混合交通流信号交叉口交通控制优化研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的高速发展,城市化进程不断加快,城市交通量迅速增长,交通需求急剧增加,交通拥堵时常发生,由此引起交通事故频发、能源消耗激增、环境污染不断加剧,进而制约整个城市的经济发展,缓解交通拥堵问题己迫在眉睫。
信号交叉口是城市交通的关键。在信号交叉口,相交道路上运行的不同交通流在此选择和变换运行方向,是交通流的集散点。信号交叉口交通流运行顺畅与否,将影响整个城市的交通运行状况。因此,信号交叉口交通控制的好坏是能否解决交通拥堵问题的关键。
我国城市信号交叉口,由于交通设施建设滞后以及管理措施不够完善等原因,机动车、非机动车、行人在交叉口内混行,造成交叉口交通秩序混乱、车速下降、延误增加、交通安全性降低。因此,研究信号交叉口混合交通流特性,并在此基础上进行合理的交通控制,对缓解城市交通拥堵具有重要的意义。
本文首先概述了交叉口交通信号控制参数及其之间的关系,给出了各参数的计算公式,简要论述了交通信号控制评价指标,并对交通信号控制方式进行了分类介绍。接着对信号交叉口各种交通流的交通特性和交通冲突进行了分析。在此基础上,总结提出了机动车、非机动车、行人的渠化优化设计方案和交叉口渠化设计流程。总结提出了机动车、非机动车、行人的信号相位优化方案,研究了信号控制与交通渠化组合设计优化,并提出了3种典型的方案。总结了传统的信号配时计算公式,提出了自行车两次绿灯法绿灯间隔时间计算公式,行人专用相位绿灯时间计算公式。最后结合具体实例——西安市大差市交叉口,通过实地调查研究,分析其存在的问题,针对性地提出信号控制与交通渠化组合设计优化方案,使用仿真软件vissim对优化方案进行仿真并评价。
With the high-speed development of our country’s economy and the speed-up of urbanization, urban traffic flow is growing rapidly, the demand for traffic facilities is growing drastically and traffic jams have become a common phenomenon. All these lead to high traffic accident rates, drastic growth of energy consumption and severer environment pollution. Further they hinder economic development of the whole city. Thus, relieving the traffic jam is well on the agenda.
Signalized intersection is the key of urban traffic. At the signalized intersection, different traffic flow, previously driving on roads which meet on the intersection, first choose their new direction and then change their flow direction. These intersections compose the meeting-up and dismissing points of the traffic flow. The smooth working of traffic flow at signalized intersections will affect a city’s whole traffic flow condition. Thus the quality of traffic control at signalized intersection is the key for the solving of traffic jams.
In our country for the reasons of traffic facility construction’s lag and the imperfection of the corresponding management measures, motor-vehicles, non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians drive in the intersections at the same time. This leads to the traffic disorder of the intersection, slow down of the vehicles, the increase of the delay and the reduction of traffic safety. So researching the character of mixed traffic flow at the intersection and the conduction of reasonable traffic control based on the research mean a lot to the release of urban traffic jam.
This paper first summarizes traffic signal control parameters and their relations, telling the calculation formula of each parameter, stating briefly traffic signal control evaluation indexes and introducing traffic control means.Then this paper analyzes different traffic characters and traffic conflict at the intersections.Based on this, this paper puts forward the optimized traffic channelization design for motor-vehicle, non-motorized vehicle and pedestrian respectively as well as intersection channelization design process.The optimized signal phase plans for motor-vehicle, non-motorized vehicle and pedestrian are summarized. Based on the research for integrated optimization of signal control and traffic channelization, 3 typical plans are put forward.Traditional calculating formulas for signal timing are summarized. The calculating formulas of green interval of tow green light law of bicycle and green time of phase for pedestrian are put forward.At last, a case—Xi’an Dachai Shi intersection, is introduced. By analyzing this case, integrated optimization plan is put forward. Simulation as well as evaluation of this plan is conducted with the use of simulation software—VISSIM.
信号交叉口是城市交通的关键。在信号交叉口,相交道路上运行的不同交通流在此选择和变换运行方向,是交通流的集散点。信号交叉口交通流运行顺畅与否,将影响整个城市的交通运行状况。因此,信号交叉口交通控制的好坏是能否解决交通拥堵问题的关键。
我国城市信号交叉口,由于交通设施建设滞后以及管理措施不够完善等原因,机动车、非机动车、行人在交叉口内混行,造成交叉口交通秩序混乱、车速下降、延误增加、交通安全性降低。因此,研究信号交叉口混合交通流特性,并在此基础上进行合理的交通控制,对缓解城市交通拥堵具有重要的意义。
本文首先概述了交叉口交通信号控制参数及其之间的关系,给出了各参数的计算公式,简要论述了交通信号控制评价指标,并对交通信号控制方式进行了分类介绍。接着对信号交叉口各种交通流的交通特性和交通冲突进行了分析。在此基础上,总结提出了机动车、非机动车、行人的渠化优化设计方案和交叉口渠化设计流程。总结提出了机动车、非机动车、行人的信号相位优化方案,研究了信号控制与交通渠化组合设计优化,并提出了3种典型的方案。总结了传统的信号配时计算公式,提出了自行车两次绿灯法绿灯间隔时间计算公式,行人专用相位绿灯时间计算公式。最后结合具体实例——西安市大差市交叉口,通过实地调查研究,分析其存在的问题,针对性地提出信号控制与交通渠化组合设计优化方案,使用仿真软件vissim对优化方案进行仿真并评价。
With the high-speed development of our country’s economy and the speed-up of urbanization, urban traffic flow is growing rapidly, the demand for traffic facilities is growing drastically and traffic jams have become a common phenomenon. All these lead to high traffic accident rates, drastic growth of energy consumption and severer environment pollution. Further they hinder economic development of the whole city. Thus, relieving the traffic jam is well on the agenda.
Signalized intersection is the key of urban traffic. At the signalized intersection, different traffic flow, previously driving on roads which meet on the intersection, first choose their new direction and then change their flow direction. These intersections compose the meeting-up and dismissing points of the traffic flow. The smooth working of traffic flow at signalized intersections will affect a city’s whole traffic flow condition. Thus the quality of traffic control at signalized intersection is the key for the solving of traffic jams.
In our country for the reasons of traffic facility construction’s lag and the imperfection of the corresponding management measures, motor-vehicles, non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians drive in the intersections at the same time. This leads to the traffic disorder of the intersection, slow down of the vehicles, the increase of the delay and the reduction of traffic safety. So researching the character of mixed traffic flow at the intersection and the conduction of reasonable traffic control based on the research mean a lot to the release of urban traffic jam.
This paper first summarizes traffic signal control parameters and their relations, telling the calculation formula of each parameter, stating briefly traffic signal control evaluation indexes and introducing traffic control means.Then this paper analyzes different traffic characters and traffic conflict at the intersections.Based on this, this paper puts forward the optimized traffic channelization design for motor-vehicle, non-motorized vehicle and pedestrian respectively as well as intersection channelization design process.The optimized signal phase plans for motor-vehicle, non-motorized vehicle and pedestrian are summarized. Based on the research for integrated optimization of signal control and traffic channelization, 3 typical plans are put forward.Traditional calculating formulas for signal timing are summarized. The calculating formulas of green interval of tow green light law of bicycle and green time of phase for pedestrian are put forward.At last, a case—Xi’an Dachai Shi intersection, is introduced. By analyzing this case, integrated optimization plan is put forward. Simulation as well as evaluation of this plan is conducted with the use of simulation software—VISSIM.
引文
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[42]刘东,韩风春,陈永胜.灯控路口非机动车交通流运行特性研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版),2004,02:89-92
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[2]Alberto Broggi.INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS,IEEE ITS COUNCIL NEWSLETTER,Vol 4,No.2,April 2002
[3]王大海等.自协调变周期的交通信号集散控制系统——论第三代城市交通信号控制系统[J].北省科学院学报,1997年第3期:3-9
[4]http://www.eagletcs.com/actrawe brochure
[5]http://www.dot.gov
[6]刘智勇,梁渭清.城市交通信号控制的进展[J].公路交通科技,2003, 20(6):121-125
[7]顾尚华.非机动车交通干扰机动车交通的原因与对策谈[J].交通世界,1996:4~6
[8]王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.10
[9]马建明.信号交叉口优化设计及其微观仿真研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2001.5
[10]杨锦东,杨东媛.城市信号控制交叉口信号周期时长优化模型[J].同济大学学报,2001.7
[11]李美玲.信号交叉口交通组织优化方法研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.5
[12]姜景玲.混合交通流信号配时参数及优化方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2005.5
[13]王波.城市道路交叉口交通组织与信号控制策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.3
[14]杨继平.城市交通信号配时优化控制方法的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.2
[15]蔡蕾.城市平面交叉路口交通信号优化控制[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.4
[16]马建明,任福田,刘小明,荣建.信号交叉口交通组织优化设计[J].北京工业大学学报,2001.6
[17]刘德武.平面交叉口的交通组织与管制[J].公路与汽车,2002.12
[18]白立岗.城市道路交叉口的交通流仿真研究[D].西安:长安大学,2004.4
[19]葛怀群.城市道路禁左交通组织研究[D].西安:长安大学,2004.5
[20]龚晓岚.平面交叉口信号模糊控制及微观仿真系统研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.2
[21]刘新华.交叉口交通组织优化方法研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.3
[22]张政.交叉口交通组织优化设计研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.6
[23]杨晓光,陈白磊,彭国雄.行人交通控制信号设置方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2001.1
[24]董向辉,考虑非机动车和行人的交叉口信号控制优化模型研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2004.3
[25]赵建丽.混合交通流条件下信号交叉口行人交通研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004.2
[26]景春光.平面交叉口机非冲突机理机其应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2005.4
[27]金莉.混合交通流下信号交叉口交通组织优化问题研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.5
[28]Rekha S.Pillai;Ajay K.RathiA.Restricted branch-and-bound approachfor generating maximum bandwidth signal timing plans for trafficnetworks[J].Transportation Research Part-A.1998,Vol.32,No.8
[29]Joseph A.Ball;Marting V.Day; Pushkin kachroo;Tungsheng Yu.Robust control for signalized intersections[J].SPIE Vol.3207
[30]Inoue Takeshi.Traffic signal offset design using event scanning methodsimulation of traffic congestion[J].Electronics and Communications in Japan,Part III:Fundamental Electronic Science (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi),Vol.82,n 8,Aug,,1999
[31]Abbas Moniasir.Real-time offset transitioning algorithm for coordinating traffic signals[J].Transportation Research Record,n 1748,2001
[32]Lin.Feng-Bor(1985).Right-Turn on Road Characteristics and Use of Auxiliary Lanes[J].Transportation Research Record 1010:9-15
[33]Mark B.Tarral;Karen K.Dixon.Conflict analysis for double left-turn lanes with protected-plus-permitted signal phase[J].Transportation Research Record 165:98-1320
[34]Smith D.Safety and Location Criteria forBicyele Facilities [J].Report FHWA-RD-75-112,FHWA,U.S. Department of Transportation,1986
[35]Pein W.Bicyclist Performance on a Multiuse Trail [C].In Transportation Research Record 1578,TRB,National Research Council,Washington D. C,1997
[36]Kwon, Young-in.Analysis of pedestrian behavior and planning guidelines with mixed traffic for narrow urban streets[J]. Transportation Research Record,n 1636,Nov,1998
[37]Putman.H.andA.Ross.Planning Tools Evaluate and Analyze Bicycle Compatibility of Urban Street Networks[C].77th Annual MeetingtheTransportation Research Board,Washington D. C,1998
[38]ZongZ.Tian;Tom Urbanik;Roel of Engellbrecht;Kevin Balke.PedestrianTiming Alternatives and Impacts on Coordinated Signal Systems Under Split Phasing Operations[J]. TRB,1999
[39]Husham N.Abdulsattar Pedestrains'Right-of-way at Signalized intersections[J].TRB,2000
[40]王殿海.交通流理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.9
[41]陆化普.解析城市交通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.9
[42]刘东,韩风春,陈永胜.灯控路口非机动车交通流运行特性研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版),2004,02:89-92
[43]Kroll, B.and M.Ramey.Effects of Bike Lanes on Driver and Bicyclist Behavior [J]. Transportation Engineering Journal,March,1977:243-256
[44]Harkey D;R Stewart.Bicycle and Motor Vehicle Operations on Wide Curb lanes,Bicycle Lanes and Paved Shoulders[C].Proceedings Traffic Congestion &Traffic Safety in the 21st Century,Chicago,Illinois,American Society of Civil Engineers.1997:67-78
[45]孙明正,杨晓光.机非混行平面交叉口交通设计理论研究[J].公路交通科技,2004,8:82-86
[46]全永燊.城市交通控制[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989
[47]Husham N.Abdulsattar.Pedestrians' Right-of-way at Signalized Intersections[J]. TRB, 2000
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