基于CDMA的远程心电监测系统的研制
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摘要
心脏病是威胁人类生命的最主要疾病之一,它具有突发性强、致死率高的特点,如何有效的预防心脏病已经引起医学界和普通群众的日益关注。心电信号是诊断心血管疾病的重要依据,传统的心电记录装置(Holter)能够对心电信号不间断记录24或48小时,但对信号的分析处理只能在医院进行,因此不具有实时性。无线通讯技术的迅速普及推动了远程医疗的进步,国内外相继开发出基于无线网络的远程心电系统,监护中心通过该系统在任意时间、任何地点都能够监测用户心电信号。
本文研制了基于CDMA无线网络的远程心电信号监测系统。
针对心电信号幅度小、易受干扰的特点,设计了心电滤波放大电路,有效地滤除了各种干扰信号,将心电信号适当地放大。文中对滤波电路性能进行了仿真和实际调试,结果表明,该设计方案能够满足实际需求。
考虑到多导联心电信号数据量大的特点,本文选用基于整整小波变换的数据压缩算法对心电数据进行了压缩处理,在保证一定精度的情况下,取得了较好的压缩比,降低了无线数据传输成本。
监测终端采用单片机和DSP的双处理器结构,完成了心电信号的数模转换、数据压缩,利用FPGA实现单片机和DSP的全部译码逻辑以及串并转换功能,大大节省了电路板空间。通过串口控制CDMA数据终端向监护中心发送心电数据,实现了数据的无线传输。
另外,本文开发了监护中心通信软件,实现了监护中心与监测终端底层数据传输。
Heart disease is one of the uppermost disease that threatens human’s life,it is characterized by its abruptness and high death rate, and people have attatched more and more importance to the prevention of heart disease. Electrocardiosignal is an important basis of heart disease diagnosis. Traditional recorder(Holter) can continuously records electrocardiosignal for 24 or 48 hours, but data analysis has to be done in hospital. The development of mobile communication technique promotes remote chemical remarkably, and the remote electrocardiosignal monitor systems based on wireless network are developed all around the world, monitor center can acquire patient’s electrocardiosignal through the wireless network from anywhere and at any time.
In this thesis, a remote electrocardiosignal monitor system based on CDMA is developed by us.
Electrocardiosignal is very weak and easily interfered, To cope with the difficulties amplifier and filter circuits are designed to filter the interference signals and amplify electrocardiosignal to appropriate scale. Simulation and real test both indicate that it can meet the operational requirement.
To reduce the data rate of multiple lead electrocardiosignal, a data compression algorithm based on integer-to-integer wavelet transform is introduced to compress the multiple lead electrocardiosignal. The algorithm achieves good compression rate, reduces the transmission cost and keeps a good enough precision.
Dual-processor structure including Microcontroller and DSP is adapted in monitor terminal to accomplish analog-to-digital convert and data compression. Additional, FPGA is used to implement all decode logic circuits and transformation between serial signals and parallel signals, which saves PCB space remarkably. The monitor terminal transmits data by CDMA Data Terminal Unit which is controlled through serial port.
Communitation software is also developed, which implements data transmission between monitor terminal and monitor center.
本文研制了基于CDMA无线网络的远程心电信号监测系统。
针对心电信号幅度小、易受干扰的特点,设计了心电滤波放大电路,有效地滤除了各种干扰信号,将心电信号适当地放大。文中对滤波电路性能进行了仿真和实际调试,结果表明,该设计方案能够满足实际需求。
考虑到多导联心电信号数据量大的特点,本文选用基于整整小波变换的数据压缩算法对心电数据进行了压缩处理,在保证一定精度的情况下,取得了较好的压缩比,降低了无线数据传输成本。
监测终端采用单片机和DSP的双处理器结构,完成了心电信号的数模转换、数据压缩,利用FPGA实现单片机和DSP的全部译码逻辑以及串并转换功能,大大节省了电路板空间。通过串口控制CDMA数据终端向监护中心发送心电数据,实现了数据的无线传输。
另外,本文开发了监护中心通信软件,实现了监护中心与监测终端底层数据传输。
Heart disease is one of the uppermost disease that threatens human’s life,it is characterized by its abruptness and high death rate, and people have attatched more and more importance to the prevention of heart disease. Electrocardiosignal is an important basis of heart disease diagnosis. Traditional recorder(Holter) can continuously records electrocardiosignal for 24 or 48 hours, but data analysis has to be done in hospital. The development of mobile communication technique promotes remote chemical remarkably, and the remote electrocardiosignal monitor systems based on wireless network are developed all around the world, monitor center can acquire patient’s electrocardiosignal through the wireless network from anywhere and at any time.
In this thesis, a remote electrocardiosignal monitor system based on CDMA is developed by us.
Electrocardiosignal is very weak and easily interfered, To cope with the difficulties amplifier and filter circuits are designed to filter the interference signals and amplify electrocardiosignal to appropriate scale. Simulation and real test both indicate that it can meet the operational requirement.
To reduce the data rate of multiple lead electrocardiosignal, a data compression algorithm based on integer-to-integer wavelet transform is introduced to compress the multiple lead electrocardiosignal. The algorithm achieves good compression rate, reduces the transmission cost and keeps a good enough precision.
Dual-processor structure including Microcontroller and DSP is adapted in monitor terminal to accomplish analog-to-digital convert and data compression. Additional, FPGA is used to implement all decode logic circuits and transformation between serial signals and parallel signals, which saves PCB space remarkably. The monitor terminal transmits data by CDMA Data Terminal Unit which is controlled through serial port.
Communitation software is also developed, which implements data transmission between monitor terminal and monitor center.
引文
1黄宛.临川心电图学.人民卫生出版社, 2005:10~30
2王志毅,高克俭.心电图形态诊断学.天津科学技术初版社, 2001:20~35
3张帷,张石.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计.医疗设备信息. 2005,20(10)
4 K. Y. Kong, C. Y. Ng. Web-Based Monitoring of real-time ECG date. IEEE Computers in Cardiology. 2000,38(2):29~42
5李志平,张福利.心电研究与现代心电图检测法建立的历史回顾.中华医史杂志, 1999, (4):215
6苗建宁. Holter技术发展展望.医疗信息,2006,19(2):202~204
7 Sung-Nien. A Wireless Physiological Signal Monitoring System with Integrated Bluetooth and WiFi Technologies. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, Shanghai, China. 2005:2203~2206
8 Zhu Qiang. A Wireless PDA-based Electrocardiogram Transmission System for Telemedicine. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, Shanghai, China. 2005:3807~3809
9 R. Fensli. A wireless ECG system for continuous event recording and communication to a clinical alarm station. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology– Proceedings. 2004:2208~2211
10石峰,柳桂国. GPRS介绍.浙江工商职业技术学报. 2002,1(3):72~75
11殷学文.无线网络及其安全性.计算机工程, 2006,32(13):173
12 L. J. Liang, Liu Hsien-Chieh. The development of wireless sensor network for ECG monitoring. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2006:3513~3516
13杨虎.远程心电监测技术进展.中国医疗器械信息, 2006,11(6):12
14 R. Jimena, D. Lacramioara. A Wireless Application that Monitors ECG Signals ON-LINE. ICEIS 2004-Software Agents Aan Internet Computing, 2004: 138~145
15朱新建,吴宝明,彭承琳.国内远程医疗系统建设进展与展望.医疗卫生装备. 2003,4(5):26~28
16姚湘平,张跃.基于GPRS的远程心电实时监护终端. 2002, (4):77~79
17李亨元,杨宗凯.基于GPRS网的远程远程移动心电监护系统的研制. 2005,25(3):180~181
18熊晓君.高增益低噪声心电放大器的设计与分析.陕西科技大学学报. 2005,23(4):64~66
19张帷,张石.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计.医疗设备信息. 2005,20(10):7~9
20任洪林,陈玥名.消除电网工频信号干扰的陷波电路设计.佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版). 2007,25(1):5~6
21张明峰. PIC单片机入门与实践.北京航空航天出版社. 2004:220~240
22成都众山科技有限公司. ZSD222X嵌入式DTU手册. 2006:23~24
23赵安,吴宝明.心电数据压缩技术的新进展.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2005,28(2):89~93
24 V. Kumar. Improved modified AZTEC technique for ECG data compression: Effect of length of parabolic filter on reconstructed signal. Computers and Electrical Engineering. 2005,31(4):334~344
25 M. S. Jalaleddine. Sateh. ECG data compression techniques-A unified approach. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1990,37(4):329~335.
26 A. Z. Averbuch. Low bit-rate efficient compression for seismic data. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 2001,10(12):1801~1814
27 B. A. Rajoub. An efficient coding algorithm for the compression of ECG signals using the wavelet transform. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2002,49(4):355~362
28 A. Erdemir. Data compression using wavelet transforms and vector quantization. Proceedings of the 37th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems. 1994:965~968
29 B. R. Shankara Reddy. ECG Data Compression Using Fourier Descriptors. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1986,33(4):428~434
30 A. Iwata. Data compression of the ECG using neural network for digital Holter monitor. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1990,9(3):53~57
31 V. Kumar. Direct data compression of ECG signal for telemedicine. International Journal of Systems Science. 2006,37(1):45~63
32杨宜康,贾敬肖,杨传胜.动态心电数据的小波网络压缩算法.西北大学学报, 2001,31(6):469~472.
33 T. SunHan. Parameter estimation with multiterminal data compression. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 1995,47(6):1802~1813
34 E. Keogh. Compression-based data mining of sequential data. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 2007,14(1):99~129
35冉启文.小波变换与分数傅立叶变换理论及应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2001:20~105
36 D Ingrid. Ten Lectures on Wavelets.李建平,杨万年.国防工业出版社, 2004:127~153
37 Kavousianos. Multilevel Huffman coding: An efficient test-data compression method for IP cores. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 2007,26(6):1070~1083
38郑朝晖.基于算术编码的雷达波形数据压缩.火控雷达技术. 2002,37(2):24~29
39 M. D. Adams. Reversible Integer-to-Integer Wavelet Transforms for Image Compression. IEEE Transactions on image processing. 2000,9(6):1010~1024
40 A. R. Calderbank. Wavelet Transforms That Map Integers to Integers. Applied and Computational Harmonics Analysis. 1998, (5):332~369
41李刚,吴宝明.移动远程心电监护系统监护中心的设计.自动化与仪器仪表. 2005, (2):18~21
2王志毅,高克俭.心电图形态诊断学.天津科学技术初版社, 2001:20~35
3张帷,张石.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计.医疗设备信息. 2005,20(10)
4 K. Y. Kong, C. Y. Ng. Web-Based Monitoring of real-time ECG date. IEEE Computers in Cardiology. 2000,38(2):29~42
5李志平,张福利.心电研究与现代心电图检测法建立的历史回顾.中华医史杂志, 1999, (4):215
6苗建宁. Holter技术发展展望.医疗信息,2006,19(2):202~204
7 Sung-Nien. A Wireless Physiological Signal Monitoring System with Integrated Bluetooth and WiFi Technologies. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, Shanghai, China. 2005:2203~2206
8 Zhu Qiang. A Wireless PDA-based Electrocardiogram Transmission System for Telemedicine. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, Shanghai, China. 2005:3807~3809
9 R. Fensli. A wireless ECG system for continuous event recording and communication to a clinical alarm station. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology– Proceedings. 2004:2208~2211
10石峰,柳桂国. GPRS介绍.浙江工商职业技术学报. 2002,1(3):72~75
11殷学文.无线网络及其安全性.计算机工程, 2006,32(13):173
12 L. J. Liang, Liu Hsien-Chieh. The development of wireless sensor network for ECG monitoring. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2006:3513~3516
13杨虎.远程心电监测技术进展.中国医疗器械信息, 2006,11(6):12
14 R. Jimena, D. Lacramioara. A Wireless Application that Monitors ECG Signals ON-LINE. ICEIS 2004-Software Agents Aan Internet Computing, 2004: 138~145
15朱新建,吴宝明,彭承琳.国内远程医疗系统建设进展与展望.医疗卫生装备. 2003,4(5):26~28
16姚湘平,张跃.基于GPRS的远程心电实时监护终端. 2002, (4):77~79
17李亨元,杨宗凯.基于GPRS网的远程远程移动心电监护系统的研制. 2005,25(3):180~181
18熊晓君.高增益低噪声心电放大器的设计与分析.陕西科技大学学报. 2005,23(4):64~66
19张帷,张石.便携式心电监护仪前置放大电路和抗干扰的设计.医疗设备信息. 2005,20(10):7~9
20任洪林,陈玥名.消除电网工频信号干扰的陷波电路设计.佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版). 2007,25(1):5~6
21张明峰. PIC单片机入门与实践.北京航空航天出版社. 2004:220~240
22成都众山科技有限公司. ZSD222X嵌入式DTU手册. 2006:23~24
23赵安,吴宝明.心电数据压缩技术的新进展.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2005,28(2):89~93
24 V. Kumar. Improved modified AZTEC technique for ECG data compression: Effect of length of parabolic filter on reconstructed signal. Computers and Electrical Engineering. 2005,31(4):334~344
25 M. S. Jalaleddine. Sateh. ECG data compression techniques-A unified approach. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1990,37(4):329~335.
26 A. Z. Averbuch. Low bit-rate efficient compression for seismic data. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 2001,10(12):1801~1814
27 B. A. Rajoub. An efficient coding algorithm for the compression of ECG signals using the wavelet transform. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2002,49(4):355~362
28 A. Erdemir. Data compression using wavelet transforms and vector quantization. Proceedings of the 37th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems. 1994:965~968
29 B. R. Shankara Reddy. ECG Data Compression Using Fourier Descriptors. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1986,33(4):428~434
30 A. Iwata. Data compression of the ECG using neural network for digital Holter monitor. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1990,9(3):53~57
31 V. Kumar. Direct data compression of ECG signal for telemedicine. International Journal of Systems Science. 2006,37(1):45~63
32杨宜康,贾敬肖,杨传胜.动态心电数据的小波网络压缩算法.西北大学学报, 2001,31(6):469~472.
33 T. SunHan. Parameter estimation with multiterminal data compression. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 1995,47(6):1802~1813
34 E. Keogh. Compression-based data mining of sequential data. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 2007,14(1):99~129
35冉启文.小波变换与分数傅立叶变换理论及应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2001:20~105
36 D Ingrid. Ten Lectures on Wavelets.李建平,杨万年.国防工业出版社, 2004:127~153
37 Kavousianos. Multilevel Huffman coding: An efficient test-data compression method for IP cores. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 2007,26(6):1070~1083
38郑朝晖.基于算术编码的雷达波形数据压缩.火控雷达技术. 2002,37(2):24~29
39 M. D. Adams. Reversible Integer-to-Integer Wavelet Transforms for Image Compression. IEEE Transactions on image processing. 2000,9(6):1010~1024
40 A. R. Calderbank. Wavelet Transforms That Map Integers to Integers. Applied and Computational Harmonics Analysis. 1998, (5):332~369
41李刚,吴宝明.移动远程心电监护系统监护中心的设计.自动化与仪器仪表. 2005, (2):18~21
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