轿车正面偏置碰撞抗撞性研究
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摘要
随着汽车保有量的增长,交通事故频繁发生,车辆安全性能备受人们关注。据统计,汽车碰撞事故中,汽车发生正面碰撞包括斜碰的概率在40%左右,然而在各种正面碰撞形式中正面碰撞模拟的交通事故发生概率为41%,其他形式碰撞发生概率为59%,故轿车进行正面偏置碰撞研究是当前研究的重点之一。所以,汽车正面偏置碰撞变形特点、提高偏置碰撞抗撞性能的方法研究也成为一重要课题。
正面碰撞是汽车上市前国家强制要求的试验,而正面偏置碰撞虽有法规,但未强制实施。本文通过计算机仿真的方法对正面碰撞以及正面偏置碰撞抗撞性展开研究。首先,根据正面碰撞和正面偏置碰撞法规,利用HyperMesh软件建立了轿车正面碰撞和正面偏置碰撞有限元模型和仿真系统,利用LS-DYNA软件进行相应的求解;其次,根据仿真结果对两种碰撞形式各自的能量变化和车体响应进行研究,结合轿车碰撞的评价指标,对两种碰撞形式下车体的变形量、侵入量和关键部位加速度进行对比分析,得出两种碰撞形式车体变形、受力特点;最后,结合仿真中的得出的正面偏置碰撞的变形特点,对前保险杠和前纵梁的厚度和材料进行相应的改进,一定程度上提高了轿车的正面偏置碰撞抗撞性。
本文探讨了满足正面碰撞法规的轿车如何改进才能提高正面偏置碰撞抗撞性的方法,提出了初步的仿真改进的流程,同时本文的研究结果对我国轿车正面偏置碰撞仿真设计具有一定的参考价值。
As the quantity of automobile increases, more and more accidents happen around us. Thus vehicle safety has become a hot focus. Statistic shows that the probability 0f frontal impact occupies about 40% among all automobile accidents. However, 100% frontal impact in accidents takes up around 41% of every frontal impact forms, while the other forms take up 59%. Under such circumstances, offset frontal impact has now become increasingly crucial for car safety, and research of deformation characteristic and how to improve crashworthiness also appears to be an important research project.
Frontal impact is a compulsive test before cars appear on the market. Offset frontal impact test has rules, but isn’t carried out compulsively. This article studies on two type (frontal and offset) impacts of car by computer simulation. First, it builds frontal and offset frontal impact finite element model and impact system of car by HyperMesh software based on rules of front impact and offset frontal impact. The models are solved by LS-DYNA software. Second, based on energy changes and respective responses of car body for two types of impact through simulation results, combined the evaluation rules of car impact, it compares and analysis deformation of car body、intrusion quantity and the characteristics of acceleration of key parts for two types of impact. We come to the characteristics of deformation and stress. At last, combining the characteristics of deformation in offset frontal impact, improve the thickness and material of frontal bumper and frontal carling, and improve the crashworthiness of car offset frontal impact to some extent.
This thesis discusses the methods of enhancing crashworthiness of offset frontal impact of car that has met the rule of frontal impact, and supplies a initial simulation process that improves crashworthiness. The research results in this thesis also could offer significant references for car offset frontal impact computer simulation study.
正面碰撞是汽车上市前国家强制要求的试验,而正面偏置碰撞虽有法规,但未强制实施。本文通过计算机仿真的方法对正面碰撞以及正面偏置碰撞抗撞性展开研究。首先,根据正面碰撞和正面偏置碰撞法规,利用HyperMesh软件建立了轿车正面碰撞和正面偏置碰撞有限元模型和仿真系统,利用LS-DYNA软件进行相应的求解;其次,根据仿真结果对两种碰撞形式各自的能量变化和车体响应进行研究,结合轿车碰撞的评价指标,对两种碰撞形式下车体的变形量、侵入量和关键部位加速度进行对比分析,得出两种碰撞形式车体变形、受力特点;最后,结合仿真中的得出的正面偏置碰撞的变形特点,对前保险杠和前纵梁的厚度和材料进行相应的改进,一定程度上提高了轿车的正面偏置碰撞抗撞性。
本文探讨了满足正面碰撞法规的轿车如何改进才能提高正面偏置碰撞抗撞性的方法,提出了初步的仿真改进的流程,同时本文的研究结果对我国轿车正面偏置碰撞仿真设计具有一定的参考价值。
As the quantity of automobile increases, more and more accidents happen around us. Thus vehicle safety has become a hot focus. Statistic shows that the probability 0f frontal impact occupies about 40% among all automobile accidents. However, 100% frontal impact in accidents takes up around 41% of every frontal impact forms, while the other forms take up 59%. Under such circumstances, offset frontal impact has now become increasingly crucial for car safety, and research of deformation characteristic and how to improve crashworthiness also appears to be an important research project.
Frontal impact is a compulsive test before cars appear on the market. Offset frontal impact test has rules, but isn’t carried out compulsively. This article studies on two type (frontal and offset) impacts of car by computer simulation. First, it builds frontal and offset frontal impact finite element model and impact system of car by HyperMesh software based on rules of front impact and offset frontal impact. The models are solved by LS-DYNA software. Second, based on energy changes and respective responses of car body for two types of impact through simulation results, combined the evaluation rules of car impact, it compares and analysis deformation of car body、intrusion quantity and the characteristics of acceleration of key parts for two types of impact. We come to the characteristics of deformation and stress. At last, combining the characteristics of deformation in offset frontal impact, improve the thickness and material of frontal bumper and frontal carling, and improve the crashworthiness of car offset frontal impact to some extent.
This thesis discusses the methods of enhancing crashworthiness of offset frontal impact of car that has met the rule of frontal impact, and supplies a initial simulation process that improves crashworthiness. The research results in this thesis also could offer significant references for car offset frontal impact computer simulation study.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国标准.乘用车正面偏置碰撞的乘员保护.GB/T 20913-2007
[2]公安部交通管理局.中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计年报.北京
[3] Offset frontal crash research in Japan,SAE paper No 95065
[4] MY Sheh, JD Reid, SM Lesh, and W Chava, Vehicle Crashworthiness Analysis Using Numerical Methods and Experiments, SAE Paper 921075
[5] H.Pries, R.Sinnhuber, and R.Zobel, The changing role of crash simulation for crashworthiness design of passenger cars, C498/32/187/95,IMechE 1996
[6] Qi C,Ma ZD,Kikuchi N,et al.A Magic Cube Approach for Crash worthiness Design[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0671.
[7] BMW Group,Using PAM-CRASH Parallel version on 16 processors. BMW now runs a full car crash test simulation overnight[J].Proceedings of Euro PAM 2001
[8] O Faruque,N Saha,K Mallela,et al. Modeling of Spot Weld under Impact Loading and Its Effect on Crash Simulation[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0959.
[9] Wang J,Xia Y,Zhou Q,et al. Simulation of Spot Weld Pullout by Modeling Failure Around Nugget[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0532.
[10] Wang J,Xia Y,Zhou Q,et al. Simulation of Spot Weld Pullout by Modeling Failure Around Nugget[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0532.
[11] TA Omar A Eskandarian,and NE Bedewi. Crash Analysis of Two Vehicle I Frontal ImPact Using Adaptive Artificial Neural Networks. AMD-VOl.230/BED-Vol.41, Crashworthiness, Occupant Protection and Biomechanics in Transportation Systesm-1998[C],ASME 1998
[12] H Steffan, BC. Geigl, A Moser, A New Approach to Occupant Simulation Through the Coupling of PC-Crash and MADYMO[J]. SAE Paper 1999-01-0444
[13]贾宏波.车身碰撞仿真技术在红旗轿车车身开发中的应用[J].汽车工程.1998,20(5):257-261.
[14]龚友,刘星荣,葛如海.小型客车整车正面碰撞分析[J].江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版).2005,21(3)16-21页
[15]孙振东,刘玉光,朱海涛.正面碰撞试验中后排乘员的伤害特性研究[C].2007中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会.2007:73-78.
[16]周炜,张天侠,崔海涛,赵侃.汽车追尾事故的安全性研究[C].2007中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会.2007:182-187. [17 ]张亮,徐立伟,高勇丽,王立春.汽车保险杠横梁碰撞性能的研究[C].2007中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会.2007:146-151.
[18]白鹏.两种正面碰撞标准的试验对比[J].天津汽车,2005(2):21-25
[19]钟志华,张维刚,曹立波等.汽车碰撞安全技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护GB11551-2003 [Z].2003,11
[21]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.乘用车正面偏置碰撞的乘员保护GB/T20913-2007[Z].2007,4
[22] NHTSA,Department of Transportation.Fmvss208.U.S.:Department of transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration[R],2004.
[23]许洪国.汽车事故工程[M].人民交通出版社,2004:2-4.
[24]朱西产.汽车正面碰撞试验法规及其发展趋势的分析[J].汽车工程,2002,24(1):1-5,14.
[25] www.c-ncap.org/2011-01-25.
[26] www.euroncap.com/2011-01-25.
[27] www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ncap/2011-01-25.
[28]朱西产.汽车碰撞安全性评价体系的现状及发展趋势[R].同济大学,2006.
[29]李平飞.轿车正面碰撞的仿真[D].成都:西华大学,2004.
[30] Dhafer Marzougui,cing-Dao Kan,and Nabih E.Bedwi.Development andValidation of an NCAP Simulation Using LS-DYNA3D.NCAC paper,2006
[31] http://forums.caenet.cn/showtopic-2054.aspx
[32] JohnO.Hallquist.LS-DYNA Theory Manual,Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2006
[33]姜礼尚,庞之垣.有限元法及其理论基础.人民教育出版社,2005
[34] John O.Hallquist.LS-DYNA Theory Manual.Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2006,296-305
[35]基于HyperWorks的结构优化设计技术,张胜兰等编著.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.10(2008.10重印)
[36]汽车碰撞安全技术,钟志华等著.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7
[37] www.c-ncap.org
[38]游国忠,陈晓东,程勇等.汽车侧面碰撞有限元仿真建模.江苏大学学报,2005,06(26)
[39]雷正保,谢玉洪,李海侠.大变形结构的耐碰撞性.国防科技大学出版社,2005
[40]白金泽编著.LS_DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析.北京:科学出版社,2005
[41] ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法.北京理工大学,1999
[42]魏一凡.微型客车30°斜角碰撞及40%偏置碰撞抗撞性研究[D].长春:吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005
[43]奥迪的ASF全铝车身技术.中国科技110网汽车频道,2006
[44]唐洪斌.车某轿车车体侧面碰撞车体结构性能研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[2]公安部交通管理局.中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计年报.北京
[3] Offset frontal crash research in Japan,SAE paper No 95065
[4] MY Sheh, JD Reid, SM Lesh, and W Chava, Vehicle Crashworthiness Analysis Using Numerical Methods and Experiments, SAE Paper 921075
[5] H.Pries, R.Sinnhuber, and R.Zobel, The changing role of crash simulation for crashworthiness design of passenger cars, C498/32/187/95,IMechE 1996
[6] Qi C,Ma ZD,Kikuchi N,et al.A Magic Cube Approach for Crash worthiness Design[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0671.
[7] BMW Group,Using PAM-CRASH Parallel version on 16 processors. BMW now runs a full car crash test simulation overnight[J].Proceedings of Euro PAM 2001
[8] O Faruque,N Saha,K Mallela,et al. Modeling of Spot Weld under Impact Loading and Its Effect on Crash Simulation[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0959.
[9] Wang J,Xia Y,Zhou Q,et al. Simulation of Spot Weld Pullout by Modeling Failure Around Nugget[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0532.
[10] Wang J,Xia Y,Zhou Q,et al. Simulation of Spot Weld Pullout by Modeling Failure Around Nugget[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0532.
[11] TA Omar A Eskandarian,and NE Bedewi. Crash Analysis of Two Vehicle I Frontal ImPact Using Adaptive Artificial Neural Networks. AMD-VOl.230/BED-Vol.41, Crashworthiness, Occupant Protection and Biomechanics in Transportation Systesm-1998[C],ASME 1998
[12] H Steffan, BC. Geigl, A Moser, A New Approach to Occupant Simulation Through the Coupling of PC-Crash and MADYMO[J]. SAE Paper 1999-01-0444
[13]贾宏波.车身碰撞仿真技术在红旗轿车车身开发中的应用[J].汽车工程.1998,20(5):257-261.
[14]龚友,刘星荣,葛如海.小型客车整车正面碰撞分析[J].江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版).2005,21(3)16-21页
[15]孙振东,刘玉光,朱海涛.正面碰撞试验中后排乘员的伤害特性研究[C].2007中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会.2007:73-78.
[16]周炜,张天侠,崔海涛,赵侃.汽车追尾事故的安全性研究[C].2007中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会.2007:182-187. [17 ]张亮,徐立伟,高勇丽,王立春.汽车保险杠横梁碰撞性能的研究[C].2007中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会.2007:146-151.
[18]白鹏.两种正面碰撞标准的试验对比[J].天津汽车,2005(2):21-25
[19]钟志华,张维刚,曹立波等.汽车碰撞安全技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护GB11551-2003 [Z].2003,11
[21]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.乘用车正面偏置碰撞的乘员保护GB/T20913-2007[Z].2007,4
[22] NHTSA,Department of Transportation.Fmvss208.U.S.:Department of transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration[R],2004.
[23]许洪国.汽车事故工程[M].人民交通出版社,2004:2-4.
[24]朱西产.汽车正面碰撞试验法规及其发展趋势的分析[J].汽车工程,2002,24(1):1-5,14.
[25] www.c-ncap.org/2011-01-25.
[26] www.euroncap.com/2011-01-25.
[27] www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ncap/2011-01-25.
[28]朱西产.汽车碰撞安全性评价体系的现状及发展趋势[R].同济大学,2006.
[29]李平飞.轿车正面碰撞的仿真[D].成都:西华大学,2004.
[30] Dhafer Marzougui,cing-Dao Kan,and Nabih E.Bedwi.Development andValidation of an NCAP Simulation Using LS-DYNA3D.NCAC paper,2006
[31] http://forums.caenet.cn/showtopic-2054.aspx
[32] JohnO.Hallquist.LS-DYNA Theory Manual,Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2006
[33]姜礼尚,庞之垣.有限元法及其理论基础.人民教育出版社,2005
[34] John O.Hallquist.LS-DYNA Theory Manual.Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2006,296-305
[35]基于HyperWorks的结构优化设计技术,张胜兰等编著.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.10(2008.10重印)
[36]汽车碰撞安全技术,钟志华等著.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7
[37] www.c-ncap.org
[38]游国忠,陈晓东,程勇等.汽车侧面碰撞有限元仿真建模.江苏大学学报,2005,06(26)
[39]雷正保,谢玉洪,李海侠.大变形结构的耐碰撞性.国防科技大学出版社,2005
[40]白金泽编著.LS_DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析.北京:科学出版社,2005
[41] ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法.北京理工大学,1999
[42]魏一凡.微型客车30°斜角碰撞及40%偏置碰撞抗撞性研究[D].长春:吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005
[43]奥迪的ASF全铝车身技术.中国科技110网汽车频道,2006
[44]唐洪斌.车某轿车车体侧面碰撞车体结构性能研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.