基于小波的UWB雷达信号采集及频带分割滤波器研究
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摘要
现代雷达技术正朝着超宽带、超分辨、多功能、智能化的方向发展，小波变换对超宽带雷达信号的分析具有独特之处，小波变换与超宽带雷达信号处理的结合研究具有巨大的潜力。本文主要研究小波理论在超宽带雷达信号采集中的应用及仿真，主要集中在以下几个方面：
1.小波基本理论、多分辨分析。讨论了基于正交小波的信号分解算法和重构算法，给出了分解与重构的实例。
2.在超宽带雷达数据采集系统的设计中，首先讨论了一种基于多采样速率的多通道数据采集系统，讨论了其非理想重构的问题。在此基础上研究了基于小波及多分辨理论的多通道数据采集方法，设计出了基于正交小波的双通道及多通道数据采集系统。
3.研究了最小频宽的正交镜像滤波器和具有线性相位的正交镜像滤波器的设计方法，给出了设计结果。以线性调频信号为实验信号，比较了它们分解和重构信号的性能。
4.在频带分割滤波器的设计方法中，用5阶巴特沃斯滤波器逼近最小频宽正交镜像滤波器，对无源和有源滤波器进行了仿真设计；设计并制作了无源LC低通和高通滤波器，测试了它们的性能；并对分割滤波器在系统中的应用进行了计算机仿真。
5. 分析了模拟滤波器与数字滤波器幅频响应间有差异时对信号重构的影响，并就如何在数字系统中进行补偿进行了研究，设计了修正后的重构低通和高通滤波器,并应用于分解与重构系统中。
Ultra-wide band Radar is one of the trends in modern Radar technology because of its ability in super-resolution. Wavelets analysis is a promising approach to process ultra-wide band Radar signal. It has tremendous potential to combine wavelets with ultra-wide band Radar. The main achievement of this dissertation can be summarized as follows:
1.The basic theory of wavelet and multiresolution analysis. we discuss the arithmetic of decomposing and restructuring, and give a example of a signal decomposedand restructured.
2. We discuss a data acquisition system by using multi-channel structure based on multirate sampling, and discuss the problem that it isn't a ideal system. Second, a data acquisition system by using multi-channel structure based on wavelet and multiresolution is proposed. So,we can finish the collection and resume of signal by using the data acquisition system by using multi-channel structure based on wavelet and multiresolution.
3. We design the QMF based on the criteria of minimum frequency bandwidth and the QMF that possess linear phase, and give a example of a signal decomposed and restructured.
4.In the research of channel dropping filters, we use 5 rank Butterworth filter to approach the digital filter. We design LC unpower netwok and RC power network.We manufacture LC Lowpass and highpass filter，and test their performance;We simulate the appliance of the channel dropping filters in the system.
5. Design the digital correctional filter to correct the amplitude and frequency response of the reconstruct filter,and acquire satisfact effect.
1.小波基本理论、多分辨分析。讨论了基于正交小波的信号分解算法和重构算法，给出了分解与重构的实例。
2.在超宽带雷达数据采集系统的设计中，首先讨论了一种基于多采样速率的多通道数据采集系统，讨论了其非理想重构的问题。在此基础上研究了基于小波及多分辨理论的多通道数据采集方法，设计出了基于正交小波的双通道及多通道数据采集系统。
3.研究了最小频宽的正交镜像滤波器和具有线性相位的正交镜像滤波器的设计方法，给出了设计结果。以线性调频信号为实验信号，比较了它们分解和重构信号的性能。
4.在频带分割滤波器的设计方法中，用5阶巴特沃斯滤波器逼近最小频宽正交镜像滤波器，对无源和有源滤波器进行了仿真设计；设计并制作了无源LC低通和高通滤波器，测试了它们的性能；并对分割滤波器在系统中的应用进行了计算机仿真。
5. 分析了模拟滤波器与数字滤波器幅频响应间有差异时对信号重构的影响，并就如何在数字系统中进行补偿进行了研究，设计了修正后的重构低通和高通滤波器,并应用于分解与重构系统中。
Ultra-wide band Radar is one of the trends in modern Radar technology because of its ability in super-resolution. Wavelets analysis is a promising approach to process ultra-wide band Radar signal. It has tremendous potential to combine wavelets with ultra-wide band Radar. The main achievement of this dissertation can be summarized as follows:
1.The basic theory of wavelet and multiresolution analysis. we discuss the arithmetic of decomposing and restructuring, and give a example of a signal decomposedand restructured.
2. We discuss a data acquisition system by using multi-channel structure based on multirate sampling, and discuss the problem that it isn't a ideal system. Second, a data acquisition system by using multi-channel structure based on wavelet and multiresolution is proposed. So,we can finish the collection and resume of signal by using the data acquisition system by using multi-channel structure based on wavelet and multiresolution.
3. We design the QMF based on the criteria of minimum frequency bandwidth and the QMF that possess linear phase, and give a example of a signal decomposed and restructured.
4.In the research of channel dropping filters, we use 5 rank Butterworth filter to approach the digital filter. We design LC unpower netwok and RC power network.We manufacture LC Lowpass and highpass filter，and test their performance;We simulate the appliance of the channel dropping filters in the system.
5. Design the digital correctional filter to correct the amplitude and frequency response of the reconstruct filter,and acquire satisfact effect.
引文
[1] S.Mallat. Multi-frequency Channel decomposition of images and wavelet model. IEEE Trans. on ASSP, Vol.37, No.12, 1989.
[2] S.Mallat. A theory for multiscale signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol.11, 1989:674-693.
[3] Bor-Sen chen and Chin-Wei Lin,Multiscale wiener filter for the restoration of fractal signals: Wavelet filter bank approach, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol.42, No.11, 1994.
[4] I.Daubechies. Ten lectures on wavelets. CBMS-NSF Series in Applied Mathematics, SIAM, 1991.
[5] I.Daubechies. The wavelet transform, time-frequency location and signal analysis. IEEE Trans. on IT, Vol.36, 1990:961-1005.
[6] 杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社，1999.
[7] 程正兴.小波分析算法与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社，1998.
[8] (美) 崔锦泰等，小波分析导论. 西安:西安交通大学出版社，1995.
[9] Danel R.Z., David L.S., Timothy W.F.. A hardware-efficient, Multirate, Digital Channelized receiver Architecture. IEEE Transactions on AES, Vol.34, No.1, 1998.
[10] David L.S. and James B.Y.. Analysis of the linear amplifier/analog-digital converter interface in a digital microwave receiver. IEEE Transactions on AES, Vol.31, No.1, 1995.
[11] Georage T. Ruck. Ultra-wide band radar receiver. SPIE Vol.1631, 1992: 174-180.
[12] K.C. Ho, Y. T. Chan, R. Inkol. A digital quadarature demodulation system. IEEE Transactions on AES, Vol.32, 1996.
[13] Shinagawa M.S., Akazawa Y. And Wakimoto T.. Jitter analysis of high speed sampling system. IEEE Journal of Solid-States Circuit, Vol.25, Feb. 1990:220-224.
[14] Tusi, J. Microwave receiver with electronic warfare applications. Nework: Wiley, 1986.
[15] Xiang Jiabin, Ma Xiaoyan. A fully digital processing approach for radar IF signal direct quadrature sampling. 1996 CIE International Conference of Radar Proceedings, IEEE Press, 1996.
[16] 沈兰荪. 高速雷达数据采集系统的原理和应用. 北京：人民邮电出版社，1995.
[17] A.Akansu, The binomial QMF-Wavelet transform for multiresolution signal decomposition, IEEE Transactions on SP, Vol.41, No.1, pp.13-19.
[18] Peng Zhiwei, Wang Bo and Liao Guisheng, A method of designing optimal wavelet filter banks, Proceedings of ICSP' 98, Bei jing, China, 1998,pp.253-255.
See-May Phoong, and P.P.Vaidyanathan, Time-varying filters and filter banks: some basic
[19] principles, IEEE Transactions on SP, Vol.44, 1996, pp.2971-2987.
[20] See-May Phoong, and P.P.Vaidyanathan, Factorability of lossless time varying filters and filter banks,IEEE Transactions on SP,Vol.45, No.8, 1997, pp.1971-1986.
[21] M.Vetterli, Wavelet and filter bank, theory and design, IEEE Transactions on SP, Vol.40, No.9,1992, pp.2207-2231.
[22] T.Q.Nguyen, Two channel perfect reconstrunction FIR QMF structure which yield linear phase FIR analysis and synthesis filters, IEEE Transactions on ASSP, Vol.37, No.5, 1989, pp.676-690.
[23] R.E.Crochieee, and L.R.Rabiner, Multirate Digital signal processing, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1983.
[24] 林茂庸，柯有安.雷达信号理论.北京：国防工业出版社，1984年.
[25] (美) L.R 拉宾讷等.数字信号处理的原理与应用.北京：国防工业出版社，1982.
[26] 张明友.信号与系统分析.成都：四川科学技术出版社，1991年.
[27] 丁鹭飞，耿富录.雷达原理.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2000.
[28] 向敬成，张明友.雷达系统.北京：电子工业出版社，2001.
[29] 胡广书.数字信号处理－理论、算法与实现. 北京：清华大学出版社，1997.
[30] 王光泰，徐继麟等.超宽带雷达技术特点.电子科技大学学报，1997，26（增 刊）:13-16.
[31] 粟毅，匡纲要，郭盛桃，等.超宽带雷达信号处理技术和实验研究.电子科学学刊，Vol.19, No.6, Nov.1997:768-772.
[32] 陈隽永，徐继麟.超宽带雷达接收机设计.电子科技大学学报， Vol.29, No.5, 2000:461-466.
[33] 陈隽永，徐继麟.小波理论在超宽带雷达信号数据采集中的应用.系统工程与电子技术，Vol.22, No.5, 2000:49-50.
[34] 水鹏朗，保铮.基于频带分割的超宽带雷达脉冲压缩方法.电子学报，Vol.27, No.6, 1999:50-53.
[35] 范中，田立生. 用于信号逼近的最佳正交子波选择方法. 电子科学学刊，Vol.17, No.5, 1995: 449-455.
[36] 陈隽永.小波理论及其在超宽带雷达中的应用研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2000.
[37] 黄香馥，陈天麒，李西平.网络分析与综合导论.北京：中国铁道出版社，1989年.
[38] (美) 阿瑟.B.威廉斯等. 电子滤波器设计手册. 北京：电子工业出版社, 1986.
[2] S.Mallat. A theory for multiscale signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol.11, 1989:674-693.
[3] Bor-Sen chen and Chin-Wei Lin,Multiscale wiener filter for the restoration of fractal signals: Wavelet filter bank approach, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol.42, No.11, 1994.
[4] I.Daubechies. Ten lectures on wavelets. CBMS-NSF Series in Applied Mathematics, SIAM, 1991.
[5] I.Daubechies. The wavelet transform, time-frequency location and signal analysis. IEEE Trans. on IT, Vol.36, 1990:961-1005.
[6] 杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社，1999.
[7] 程正兴.小波分析算法与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社，1998.
[8] (美) 崔锦泰等，小波分析导论. 西安:西安交通大学出版社，1995.
[9] Danel R.Z., David L.S., Timothy W.F.. A hardware-efficient, Multirate, Digital Channelized receiver Architecture. IEEE Transactions on AES, Vol.34, No.1, 1998.
[10] David L.S. and James B.Y.. Analysis of the linear amplifier/analog-digital converter interface in a digital microwave receiver. IEEE Transactions on AES, Vol.31, No.1, 1995.
[11] Georage T. Ruck. Ultra-wide band radar receiver. SPIE Vol.1631, 1992: 174-180.
[12] K.C. Ho, Y. T. Chan, R. Inkol. A digital quadarature demodulation system. IEEE Transactions on AES, Vol.32, 1996.
[13] Shinagawa M.S., Akazawa Y. And Wakimoto T.. Jitter analysis of high speed sampling system. IEEE Journal of Solid-States Circuit, Vol.25, Feb. 1990:220-224.
[14] Tusi, J. Microwave receiver with electronic warfare applications. Nework: Wiley, 1986.
[15] Xiang Jiabin, Ma Xiaoyan. A fully digital processing approach for radar IF signal direct quadrature sampling. 1996 CIE International Conference of Radar Proceedings, IEEE Press, 1996.
[16] 沈兰荪. 高速雷达数据采集系统的原理和应用. 北京：人民邮电出版社，1995.
[17] A.Akansu, The binomial QMF-Wavelet transform for multiresolution signal decomposition, IEEE Transactions on SP, Vol.41, No.1, pp.13-19.
[18] Peng Zhiwei, Wang Bo and Liao Guisheng, A method of designing optimal wavelet filter banks, Proceedings of ICSP' 98, Bei jing, China, 1998,pp.253-255.
See-May Phoong, and P.P.Vaidyanathan, Time-varying filters and filter banks: some basic
[19] principles, IEEE Transactions on SP, Vol.44, 1996, pp.2971-2987.
[20] See-May Phoong, and P.P.Vaidyanathan, Factorability of lossless time varying filters and filter banks,IEEE Transactions on SP,Vol.45, No.8, 1997, pp.1971-1986.
[21] M.Vetterli, Wavelet and filter bank, theory and design, IEEE Transactions on SP, Vol.40, No.9,1992, pp.2207-2231.
[22] T.Q.Nguyen, Two channel perfect reconstrunction FIR QMF structure which yield linear phase FIR analysis and synthesis filters, IEEE Transactions on ASSP, Vol.37, No.5, 1989, pp.676-690.
[23] R.E.Crochieee, and L.R.Rabiner, Multirate Digital signal processing, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1983.
[24] 林茂庸，柯有安.雷达信号理论.北京：国防工业出版社，1984年.
[25] (美) L.R 拉宾讷等.数字信号处理的原理与应用.北京：国防工业出版社，1982.
[26] 张明友.信号与系统分析.成都：四川科学技术出版社，1991年.
[27] 丁鹭飞，耿富录.雷达原理.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2000.
[28] 向敬成，张明友.雷达系统.北京：电子工业出版社，2001.
[29] 胡广书.数字信号处理－理论、算法与实现. 北京：清华大学出版社，1997.
[30] 王光泰，徐继麟等.超宽带雷达技术特点.电子科技大学学报，1997，26（增 刊）:13-16.
[31] 粟毅，匡纲要，郭盛桃，等.超宽带雷达信号处理技术和实验研究.电子科学学刊，Vol.19, No.6, Nov.1997:768-772.
[32] 陈隽永，徐继麟.超宽带雷达接收机设计.电子科技大学学报， Vol.29, No.5, 2000:461-466.
[33] 陈隽永，徐继麟.小波理论在超宽带雷达信号数据采集中的应用.系统工程与电子技术，Vol.22, No.5, 2000:49-50.
[34] 水鹏朗，保铮.基于频带分割的超宽带雷达脉冲压缩方法.电子学报，Vol.27, No.6, 1999:50-53.
[35] 范中，田立生. 用于信号逼近的最佳正交子波选择方法. 电子科学学刊，Vol.17, No.5, 1995: 449-455.
[36] 陈隽永.小波理论及其在超宽带雷达中的应用研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2000.
[37] 黄香馥，陈天麒，李西平.网络分析与综合导论.北京：中国铁道出版社，1989年.
[38] (美) 阿瑟.B.威廉斯等. 电子滤波器设计手册. 北京：电子工业出版社, 1986.