取所需的信息将成为21世纪新型人类的普遍需求，移动计算技术将使得这种需求得以实现。但移动计算有其自身的特点，开发移动应用时会遇到巨大的挑战。比如当这些设备在移动时不得不面对网络的短暂性连接或是不可预知的掉线情况；这些设备的资源通常是很有限的，电池容量很小、CPU速度很慢、内存很少；他们要求能适应位置、上下文条件、网络带宽改变等环境的变化，同时做出适当的反应。所有这些挑战，在传统的固网上是不存在或者说是无须考虑的，但是一旦在移动网络中开发应用，就不得不面对这些挑战。
为此人们提出使用中间件技术来支持移动计算应用。中间件是一种位于平台(硬件和操作系统)和应用之间的，独立的系统软件或服务程序，分布式应用软件借助这种软件在不同的技术之间共享资源。
本文先是比较了传统分布式系统中的中间件和移动分布式系统中的中间件的特征，提出了移动中间件的参考模型和系统特性，指出移动中间件可以解决移动计算面临的挑战。然后详细介绍了移动中间件，分析了现有移动中间件的研究状况，提出在本文中讨论一个面向消息的移动中间件系统。
消息中间件是基于消息传递或消息队列原理的一类中间件，现有的消息中间件不支持移动计算应用。本文讨论了支持移动计算应用的一种技术：面向消息的移动中间件技术，提出了一个基于发布／订阅模式的移动消息中间件MobileMOM的解决方案。
MobileMOM由下面三个主要功能模块组成：(1)MobileMOM Client，基于XMLBlaster的轻量级的移动消息中间件客户端；(2)Mobile UMS，移动统一消息系统，可以看作为连接客户端和服务端的消息Hub。它包含了多种为两者提供可靠有效传输的插件；(3)MobileMOM Server，一个基于XMLBlaster的服务端。
本文提出了移动消息中间件MobileMOM的设计框架，应用模式及部分实现与应用。
Recent advances in wireless networking technologies and the growing success of mobile computing devices, such as laptop computers, smart phones, personal digital assistants, watches and the like, are enabling new classes of applications that present challenging problems to designers. Mobile devices face temporary loss network connectivity when move; they are likely to have scarce resources, such as low battery power, slow CPU speed and little memory; they are required to react to frequent and unannounced changes in the environment, such as high variability of network bandwidth, and in the resources availability. To support designers building mobile applications, research in the field of middleware system has proliferated. Middleware aims at facilitating communication and coordination of distributed components, concealing complexity raised by mobility from application engineers as much as possible. In this paper, we examine characteristics of mobile distributed systems designed and distinguish them from their fixed counterpart. We introduce a framework to support mobility, and we present a detailed comparative review of major results reached in this field.
Message oriented middleware (MOM) is a specific class middleware that operates on the principles of message passing or message queuing. Existing MOM system doesn't support the function for mobile computing environment. In the near future, requirements of mobile computing will increase and more dynamic services for mobile computing will be required. And integrating with wireless networks is becoming almost commonplace.
This paper presents the study, design, and implementation of MobileMOM, a message oriented middleware system for mobile computing. It provides a solution for mobile application specific problems such as resource constraints, network
characteristics, and data optimization. MobileMOM consists of three main functions:1-MobileMOM Client, a lightweight client of Message Oriented Middleware(MOM) based on XMLBlaster;2-MobileUMS, for reliable and efficient transmission between mobile devices and a server with pluggable components; 3-MobileMOM Server, a MOM server based on XMLBlaster Server.
为此人们提出使用中间件技术来支持移动计算应用。中间件是一种位于平台(硬件和操作系统)和应用之间的，独立的系统软件或服务程序，分布式应用软件借助这种软件在不同的技术之间共享资源。
本文先是比较了传统分布式系统中的中间件和移动分布式系统中的中间件的特征，提出了移动中间件的参考模型和系统特性，指出移动中间件可以解决移动计算面临的挑战。然后详细介绍了移动中间件，分析了现有移动中间件的研究状况，提出在本文中讨论一个面向消息的移动中间件系统。
消息中间件是基于消息传递或消息队列原理的一类中间件，现有的消息中间件不支持移动计算应用。本文讨论了支持移动计算应用的一种技术：面向消息的移动中间件技术，提出了一个基于发布／订阅模式的移动消息中间件MobileMOM的解决方案。
MobileMOM由下面三个主要功能模块组成：(1)MobileMOM Client，基于XMLBlaster的轻量级的移动消息中间件客户端；(2)Mobile UMS，移动统一消息系统，可以看作为连接客户端和服务端的消息Hub。它包含了多种为两者提供可靠有效传输的插件；(3)MobileMOM Server，一个基于XMLBlaster的服务端。
本文提出了移动消息中间件MobileMOM的设计框架，应用模式及部分实现与应用。
Recent advances in wireless networking technologies and the growing success of mobile computing devices, such as laptop computers, smart phones, personal digital assistants, watches and the like, are enabling new classes of applications that present challenging problems to designers. Mobile devices face temporary loss network connectivity when move; they are likely to have scarce resources, such as low battery power, slow CPU speed and little memory; they are required to react to frequent and unannounced changes in the environment, such as high variability of network bandwidth, and in the resources availability. To support designers building mobile applications, research in the field of middleware system has proliferated. Middleware aims at facilitating communication and coordination of distributed components, concealing complexity raised by mobility from application engineers as much as possible. In this paper, we examine characteristics of mobile distributed systems designed and distinguish them from their fixed counterpart. We introduce a framework to support mobility, and we present a detailed comparative review of major results reached in this field.
Message oriented middleware (MOM) is a specific class middleware that operates on the principles of message passing or message queuing. Existing MOM system doesn't support the function for mobile computing environment. In the near future, requirements of mobile computing will increase and more dynamic services for mobile computing will be required. And integrating with wireless networks is becoming almost commonplace.
This paper presents the study, design, and implementation of MobileMOM, a message oriented middleware system for mobile computing. It provides a solution for mobile application specific problems such as resource constraints, network
characteristics, and data optimization. MobileMOM consists of three main functions:1-MobileMOM Client, a lightweight client of Message Oriented Middleware(MOM) based on XMLBlaster;2-MobileUMS, for reliable and efficient transmission between mobile devices and a server with pluggable components; 3-MobileMOM Server, a MOM server based on XMLBlaster Server.
引文
[1] Eiko Yoneki, Jean Bacon, Pronto: MobileGateway with publish-subscribe paradigm over wireless network, http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/, Febuary 2003
[2] Broadbeam Corporation White Paper, "The ExpressQ Wireless Platform", http://www.broadbeam.com, June 2003
[3] XMLBlaster open group. XMLBlaster reference, http://www.XMLBlaster.org
[4] Aberdeen Group : Mobile Middleware: Adding Business Value to Handheld Devices ,http://www.aberdeen.com, Dec 2002
[5] Mascolo C, Capra L, Emmerich W , Mobile computing middleware, 2nd IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference, MAY 19-24, 2002, ADVANCED LECTURES ON NETWORKING -NETWORKING 2002 TUTORIALS, 20-58, 2002
[6] Grace, Gordon S. Blair, Using a publish/subscribe middleware to support mobile computing, http://www.cs.arizona.edu, Nov 2001
[7] Do-Guen Jung, Kwang-Jin Paek, Tai-Yun Kim, Design of MOBILE MOM: Message Oriented Middleware Service for Mobile Computing , 1999 International Workshops on Parallel Processing, September 1999
[8] Raatikainen, K., Helsinki Univ., Finland , Middleware for mobile applications beyond 3G, Smart Networks. IFIP TC6/WG6.7 Seventh International Conference on Intelligence in Networks (SmartNet 2002)
[9] Capra Licia, Emmerich Wolfgang; Mascolo Cecilia, Middleware for mobile computing: Awareness vs. transparency, Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems -HOTOS, 2001, p 164
[10] Licia Capra, Cecilia Mascolo, Stefanos Zachariadis and Wolfgang Emmerich, Towards a Mobile Computing Middleware:a Synergy of Reflection and Mobile Code Techniques, Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS.01), 1071-0485/01 2001 IEEE, computer society
[11] Gianpaolo Cugola, H.-Arno Jacobsen, Using Publish/Subscribe Middleware for Mobile Systems, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[12] Ren Meier, Communication Paradigms for Mobile Computing, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[13] Prabuddha Biswas, Song Han, Jing Wu, Location Caching in the Mobile Middleware Platform, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mobile Data Management , January 2002
[14] Softwired, Inc. iBus//Mobile, http://www.softwired-inc.com/products/mobile/mobile.html, 2003
[15] Sun Microsystem, Inc. Java2 platform, Micro Edition. http://wireless.java.sun.com/j2me/index.html, 2003
[16] Licia Capra, Cecilia Mascolo, Stefanos Zachariadis and Wolfgang Emmerich. Towards a Mobile Computing Middleware: a Synergy of Reflection and Mobile Code Techniques. In Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems(FTDCS'01), 1071-0485/01 .IEEE Computer Society Press 2001.
[17] Web site for WAP Forum, http://www.wapforum.org
[18] Web site for Nokia Forum, http://www.forum.nokia.com
[19] Web site for Sun, http://www.sun.com
[20] Web site for IBM developer works, http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/
[21] Bellavista, Paolo; Corradi, Antonio; Stefanelli, Cesare, Mobile agent middleware for mobile computing, Computer, v 34, n 3, Mar, 2001, p 73-81
[22] Capra, Licia, Mobile computing middleware for context-aware applications, Proceedings -International Conference on Software Engineering, 2002, p 723-724
[23] Geihs, K., Middleware challenges ahead, Computer, v 34, n 6, June, 2001, p 24-31
[24] hewlett-packard middleware - products - total-e-mobile , http://www.e-speak.hp.com, Mar 2003
[25] Yih-Fam Chen, Huale Huang, Bin Wei, iMobile ME -a lightweight mobile service platform for peer-to-peer mobile computing, WITASI02: IFIP Workshop on Internet Technologies, Applications and Social Impact, 2002
[26] Ivana Podnar, Manfred Hauswirth, Mehdi Jazayeri, Mobile Push: Delivering Content to Mobile Users,, 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW '02), July 2002
[27] Upkar Varshney, Ron Vetter, A Framework for the Emerging Mobile Commerce Applications, Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii Intemational Conference on System Sciences - 2001, 0-7695-0981-9/01 2001 IEEE
[28] Farhad Arbab, Marcello Bonsangue, Frank de Boer, A Middleware Based on Mobile Channels, Proceedings of the 26 th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'02), 0730-3157/02 2002 IEEE, computer society
[29] Licia Capra, Wolfgang Emmerich, and Cecilia Mascolo,, Position Summary.Middleware for Mobile Computing: Awareness vs. Transparency, Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-ⅤⅢ.01), 1530-1621/01 2001 IEEE, computer society
[30] 蔡忠善，移动计算和移动数据库在我国的应用前景，http://www.swm.com.cn/rj/2001-4/10.htm, 2001
[31] 郭强，中国移动互联发展的概况，国务院发展研究中心信息网http://www.drcnet.com.cn/n, 2002.11
[32] IT之源的消息中间文档库，http://www.iturls.com/TechHotspot/TH_44.asp
[33] (美)贾西诺斯基(Jasnowski，M．)著，盖江南等译，Java，XML和Web服务宝典，电子工业出版社，2002．5
[34] 四木，主流的移动商务平台，计算机世界，2002．10
[35] 李春青，中间件的未来展望，http://www.tongtech.com/jsqy/yqxwview.asp?id=14,2003-6-17
[36] Allen，中间件与Web Services，灰狐动力：企业计算研究中心http://www.huihoo.com
[37] Joseph Owen, The Facts About Mobile Web Services, http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1107-982536.html, January 29, 2003
[38] Jeff Jurvis, Evolution of Mobile Web Services, http://www.fawcette.com/xmlmagl2002_08/magazine/columns/jjurvis/, August/September 2002 Issue
[39] Booth, iAnywhere Solutions Unveils Mobile Web Services Strategy, http://www.sybase.com/detail/1,6904,1017964,00.html
[40] (美)霍兹纳(Steven Holzner)著，闻道工作室 译，XSLT技术内幕，机械工业出
版社，2002．1
[41] Rod Ghani , The future of wireless banking——Implementing wireless banking and financial systems,http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-wi-banking/index_eng.shtml, July 2001
[42] Srikanth Raju, XML AND JAVA LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING FOR WIRELESS DEVICES: A TUTORIAL, http://www.sun.com/developers/evangcentral/totallytech/j2me.html,
[43] 周学泳 石丹 编著，短信息(SMS)与WAP的开发及应用，电子工业出版社2002年12月
[44] IBM. MQ Series. http://www.ibm.com/software/ts/mqseries/.
[45] Thomas Kunz, Mobile Code Middleware for Mobile Multimedia Information Access, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[46] CECILIA MASCOLO, LICIA CAPRA, STEFANOS ZACHARIADIS, XMIDDLE: A Data-Sharing Middleware for Mobile Computing, Wireless Personal Communications 21: 77-103,2002.
[47] Gerd Kortuem, Proem: A Middleware Platform for Mobile Peer-to-Peer Computing, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[48] Hendrik Decker, Mobile Middleware for Voice/Data-Integrated Interact Communication, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM.02) 0-7695-1500-2/02 2002 IEEE
[49] RAJIVE BAGRODIA., THOMAS PHAN and RICHARD GUY, A Scalable, Distributed Middleware Service Architecture to Support Mobile Interact Applications, Wireless Networks 9, 311-320, 2003
[50] Farhad Arbab, Frank de Boer, Juan Guillen Scholten, MoCha , A Middleware Based on Mobile Channels, Proceedings of the 26 th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'02) 0730-3157/02 2002 IEEE
[51] Mark Secrist Developing Web Services for Mobile Clients, http://community.isavvix.com/whitepapers/1020446341334.pdf, APRIL, 2002
[52] IBM WebSphere Everyplace Access ,http://www-900.ibm.com/cn/software/websphere/products/everyplace_suite/wea.shtml
[2] Broadbeam Corporation White Paper, "The ExpressQ Wireless Platform", http://www.broadbeam.com, June 2003
[3] XMLBlaster open group. XMLBlaster reference, http://www.XMLBlaster.org
[4] Aberdeen Group : Mobile Middleware: Adding Business Value to Handheld Devices ,http://www.aberdeen.com, Dec 2002
[5] Mascolo C, Capra L, Emmerich W , Mobile computing middleware, 2nd IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference, MAY 19-24, 2002, ADVANCED LECTURES ON NETWORKING -NETWORKING 2002 TUTORIALS, 20-58, 2002
[6] Grace, Gordon S. Blair, Using a publish/subscribe middleware to support mobile computing, http://www.cs.arizona.edu, Nov 2001
[7] Do-Guen Jung, Kwang-Jin Paek, Tai-Yun Kim, Design of MOBILE MOM: Message Oriented Middleware Service for Mobile Computing , 1999 International Workshops on Parallel Processing, September 1999
[8] Raatikainen, K., Helsinki Univ., Finland , Middleware for mobile applications beyond 3G, Smart Networks. IFIP TC6/WG6.7 Seventh International Conference on Intelligence in Networks (SmartNet 2002)
[9] Capra Licia, Emmerich Wolfgang; Mascolo Cecilia, Middleware for mobile computing: Awareness vs. transparency, Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems -HOTOS, 2001, p 164
[10] Licia Capra, Cecilia Mascolo, Stefanos Zachariadis and Wolfgang Emmerich, Towards a Mobile Computing Middleware:a Synergy of Reflection and Mobile Code Techniques, Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS.01), 1071-0485/01 2001 IEEE, computer society
[11] Gianpaolo Cugola, H.-Arno Jacobsen, Using Publish/Subscribe Middleware for Mobile Systems, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[12] Ren Meier, Communication Paradigms for Mobile Computing, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[13] Prabuddha Biswas, Song Han, Jing Wu, Location Caching in the Mobile Middleware Platform, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mobile Data Management , January 2002
[14] Softwired, Inc. iBus//Mobile, http://www.softwired-inc.com/products/mobile/mobile.html, 2003
[15] Sun Microsystem, Inc. Java2 platform, Micro Edition. http://wireless.java.sun.com/j2me/index.html, 2003
[16] Licia Capra, Cecilia Mascolo, Stefanos Zachariadis and Wolfgang Emmerich. Towards a Mobile Computing Middleware: a Synergy of Reflection and Mobile Code Techniques. In Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems(FTDCS'01), 1071-0485/01 .IEEE Computer Society Press 2001.
[17] Web site for WAP Forum, http://www.wapforum.org
[18] Web site for Nokia Forum, http://www.forum.nokia.com
[19] Web site for Sun, http://www.sun.com
[20] Web site for IBM developer works, http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/
[21] Bellavista, Paolo; Corradi, Antonio; Stefanelli, Cesare, Mobile agent middleware for mobile computing, Computer, v 34, n 3, Mar, 2001, p 73-81
[22] Capra, Licia, Mobile computing middleware for context-aware applications, Proceedings -International Conference on Software Engineering, 2002, p 723-724
[23] Geihs, K., Middleware challenges ahead, Computer, v 34, n 6, June, 2001, p 24-31
[24] hewlett-packard middleware - products - total-e-mobile , http://www.e-speak.hp.com, Mar 2003
[25] Yih-Fam Chen, Huale Huang, Bin Wei, iMobile ME -a lightweight mobile service platform for peer-to-peer mobile computing, WITASI02: IFIP Workshop on Internet Technologies, Applications and Social Impact, 2002
[26] Ivana Podnar, Manfred Hauswirth, Mehdi Jazayeri, Mobile Push: Delivering Content to Mobile Users,, 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW '02), July 2002
[27] Upkar Varshney, Ron Vetter, A Framework for the Emerging Mobile Commerce Applications, Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii Intemational Conference on System Sciences - 2001, 0-7695-0981-9/01 2001 IEEE
[28] Farhad Arbab, Marcello Bonsangue, Frank de Boer, A Middleware Based on Mobile Channels, Proceedings of the 26 th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'02), 0730-3157/02 2002 IEEE, computer society
[29] Licia Capra, Wolfgang Emmerich, and Cecilia Mascolo,, Position Summary.Middleware for Mobile Computing: Awareness vs. Transparency, Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-ⅤⅢ.01), 1530-1621/01 2001 IEEE, computer society
[30] 蔡忠善，移动计算和移动数据库在我国的应用前景，http://www.swm.com.cn/rj/2001-4/10.htm, 2001
[31] 郭强，中国移动互联发展的概况，国务院发展研究中心信息网http://www.drcnet.com.cn/n, 2002.11
[32] IT之源的消息中间文档库，http://www.iturls.com/TechHotspot/TH_44.asp
[33] (美)贾西诺斯基(Jasnowski，M．)著，盖江南等译，Java，XML和Web服务宝典，电子工业出版社，2002．5
[34] 四木，主流的移动商务平台，计算机世界，2002．10
[35] 李春青，中间件的未来展望，http://www.tongtech.com/jsqy/yqxwview.asp?id=14,2003-6-17
[36] Allen，中间件与Web Services，灰狐动力：企业计算研究中心http://www.huihoo.com
[37] Joseph Owen, The Facts About Mobile Web Services, http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1107-982536.html, January 29, 2003
[38] Jeff Jurvis, Evolution of Mobile Web Services, http://www.fawcette.com/xmlmagl2002_08/magazine/columns/jjurvis/, August/September 2002 Issue
[39] Booth, iAnywhere Solutions Unveils Mobile Web Services Strategy, http://www.sybase.com/detail/1,6904,1017964,00.html
[40] (美)霍兹纳(Steven Holzner)著，闻道工作室 译，XSLT技术内幕，机械工业出
版社，2002．1
[41] Rod Ghani , The future of wireless banking——Implementing wireless banking and financial systems,http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-wi-banking/index_eng.shtml, July 2001
[42] Srikanth Raju, XML AND JAVA LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING FOR WIRELESS DEVICES: A TUTORIAL, http://www.sun.com/developers/evangcentral/totallytech/j2me.html,
[43] 周学泳 石丹 编著，短信息(SMS)与WAP的开发及应用，电子工业出版社2002年12月
[44] IBM. MQ Series. http://www.ibm.com/software/ts/mqseries/.
[45] Thomas Kunz, Mobile Code Middleware for Mobile Multimedia Information Access, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[46] CECILIA MASCOLO, LICIA CAPRA, STEFANOS ZACHARIADIS, XMIDDLE: A Data-Sharing Middleware for Mobile Computing, Wireless Personal Communications 21: 77-103,2002.
[47] Gerd Kortuem, Proem: A Middleware Platform for Mobile Peer-to-Peer Computing, Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Volume 6, Number 4
[48] Hendrik Decker, Mobile Middleware for Voice/Data-Integrated Interact Communication, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM.02) 0-7695-1500-2/02 2002 IEEE
[49] RAJIVE BAGRODIA., THOMAS PHAN and RICHARD GUY, A Scalable, Distributed Middleware Service Architecture to Support Mobile Interact Applications, Wireless Networks 9, 311-320, 2003
[50] Farhad Arbab, Frank de Boer, Juan Guillen Scholten, MoCha , A Middleware Based on Mobile Channels, Proceedings of the 26 th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'02) 0730-3157/02 2002 IEEE
[51] Mark Secrist Developing Web Services for Mobile Clients, http://community.isavvix.com/whitepapers/1020446341334.pdf, APRIL, 2002
[52] IBM WebSphere Everyplace Access ,http://www-900.ibm.com/cn/software/websphere/products/everyplace_suite/wea.shtml
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